北京師范大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題

1、北京師范大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題I Liste ning Comprehe nsionSection ADirections: In this sect ion, you will hear five short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a questi on, you must choose the best an swer from the four c

2、hoices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresp onding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a sin gle line through the cen tre.1. A. They are look ing for the n ews in that journ al.B. They do not un dersta nd the n ews.C. The n ewssta nd probably has the jour nal.D. They are expect ing a new journ ey

3、.2. A. She has cha nged her major to economics.B. she majors in bus in ess adm ini strati on now.C. She has studied bus in ess adm ini stratio n for three years.D. she does not want to major in bus in ess adm ini strati on.3. A. She bought a carpet and a clea ner.B. Some one clea ned Ann ' carpe

4、t.C. Ann purchased a product for clea ning her carpet.D. The carpet was clea ned at the supermarket.4. A. Mr. Brow n was at home.B. Mr. Brow n was in the office.C. Mr. Brow n was caught out of tow n.D. Mr. Brow n was on a bus in ess trip.5. A. Hardly an ybody here speaks fran kly.B. Take a differe n

5、t route to get where you are going.C. We have asked every one to form a straight li ne.D. The questi ons are complicated, but there is only one right an swer.Section BDirections: In this sect ion, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks

6、and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a questi on, you must choose the best an swer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresp onding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Questio n 6-8 are based on the talk you have just heard

7、.6. On what occasions should you say Congratulations! ”A. When somebody offers apologies to you.B. When some one tells an excit ing story to you.C. When somebody is in an extremely happy occasi on.D. When people have completed someth ing successfully.7. What does R.S.VP .in an in vitation mea n?A. R

8、esp onse very promptly.B. Resp onse very pun ctually.C. Resp on se, please.D. Resp onse very politely.8. What are the two main uses of “ m'sorry” according to the speaker?A. To express one's sympathy and regret to some one.B. To express on e'gratitude to some one.C. To express on e's

9、op inion to some one.D. To express one's an ger to some one.Questio n 9-11 are based on the talk you have just heard.9. What is the movie Soyle nt Green about?A. The population of New York City in the year 2022.B. The life in New York City in the year 2022.C. The ocea n pla nt-soyle nt.D. The fo

10、od and hous ing problems in the future.10. What is the soyle nt yellow and red made of?A. Ocea n pla nts.B. Crackers.C. Soybea ns.D. Tomatoes.11. What might be the main reason of this scaring reality ” according to the speaker?A. The gap betwee n the rich and the poor.B. The hous ing shortage in big

11、 cities like New York.C. The limited job opport un ities in New York City.D. The expa nsion of big cities and large populatio n.Questio n 12-15 are based on the talk you have just heard.12. Which room does the guest stay?A. 240B. 250C. 214D. 21313. What does the guest want to borrow?A. Ten dollars.B

12、. An iron.C. A laundry bag.D. The n ewspaper.14. What is particularly wrong with the air-c on diti oner?A. It bothers the guest.B. It makes the room too cool to stay in.C. It doesn 'work at all.D. It doesn 'cool the room very much.15. Where can the hotel guest get a foreig n n ewspaper?A. In

13、 the recepti on.B. In the housekeep ing office.C. In the gift shop of the lobby.D. In the hotel lobby.II. Readi ng Comprehe nsion (25 poin ts) Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are

14、four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1There is a new type of small advertiseme nt beco ming in creas in gly com mon in n ewspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed amongsituations vacant ”，altho

15、ugh it does not offeranyone a job; and sometimes it appears amongsituati ons wan ted ”, although it is not placed bysome one look ing for a job either. What it does is to offer help in appl ying for a job.Con tact us before writ ing applicati on ”，or Make use of our long experie nee in prepari ng yo

16、ur curriculum vitae, or job history”，is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is , of course, a reflect ion on the curre nt high levels of unemployment. It is also, an indication of growing importance of the curriculum vitae.(or job history), with

17、 the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time whe n job seekers simply wrote letters of applicati on. Just put dow n your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”，was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for th

18、eir first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained. Everything else could and should be saved for the in terview. And in those days of full employme nt the tech nique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face

19、and in tellige nt replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice the n was to put someth ing in the letter which would dist in guish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach.” your search is over. I am the person

20、 you are looking for, ” was a widely used trick that occasi on ally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature special feature specially desig ned for the job in view.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university educati on at all points in the proces

21、s of en gagi ng staff that has led to the greater importa nce of the curriculum vitae.16. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .A. in forms job hun ters of the opport un ities availableB. promises useful advice to those look ing for employme ntC. divides available jo

22、bs into various typesD. in forms employers that people are available for work.17. Nowadays a dema nd for this specialized type of service has bee n created because .A. there is lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB. there are so many top-level jobs availableC. there are so many people out of w

23、orkD. the job history is con sidered to be a work of art .18. In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would .A. write an initial letter giving their life historyB. pass some exams before appl ying for a jobC. have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD. keep any detail

24、ed in formatio n un til they obta ined an in terview19. Later, as one went on to apply more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letterA. something that would attract attention to one ' applicationB. a pers onal opi nion about the orga ni zati on one was tryi ng to joinC. something

25、that would offered that person reading itD. a lie that one could easily get with telling20. The job history has become such an important document because .A. there has bee n a decrease in the nu mber of jobs advertisedB. there has bee n an in crease in the nu mber of qualified "job hun tersC. j

26、obs are beco ming much more complicated no wadaysD. the other processes of appl ying for jobs are more complicated2Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised educati on, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write

27、the equivale nt of a large book. Most social-scie nee postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can ofte n take a further three years. By the n , most new doctors are sick to

28、death of the n arrowly defi ned subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenin gs.The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scie ntists, wants to get better value for money by cutt ing short this agony .It would like to see faster completi

29、 on rates: un til rece ntly, only about 25% of PhD can didates were finishing with in four years. The ESRC' response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proport ion tak ing less tha n four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the n ati onal average shot up t

30、o 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Uni ess completi on rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Bus i

31、n ess School.Predictably, howls of protest have come from the uni versities, who view the blacklisti ng of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but con seque ntly take Ion ger to f

32、inis their theses. Polytech nics with as few as two PhD can didates complai n that they are pen alized by ran dom fluctuatio ns in stude nt performa nee. The colleges say there is no hard evide nee to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or le

33、ss ambitious doctoral topics.The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD stude nts were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serio

34、us research. So in future its grants will be give n only where it is convinced that stude nts are being trained as researchers, rather tha n carry ing out purely kno wledge-based studies.The ESRC can not dictate the sta ndard of thesis required by exter nal exam in ers, or force departments to give

35、graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.21. By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare

36、time, .A. most of them died of some sick nessB. their holidays and eve nings have bee n ruined by their jobsC. most of them are completely tired of the n arrowly defi ned subjectD. most of their gra nts run out22. Oxford Uni versity would be excluded out of those uni versities that receive PhD gra n

37、ts from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students 'theses within four years is lower thanA. 25%B. 40%C. 39%D. 10%23. All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC 'policy except .A. all the in stituti ons on the blacklist are arbitrary and n egativeB. there is no ha

38、rd evidenee to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather tha n lower sta ndards or less ambitious doctoral topics.C. many of the best stude nts go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but con seque ntly take Ion ger to finish their theses.D. so

39、me polytech nics are pen alized by ran dom fluctuati ons in stude nt performa nee24. The ESRC would prefer .A. that the stude nts were carry ing out purely kno wledge-based studies rather tha n being trained as researchers.B. to see higher sta ndards of PhD stude nts 'theses and more ambitious d

40、octoral topicsC. more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on in experie need young PhD stude nts.D. that PhD stude nts were less modest in their aims25. what the ESRC can do is to .A. force departme nts to give graduates more teach ing timeB. try to persua

41、de uni versities to cha nge their waysC. dictate the sta ndard of thesis required by exter nal exam inersD. note that students want more research training and less elaborate style of thesis3In flue nza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousa nds of people every year at a very h

42、igh cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dan gerous for people over the age of 65. in flue nza is mainly a seas onal ill ness of the win ter mon ths, though in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific it can occur all the year round.The damagi ng eff

43、ects of in flue nza can be preve nted by immuni zati on, but con sta nt cha nges of antigenic specificity of the virus necessitate a different composition of the vaccine from one year to ano ther. The n etwork of WHO Collaborat ing Cen ters for In flue nza and n ati onal in stitutes carries out in f

44、lue nza surveilla nce activities to mon itor the evaluati on of in flue nza virus stra ins, and WHO hold an annual con sultati on at the end of February to recomme nd the compositi on of the vacci ne for the forthcomi ng epidemiological seas on. These recomme ndati ons are published immediately in t

45、he Weekly epidemiological record.Vacc in ati on each year aga inst in flue nza is recomme nded for certa in high-risk populati ons. Inclosed or semi-closed sett in gs, maximum ben efit from immuni zati on is likely to be achieved whe n more tha n three-quarters of the populati on are vacci nated so

46、that the ben efit ofherd immu nity ”can be exploited. Special care should be take n of the follow ing groups:-adults and children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems requiring regular medical follow-up or who had been hospitalized during the previous year, in cludi ng c

47、hildre n with asthma;-reside nts of nursing homes and other establishme nts for patie nts of any age with chronic medical con diti ons;-all people over the age of 65.Physicians, nurses, and other personal in primary and intensive care units, who are potentially capable of tran smitt ing in flue nza

48、to high risk pers ons, should be immuni zed; visit ing nu rses and volun teer workers providi ng home care to high-risk pers ons should also be in cluded.26. This passage .A. concerns the damagi ng effects of in flue nzaB. men ti ons the steps of fighti ng aga inst the harmful effects of in flue nza

49、C. emphasizes the worry expressed by all age groupsD. both A and B27. That a different component part of the vaccine is necessary is principally due to the variablechange of .A. virusB. stra inC. an tige nD. immuni zati on28. Which has bee n done by World Health Orga ni zati on in combat ing the bad

50、 effects of in flue nza?A. supervis ing the assessme nt of in flue nza virus stra ins.B. Holding meetings twice a year to provide the latest data concerning the composition of the vacci nes.C. Publishing the related information in a WHO almanac.D. Stress ing the importa nce of preve nting in flue nz

51、a for people living in tropical areas of Asia.29. Accord ing to the passage, high-risk pers ons exclude which of the follow ing kinds of people ?A. Childre n sufferi ng from asthma.B. The elderly with chronic pul monary diseases.C. Middle aged people with chronic heart diseases.D. Nurses tak ing spe

52、cial care of the sick.30. In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?A. A surgery book.B. A psychology bookC. An epidemiology book.D. An obstetrics book4In science the meaning of the word explain ” suffers with civilization ' every step in search of reality.

53、 Science can not really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their n ature no more is known to the moder n scie ntist tha n to Thales who first speculated on the electrificati on of amber. Most con temporary physicists reject the notion

54、 that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really ” are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing, like St. Paul 'Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all thee is to tell. Un til recen tl

55、y scie ntists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose n atural scie nee domin ated Western thought for two thousa nd years, believed that man could arrive at an un dersta nding of reality by reas oning from self-evide nt prin ciples. He felt, for example, that it is a s

56、elf-evide nt prin ciple that everyth ing in the uni verse has its proper place, hence one can con clude that objects fall to the ground because that is where they bel ong, and smok ing goes up because that is where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian scienee was to explain why things happe n. Moder

57、 n scie nee was born whe n Galileo bega n trying to expla in how thi ngs happe n and thus origi nated the method of con trolled experime nt which now forms the basis of scie ntific in vestigati on.31. The aim of con trolled scie ntific experime nts is .A. to expla in why things happe nB. to expla in

58、 how things happe nC. to describe self-evident principlesD. to support Aristotelia n scie nee32. what prin ciples most in flue need scie ntific thought for two thousa nd years?A. The speculati ons of ThalesB. The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravityC. Aristotle 'natural scieneeD. Galileo ' discoveries33. Bertrand Russell ' notion about electricity is .A. disapproved of by most moder n scie ntistsB. in agreement with Aristotle 'theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed towardhow” things happenD. in agreement