綜合教程 新世紀(jì)高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)本科生系列教材 教師PPTBook 3 Unit 6

1、How to Write a Rotten Poem with Almost No EffortRichard HoweyPoetry appreciationspring goeth all in whiteRobert Bridges spring goeth all in white,crowned with milk-white may;in fleecy flocks of light,oer heaven the white clouds stray;white butterflies in the air;white daisies prank the ground;the ch

2、erry and hoary pear,scatter their snow around. 春之女神著素裝春之女神著素裝羅伯特羅伯特布里季布里季春之女神著素裝春之女神著素裝山楂花冠乳白光；山楂花冠乳白光；天上分明一群羊，天上分明一群羊，白云朵朵自來(lái)往；白云朵朵自來(lái)往；粉蝶空中時(shí)蹁躚；粉蝶空中時(shí)蹁躚；廷命菊花飾郊原；廷命菊花飾郊原；櫻桃梨樹共爭(zhēng)艷，櫻桃梨樹共爭(zhēng)艷，四處非花如雪片四處非花如雪片。 Poetry appreciation She Walks in Beauty Byron She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes

3、 and starry skies; And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 她走在美的光彩中 拜倫 她走在美的光彩中，象夜晚 皎潔無(wú)云而且繁星漫天； 明與暗的最美妙的色澤 在她的儀容和秋波里呈現(xiàn)： 耀目的白天只嫌光太強(qiáng)， 它比那光亮柔和而幽暗。 Poetry appreciationOne shade the more, one ray the less,

4、Had half impaird the nameless graceWhich waves in every raven tress,Or softly lightens oer her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. And on that cheek, and oer that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, The smiles that win, the tints that glow,But tell

5、of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent! 增加或減少一份明與暗 就會(huì)損害這難言的美。美波動(dòng)在她烏黑的發(fā)上，或者散布淡淡的光輝在那臉龐，恬靜的思緒指明它的來(lái)處純潔而珍貴。呵，那額際，那鮮艷的面頰，如此溫和,平靜,而又脈脈含情，那迷人的微笑，那容顏的光彩，都在說(shuō)明一個(gè)善良的生命：她的頭腦安于世間的一切，她的心充溢著真純的愛情！ Famous English poems and poets 惠特曼草葉集 泰戈?duì)栵w鳥集 維吉爾 賀拉斯 奧德賽 濟(jì)慈 Structu

6、ral analysisPart 1: (1-3): introduction of the whole essay. The problem with poetry and the significance of its solution.Part 2: (4-9): the body of the essay How people can create a poem of their own.Part 3: (10-12): ending of the essay The author reiterates his intention and makes it clear that he

7、is just joking by presenting such a method of creating a poem.History of English PoetryI.The Anglo-Norman periodII.The renaissance in EnglandIII.The restoration and 18th centuryIV. The romantic movementV.High Victorian poetryVI. The 20th century( modernism) History of English PoetryWith the Norman c

8、onquest of England, beginning in 1111 the Anglo-Saxon language rapidly diminished as a written literary language. The new aristocracy spoke French, and this became the standard language of courts, parliament, and polite society. As the invaders integrated, their language and literature mingled with

9、that of the natives: the French dialect of the upper classes became Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon underwent a gradual transition into Middle English.While Anglo-Norman or Latin was preferred for high culture, English literature by no means died out, and a number of important works illustrate the dev

10、elopment of the language. Around the turn of the 13th century, Layamon wrote his Brut, based on Waces 12th century Anglo-Norman epic of the same name; Layamons language is recognisably Middle English, though his prosody shows a strong Anglo-Saxon influence remaining. Other transitional works were pr

11、eserved as popular entertainment, including a variety of romances and lyrics. With time, the English language regained prestige, and in 1362 it replaced French and Latin in Parliament and courts of law. History of English PoetryThe Renaissance was slow in coming to England, with the generally accept

12、ed start date being around 1509. It is also generally accepted that the English Renaissance extended until the Restoration in 1660. However, a number of factors had prepared the way for the introduction of the new learning long before this start date. A number of medieval poets had, as already noted

13、, shown an interest in the ideas of Aristotle and the writings of European Renaissance precursors such as Dante.Three other factors in the establishment of the English Renaissance were the Reformation, Counter Reformation, and the opening of the era of English naval power and overseas exploration an

14、d expansion. The establishment of the Church of England in 1535 accelerated the process of questioning the Catholic world-view that had previously dominated intellectual and artistic life. At the same time, long-distance sea voyages helped provide the stimulus and information that underpinned a new

15、understanding of the nature of the universe which resulted in the theories of Nicolaus Copernicus and Johannes Kepler. History of English PoetryIt is perhaps ironic that Paradise Lost, a story of fallen pride, was the first major poem to appear in England after the Restoration. The court of Charles

16、II had, in its years in France, learned a worldliness and sophistication that marked it as distinctively different from the monarchies that preceded the Republic. Even if Charles had wanted to reassert the divine right of kingship, the Protestantism and taste for power of the intervening years would

17、 have rendered it impossible. It is hardly surprising that the world of fashion and scepticism that emerged encouraged the art of satire. All the major poets of the period, Samuel Butler, John Dryden, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson, and the Irish poet Jonathan Swift, wrote satirical verse. What i

18、s perhaps more surprising is that their satire was often written in defence of public order and the established church and government. However, writers such as Pope used their gift for satire to create scathing works responding to their detractors or to criticise what they saw as social atrocities p

19、erpetrated by the government. Popes The Dunciad is a satirical slaying of two of his literary adversaries (Lewis Theobald, and Colley Cibber in a later version), expressing the view that British society was falling apart morally, culturally, and intellectually. The 18th century is sometimes called t

20、he Augustan age, and contemporary admiration for the classical world extended to the poetry of the time. Not only did the poets aim for a polished high style in emulation of the Roman ideal, they also translated and imitated Greek and Latin verse resulting in measured rationalised elegant verse. Dry

21、den translated all the known works of Virgil, and Pope produced versions of the two Homeric epics. Horace and Juvenal were also widely translated and imitated, Horace most famously by John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester and Juvenal by Samuel Johnsons Vanity of Human Wishes.History of English PoetryThe la

22、st quarter of the 18th century was a time of social and political turbulence, with revolutions in the United States, France, Ireland and elsewhere. In Great Britain, movement for social change and a more inclusive sharing of power was also growing. This was the backdrop against which the Romantic mo

23、vement in English poetry emerged.The main poets of this movement were William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, and John Keats. In poetry, the Romantic movement emphasised the creative expression of the individual and the need to find and formulate

24、 new forms of expression. The Romantics, with the partial exception of Byron, rejected the poetic ideals of the 18th century, and each of them returned to Milton for inspiration, though each drew something different from Milton. They also put a good deal of stress on their own originality. History o

25、f English PoetryTo the Romantics, the moment of creation was the most important in poetic expression and could not be repeated once it passed. Because of this new emphasis, poems that were not complete were nonetheless included in a poets body of work (such as Coleridges Kubla Khan and Christabel).A

26、dditionally, the Romantic movement marked a shift in the use of language. Attempting to express the language of the common man, Wordsworth and his fellow Romantic poets focused on employing poetic language for a wider audience, countering the mimetic, tightly constrained Neo-Classic poems (although

27、its important to note that the poet wrote first and foremost for his/her own creative, expression). In Shelleys Defense of Poetry, he contends that poets are the creators of language and that the poets job is to refresh language for their society.The Romantics were not the only poets of note at this

28、 time. In the work of John Clare the late Augustan voice is blended with a peasants first-hand knowledge to produce arguably some of the finest nature poetry in the English language. Another contemporary poet who does not fit into the Romantic group was Walter Savage Landor. Landor was a classicist

29、whose poetry forms a link between the Augustans and Robert Browning, who much admired it. rotten The Victorian era was a period of great political change, social and economic change. The Empire recovered from the loss of the American colonies and entered a period of rapid expansion. This expansion,

30、combined with increasing industrialisation and mechanisation, led to a prolonged period of economic growth. The Reform Act 1832 was the beginning of a process that would eventually lead to universal suffrage.viaAmong the foremost avant-garde writers were the American-born poets Gertrude Stein, T. S.

31、 Eliot, H.D. and Ezra Pound, each of whom spent an important part of their writing lives in England, France and Italy.Pounds involvement with the Imagists marked the beginning of a revolution in the way poetry was written. English poets involved with this group included D. H. Lawrence, Richard Aldin

32、gton, T. E. Hulme, F. S. Flint, Ford Madox Ford, Allen Upward and John Cournos. Eliot, particularly after the publication of The Waste Land, became a major figure and influence on other English poets.In addition to these poets, other English modernists began to emerge. These included the London-Wels

33、h poet and painter David Jones, whose first book, In Parenthesis, was one of the very few experimental poems to come out of World War I, the Scot Hugh MacDiarmid, Mina Loy and Basil Bunting.rottenuAdj: decayed; gone bad腐敗的，變質(zhì)的uInfml nasty, unpleasant, or unsatisfactory糟糕的，討厭的糟糕的司機(jī)多糟糕的天氣.pFeel rotten

34、: to feel ill or unhappy今天早上我感覺有些不舒服，我吃下的東西肯定有問(wèn)題。I feel rotten this morning; it must have been something I ate.pOne rotten apple spoils the barrel What rotten weather A rotten driver Spare the rod, spoil the child.aromaunoun: a strong usually a pleasant smell芳香，香氣，香味熱咖啡的香味The aroma of hot coffeeunou

35、n: a noticeable feeling or quality connected with a place or situation氣氛，氛圍這個(gè)地方籠罩著一種神秘的氣氛。An aroma of mystery hung about the place.cuddleuverb: to hold someone or something or each other lovingly and closely in the arms 擁抱，摟抱小女孩摟抱著她的愛犬。The little girl cuddled her pet dog.約翰和蘇珊在電梯里摟摟抱抱。John and Susan

36、 were cuddling in the elevator. The baby likes to cuddle her Teddy Bear all the time. cuddly adj.適宜摟抱的elevateuverb: (fml) to make finer, higher, or more educated使高尚，使提高，使更有文化修養(yǎng)uTo raise to a higher rank or position晉升職位或提拔他講話中的高尚情操深受聽眾的贊賞。His elevated sentiments were much admired by the audience.他被晉升

37、為上尉。He was elevated to the rank of captain.高架鐵路 elevated railwayElevated railway Elevate Elevatorepicunoun: 史詩(shī)，敘事詩(shī)uA book, film (usually long enough) that has some of the qualities of an epic史詩(shī)般的作品 奧德賽是古希臘的史詩(shī)。 The Odyssey is an epic of ancient Greece. 好萊塢制作的有關(guān)羅馬帝國(guó)的史詩(shī)般的影片 A Hollywood epic about the R

38、oman Empireuadj: (appre) of stories ,events, full of brave action and excitement, like an epic英雄的，壯麗的，史詩(shī)般的 有關(guān)他們勇敢穿越沙漠的報(bào)告 An account of their epic journey across the desert epic 敘事詩(shī) lyric 抒情詩(shī)evolveuverb: evolve from: to develop gradually by a long continuous process （使）逐步發(fā)展，（使）逐漸演變 有些人認(rèn)為我們是從類人猿逐漸演變過(guò)來(lái)

39、的。 Some people believe that we evolved from apes. 英國(guó)的政體經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)百年的發(fā)展。 The British political system has evolved over several centuries.uEvolution: n: 進(jìn)化 查爾斯達(dá)爾文在1859年首次出版的物種起源一書中提出了進(jìn)化論。 The theory of evolution was developed by Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species, which was first printed in

40、1859. evolve evolution evolutionaryimponderablesuNoun: (usu plural) something whose effects are imponderable無(wú)法估量的事物uImponderable: adj: (fml) of which the importance cannot be measured or calculated exactly無(wú)法估計(jì)的，無(wú)法估量的 imponderablemediocreuadj: neither very good nor very bad, but usually not good enou

41、gh平凡的，平庸的，不夠好的一個(gè)平庸的故事A mediocre storymediocrity n.uBy means of; using通過(guò)，借助于，用prosaicuadj: dull and uninteresting乏味的，沉悶的乏味的工作/演講A prosaic job/ speechuLacking feeling and imagination缺乏想象力的，平庸的，刻板的 他這個(gè)人太古板，想不起來(lái)給我送花的。He is too prosaic to think of sending me flowers. Prosaic life A squaliduadj: very dirt

42、y and unpleasant, especially as a result of lack of care or lack of money(因缺錢或無(wú)人管理而造成的)污穢的，不潔的，骯臟的污穢骯臟的貧民區(qū)uHaving or concerning lower moral standard卑鄙的，低賤的，下流的涉及色情和暴力的下流故事A squalid story of sex and violenceSqualid slumsveritableuadj: fml (used to give force to an expression) that may truly be descri

43、bed as or compared to the stated thing; real （用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)確實(shí)的，名副其實(shí)的謝謝你那頓美餐，真是一次名副其實(shí)的盛宴。Thank you for that lovely meal; it was a veritable feast.conjure upuconjure: verb: to cause to appear as if by magic 如同用魔術(shù)變出uConjure sth up：to bring into the mind or cause to be remembered; evoke 使人想象出，使人回憶起瓊能像變戲法似的在半個(gè)

44、小時(shí)內(nèi)做出一頓可口的飯菜。Joan can conjure up a good meal in half an hour這個(gè)地方使人回憶起許多生動(dòng)的往事。This place conjures up vivid memories.viauprep: traveling or sent through a place on the way渠道，經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過(guò)uBy means of; using通過(guò)，借助于，用我們乘飛機(jī)經(jīng)由巴黎去雅典。We flew to Athens via Paris妹妹給她帶去一封信。I sent a message to Mary via her sister.uViabl

45、e: adj: able to succeed in operation; feasible可望成功的，切實(shí)可行的這個(gè)計(jì)劃從經(jīng)濟(jì)效益上來(lái)看是不可行的。The scheme is not economically viable.Phrases to learnA rotten dayLove affairFor all timeOrganize the emotionsPound in ones veins不順心的一天情事永遠(yuǎn)整理思緒在血管中跳動(dòng)middle grounduAn area of compromise or possible agreement between tow extrem

46、e positions 中立，中間立場(chǎng)在爭(zhēng)論中每個(gè)人都必須有自己的立場(chǎng)，沒有中立派。In the argument everyone has to take sides; there is no middle ground.Phrases to learnSong lyricsEqual toFour-line poemAt will Works of epic length歌詞相當(dāng)于四行詩(shī)隨心所欲史詩(shī)篇幅的作品Phrases to learnA problem with sthWhats worseForeign art formAs a resultMiddle groundThere i

47、s (no) market forSeek out 關(guān)于sth的問(wèn)題更糟糕的是，不相干的藝術(shù)形式結(jié)果是中立觀點(diǎn)，立場(chǎng)對(duì)某事有/無(wú)市場(chǎng)需求 找出來(lái)Phrases to learnA solution forPoem of whatever qualityFeel Comradeship withFellow poetsElevate the quality of lifeFor a changeMake a living解決辦法任何水準(zhǔn)的詩(shī)歌同某人志同道合詩(shī)人伙伴提升生活質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)變一下謀生optionaluadj: which may be freely chosen or not chosen可

48、選擇的，非強(qiáng)制的選修課必修課收音機(jī)是可買可不買的額外配件。The car radio is an optional extra.Optional subjectsCompulsory coursesoverdoneuoverdouTo do, decorate, perform etc to much把某事做得過(guò)火，對(duì)某事進(jìn)行過(guò)分裝飾，夸張表演這部電影中愛情場(chǎng)面的戲有點(diǎn)過(guò)火了。The love scene in the film is a bit overdone.不要放太多的鹽。Dont overdo the salt.the rule of thumbuA practical method

49、 of doing or measuring sth usually based on past experience rather than the exact measurement經(jīng)驗(yàn)工作法Phrases to learnThe rule of thumbOut of contextProfound imageFiling cabinet經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則斷章取義的深刻的形象文件柜as peruPrep: according to 按照uAs per usual：(especially of something that one disapproves of) 照常，照舊這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)按照您的指示做

50、了。The work has been done as per your instructions他照舊遲到。He was late, as per usual.rhythmuRhyme：noun:壓韻詩(shī)，順口溜；壓韻詞，同韻詞；押韻uVerb: rhyme (with)Fold and cold are rhymes.Shakespeare sometimes wrote in rhymes. Rhythm: noun: 韻律，節(jié)奏和律動(dòng)心跳的節(jié)奏The rhythm of the heartbeats激動(dòng)的節(jié)拍The exciting rhythmPhrases toHuman sense

51、s In a conflicting mannerConjure upPoetic feeling/ atmosphereEndless possibilitiesSth come to mind人的感官以矛盾的方式激發(fā)，喚起詩(shī)情畫意無(wú)限的可能頭腦想到的break upu To cause to become separated into smaller pieces打碎、拆散、碎開 船觸礁裂開了。 The ship broke up on the rocks.u To come or bring to an end, especially by separating 結(jié)束、解散、驅(qū)散 會(huì)議沒有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議就結(jié)束了。 The conference broke up without any agreement.u To stop being together; separate or go in different directions分離、斷絕關(guān)系、散開 如果john和