經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基本詞匯匯編

1、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基本詞匯匯編Aaccounting cost 會(huì)計(jì)成本accounting profit 會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)adverse selection 逆向選擇allocation of resources 資源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法Elasticity 彈性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿羅不可能定理asymetric information 非對(duì)稱性信息average product of capital 資本平均產(chǎn)量average product of labour 勞動(dòng)平均

2、產(chǎn)量variable cost 平均可變成本Bbarriers to entry 進(jìn)入壁壘bilateral monopoly 雙邊壟斷bliss point 極樂點(diǎn)boundary point 邊界點(diǎn)break even point 收支相抵點(diǎn)budget constraint 預(yù)算約束budget set 預(yù)算集Ccapital stock 資本存量capital output ratio 資本產(chǎn)出比率Chamberlin model 張伯倫模型choice 選擇Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb-Douglas production function 柯布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)co

3、bweb model 蛛網(wǎng)模型collective bargaining 集體協(xié)議工資collusion 合謀command economy 指令經(jīng)濟(jì)commodity combination 商品組合commodity space 商品空間common property 公用財(cái)產(chǎn)compensation principles 補(bǔ)償原則competitive market 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)complement goods 互補(bǔ)品complete information 完全信息completeness 完備性condition for efficiency in exchange 交換的最優(yōu)條件co

4、ndition for efficiency in production 生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件constant returns to scale 規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變constraints 約束consumer preference 消費(fèi)者偏好consumer surplus 消費(fèi)者剩余consumption bundle 消費(fèi)束consumption combination 消費(fèi)組合consumption possibility curve 消費(fèi)可能曲線consumption set 消費(fèi)集consumption space 消費(fèi)空間continuity 連續(xù)性contract curve 契約曲線cos

5、t minimization 成本極小化Cournot equilibrium 古諾均衡Cournot model 古諾模型Cross-price elasticity 交*價(jià)格彈性Ddead-weights loss 重負(fù)損失decreasing cost industry 成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減deduction 演繹法demand elasticity 需求彈性derive demand 派生需求differentiated good 差異商品differentiated oligoply 差異寡頭diminishing marg

6、inal substitution 邊際替代率遞減diminishing marginal return 收益遞減diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減direct taxes 直接稅discounting 貼稅、折扣diseconomies of scale 規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)vision of labour 勞動(dòng)分工duoupoly 雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality 對(duì)偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 動(dòng)態(tài)分析dynamic models 動(dòng)態(tài)模型EEconomic agents 經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者economic cost 經(jīng)濟(jì)成本econ

7、omic efficiency 經(jīng)濟(jì)效率economic goods 經(jīng)濟(jì)物品economic man 經(jīng)濟(jì)人economic mode 經(jīng)濟(jì)模型economic profit 經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)economic region of production 生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域economic regulation 經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)economic rent 經(jīng)濟(jì)租金exchange 交換exchange efficiency 交換效率exchange contract curve 交換契約曲線economy of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思圖exclusion 排斥性、排

8、他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率,效益efficiency parameter 效率參數(shù)elasticity 彈性elasticity of substitution 替代彈性endogenous variable 內(nèi)生變量endowment 稟賦endowment of resources 資源稟賦Engel curve 恩格爾曲線entrepreneurship 企業(yè)家才能entry barriers 進(jìn)入壁壘entry/exit decision 進(jìn)出決策envolope curve

9、 包絡(luò)線equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡條件equilibrium price 均衡價(jià)格equilibrium quantity 均衡產(chǎn)量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等價(jià)變量excess-capacity theorem 過度生產(chǎn)能力定理excess supply 過度供給exchange 交換exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原則existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 總體均衡的存在性exogeno

10、us variables 外生變量expansion paths 擴(kuò)展徑expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值explicit cost 顯性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部經(jīng)濟(jì)external diseconomy 外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)externalities 外部性Ffactor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市場(chǎng)factors of production 生產(chǎn)要素factor substitution 要素替代fall

11、acy of composition 合成謬誤final goods 最終產(chǎn)品first-degree price discrimination 第一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視first-order condition 一階條件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow 流量fluctuation 波動(dòng)for whom to produce 為誰(shuí)生產(chǎn)free entry 自由進(jìn)入free goods 自由品,免費(fèi)品free mobility of resources 資源自由流動(dòng)free

12、 rider 搭便車function 函數(shù)future value 未來值Ggame theory 博弈論general equilibrium 總體均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬商品Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之謎Gini coefficient 吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule 黃金規(guī)則government failure 政府失敗government regulation 政府調(diào)控Hheterogeneous product 異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hicks-kaldor welfare criterion ?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡?biāo)準(zhǔn)homogenei

13、ty 齊次性homogeneous demand function 齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneous product 同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneous production function 齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)how to produce 如何生產(chǎn)human capital 人力資本hypothesis 假說Iimperfect competion 不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)implicitcost 隱性成本income constraint 收入約束income consumption curve 收入消費(fèi)曲線income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效應(yīng)income ela

14、sticity of demand 需求收入彈性increasing cost industry 成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指數(shù)indifference 無(wú)差異indifference curve 無(wú)差異曲線indifference map 無(wú)差異族indifference relation 無(wú)差異關(guān)系indifference set 無(wú)差異集indirect approach 間接法individual analysis 個(gè)量分析induced variable 引致變量inel

15、astic 缺乏彈性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐點(diǎn)information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始條件initial endowment 初始稟賦innovation 創(chuàng)新input-output 投入-產(chǎn)出institution 制度institutional economics 制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)intermediate goods 中間產(chǎn)品internatization of externalities 外部性內(nèi)部化inverse demand function 逆需求函數(shù)invisible hand 看不見的手iso

16、cost line 等成本線,isoquant curve 等產(chǎn)量曲線Lleader-follower model 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者-跟隨者模型least-cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入組合leisure 閑暇Leontief production function 列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses 許可證linear demand function 線性需求函數(shù)long run長(zhǎng)期long run equilibrium 長(zhǎng)期均衡Lorenz curve 洛倫茲曲線loss minimization 損失極小化1ump sum tax 一次性征稅Mmarginal

17、 邊際的marginal benefit 邊際收益marginal cost 邊際成本邊際成本為成本變動(dòng)量除以產(chǎn)量變動(dòng)量,其代表的是一種變動(dòng)率,也就是產(chǎn)量增加一單位,所引起的成本變動(dòng)量;邊際成本與變動(dòng)成本的關(guān)系是,當(dāng)產(chǎn)量為零時(shí),變動(dòng)成本為零。marginal cost pricing 邊際成本定價(jià)marginal cost of factor 邊際要素成本marginal period 市場(chǎng)期marginal physical productivity 實(shí)際實(shí)物生產(chǎn)率marginal product 邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of capital 資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal

18、 product of 1abour 勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率marginal rate of substitution 邊替代率marginal rate of transformation 邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率marginal returns 邊際回報(bào)marginal revenue 邊際收益marginal revenue product 邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginal revolution 邊際革命marginal social benefit 社會(huì)邊際收益marginal social cost 社會(huì)邊際成本marginal utility 邊際效用m

19、arginal value products 邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品market clearance 市場(chǎng)出清market failure 市場(chǎng)失敗market mechanism 市場(chǎng)機(jī)制market structure 市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)market separation 市場(chǎng)分割market regulation 市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)market share 市場(chǎng)份額Marshallian demand function 馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization 極大化minimum wage 最低工資misallocation of resources 資源誤置mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟(jì)model 模型mon

20、opolistic competition 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)monopolistic exploitation 壟斷剝削monopoly 壟斷,賣方壟斷monopoly equilibrium 壟斷均衡monopoly pricing 壟斷定價(jià)monopoly regulation 壟斷調(diào)控monopoly rents 壟斷租金monopsony 買方壟斷NNash equilibrium 納什均衡Natural monopoly 自然壟斷Natural resources 自然資源net demand 凈需求nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非線性定價(jià)nonriv

21、alry 非對(duì)抗性nonprice competition 非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)nonsatiation 非飽和性non-zero-sum game 非零和對(duì)策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利潤(rùn)normative economics 規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Oobjective function 目標(biāo)函數(shù)oligopoly 寡頭壟斷oligopoly market 寡頭市場(chǎng)oligopoly model 寡頭模型opportunity cost 機(jī)會(huì)成本optimal choice 最佳選擇optimal consumption bundle 消費(fèi)束perfect elasticit

22、y 完全有彈性optimal resource allocation 最佳資源配置optimal scale 最佳規(guī)模optimal solution 最優(yōu)解optimization 優(yōu)化ordering of optimization(social preference (社會(huì)偏好排序output elasticity 產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化PPareto criterion 帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改進(jìn)Pareto optimality 帕累托優(yōu)化Pareto set 帕累托集p

23、ay off matrix 收益矩陣、支付矩陣perfect competition 完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)perfect complement 完全互補(bǔ)品perfect monopoly 完全壟斷perfect price discrimination 完全價(jià)格歧視perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全無(wú)彈性perfectly elastic 完全有彈性perfectly inelastic 完全無(wú)彈性plant size 工廠規(guī)模point elasticity 點(diǎn)彈性positive economics 實(shí)證經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)post Hoc Falla

24、cy 后此謬誤prediction 預(yù)測(cè)preference 偏好preference relation 偏好關(guān)系present value 現(xiàn)值price adjustment model 價(jià)格調(diào)整模型price ceiling 最高限價(jià)price consumption curve 價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線price control 價(jià)格管制price difference 價(jià)格差別price discrimination 價(jià)格歧視price elasticity of demand 需求價(jià)格彈性price elasticity of supply 供給價(jià)格彈性price floor 最低限價(jià)price

25、 maker 價(jià)格制定者price rigidity 價(jià)格剛性price seeker 價(jià)格搜求者price taker 價(jià)格接受者price tax 從價(jià)稅private benefit 私人收益principal-agent issues 委托-代理問題private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人財(cái)產(chǎn)producer equilibrium 生產(chǎn)者均衡producer theory 生產(chǎn)者理論product transformation curve 產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線product differentiation 產(chǎn)品差異produ

26、ct group 產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)production contract curve 生產(chǎn)契約曲線production efficiency 生產(chǎn)效率production function 生產(chǎn)函數(shù)production possibility curve 生產(chǎn)可能性曲線productivity 生產(chǎn)率productivity of capital 資本生產(chǎn)率productivity of labor 勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率profit function 利潤(rùn)函數(shù)profit maximization 利潤(rùn)極大化property rights 產(chǎn)權(quán)property rights economics 產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)pub

27、lic benefits 公共收益public choice 公共選擇public goods 公共商品pure competition 純粹競(jìng)爭(zhēng)rivalry 對(duì)抗性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)pure exchange 純交換pure monopoly 純粹壟斷Qquantity tax 從量稅quasi-rent 準(zhǔn)租金Rrate of product transformation 產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率rationality 理性reaction function 反應(yīng)函數(shù)relative price 相對(duì)價(jià)格rent 租金rent control 規(guī)模報(bào)酬rent seeking 尋租rent seeking eco

28、nomics 尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)resource allocation 資源配置returns to scale 規(guī)模報(bào)酬revealed preference 顯示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲線revenue function 收益函數(shù)revenue maximization 收益極大化risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ssatiation 飽和,滿足scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法則second-degree price discrimination 二級(jí)價(jià)格歧視service 勞務(wù)shadow prices 影子價(jià)格short-run 短期short-r

29、un cost curve 短期成本曲線 short-run equilibrium 短期均衡 short-run supply curve 短期供給曲線 shut down decision 關(guān)閉決策 shortage 短缺 shut down point 關(guān)閉點(diǎn) single price monopoly 單一定價(jià)壟斷 slope 斜率 social benefit 社會(huì)收益 social cost 社會(huì)成本 social indifference curve 社會(huì)無(wú)差異曲線 social preference 社會(huì)偏好 social security 社會(huì)保障 social welfare function 社會(huì)福利函數(shù) static analysis 靜態(tài)分析 stock 存量 strategy 策略 subsidy 津貼 substitutes 替代品 subs