模塊四U1 Grammar Modal verbs 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、Unit 6 Grammar直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) 直接引用別人的話叫直接引用別人的話叫_，用自，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫_。間接引。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成_從句；直接引從句；直接引語(yǔ)前后加語(yǔ)前后加_，間接引語(yǔ)不必加。，間接引語(yǔ)不必加。直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) 直接引用別人的話叫直接引用別人的話叫直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)，用，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)。間。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句；直從句；直接引語(yǔ)前后加接引語(yǔ)前后加引號(hào)引號(hào)，間接引

2、語(yǔ)不必加。，間接引語(yǔ)不必加。Review賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從從句句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞語(yǔ)序：語(yǔ)序：時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)：thatif/whether疑問(wèn)詞陳述語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句可以是需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。從句如果描述的是客觀真理、科學(xué)理論等則永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。陳述句一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” 直接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”直接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)： She s

3、aid, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”間接引語(yǔ)：間接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”間接引語(yǔ)：間接引語(yǔ)： She said that her brothers name was Tom. 直接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”間接引語(yǔ)：間接引語(yǔ)：

4、She said that her brothers name was Tom. He asked me where I lived.人稱的變化人稱的變化一一隨隨主主二隨賓二隨賓三三不不變變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保句主語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后去人稱在變間引后去人稱不變稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,

5、“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted help him.一隨主，二隨賓，三不變一隨主，二隨賓，三不變 “一隨主一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如：句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如： She said.

6、My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.The boy said ,” Im reading a book.”Direct speech 直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) The boy said (that) he was reading a book.Reported speech間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ).“二隨賓二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱或被若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人

7、稱要跟引第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，如：如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人稱不更新第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化人稱一般不需要變化如：如： Mr.

8、Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said

9、 _was a good student4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermy一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變不變一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Ex:. John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” Joh

10、n said that he _ reading adventure stories. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” She told me that she _ my CD player. He said, “Ill come here this morning.” He said he_ go there that morning. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _ his homework. . He said, “they are playing g

11、ames over there?” He said that they_ playing games over there.likedhad brokenwouldhad finishedwere指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞直接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞come在間接引語(yǔ)中用在間接引語(yǔ)中用go:直接引語(yǔ)中的指示代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：直接引語(yǔ)中的指示代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：this變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hat; these變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hose本來(lái)就是本來(lái)就是that/those則不變。則不變。 4. 若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用接引語(yǔ)

12、時(shí)要用_語(yǔ)序，而且要加連語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞詞_或或_。如：。如： 4. 若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： 4. 若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” 4. 若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用接引

13、語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her. 4. 若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?”

14、 She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?” 4. 若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” She asked her mother if/whether she could go sh

15、opping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?” He asked me if/whether I would have a test on Thursday. 5. 若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)就要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞，而且要用語(yǔ)就要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞，而且要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：語(yǔ)序。如： 5. 若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)就要使用語(yǔ)就要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：語(yǔ)序。如： “How much money do

16、 you spend on books?” he asked me. 5. 若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)就要使用語(yǔ)就要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：語(yǔ)序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on books. 5. 若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)就要使用語(yǔ)就要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：語(yǔ)序。如： “How mu

17、ch money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on books. “What is your uncle?” he asked me. 5. 若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)就要使用語(yǔ)就要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：語(yǔ)序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on boo

18、ks. “What is your uncle?” he asked me. He asked me what my uncle was. 6. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)要改為要改為tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把動(dòng)詞原形變成的句型。也就是把動(dòng)詞原形變成，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用tell, ask, order等動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)。如果祈使句是否定等動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)。如果祈使句是否定式，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加式，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。如：。如： 6. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)

19、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)要改為要改為tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把動(dòng)詞原形變成的句型。也就是把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用tell, ask, order等動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)。如果祈使句是否定等動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)。如果祈使句是否定式，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加式，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。如：。如： The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman said to th

20、e children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. My mother said to me, “Please come and help

21、me.” The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. My mother said to me, “Please come and help me.” My mother asked me to go and help her.1. 直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，如與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間如與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間(如如1991,l

22、ast week)連用，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。連用，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。My father said to me, “I read the book in 1986.”My father told me he read the book in 1986.2. 直接引語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思是直接引語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思是客觀真理客觀真理時(shí)，時(shí)，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變時(shí)態(tài)不變。The geography teacher said to us, , “The earth goes around the sun.”The geography teacher told us that the e

23、arth goes around the sun.Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative s

24、entences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifwh-wordsWhat words can be used to report statements, questions,

25、and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifwh-wordsWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?reporting verb引語(yǔ)詞（如： tell/ask/order/beg.）+ O + (not) + to do1. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had

26、seen her the week _.2. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there3. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.4. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 5. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew w

27、here she _.6. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.7. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ him the news. 8. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.ifaskedtoldbeforeshecouldwherehowhadihadthoselivediifstoptot

28、oldtonotaskedtellifthatMike said that he didnt think he would be able to finish it in time.He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever seen.把下列句子改為間接引語(yǔ)把下列句子改為間接引語(yǔ) 2. “Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen,” he told his friend. 1. “I dont think I will be able to finish

29、it in time,” Mike said. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?” 3. The doctor said to the patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next day. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?

30、” 3. The doctor said to the patiet, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next day. My mother asked if my rotten tooth had been pulled out. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?” 3. The doctor said to the

31、patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. 5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother. 5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother. Brown asked his younger brother how he would go to the park.Read the advertisement and complete the letter on P

32、age 9.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _waswould behad readthatwouldhad boughtthatwouldthoseherRead Part A on Page 11 and practise reporting questions using whether/if or wh-words.Answers:2. Wang Qin _ _.3. Lu Kai _ _.asked how it could help him remember English words.asked whe

33、ther/if it taught listening and speaking 4. Liu Fang _ _ _.5. Gu Jin _ _.asked what the designerwould do if she was not satisfiedwith the softwareasked whether/if it was easyto useRead the advertising tips Part A on Page 11 and report each of them to your boss.Answers:2. The expert encourages us to

34、_.3. The expert recommends that _.use interesting and attractive photoswe (should) use eye-catching logos4. The expert suggests that _ _ _.5. The expert tells us to _ _.we (should)make the slogans short and easymake good useof colours to attract peoples attentionto remember1. your tomorrow 2. I did last I havent 3. Have you had/Did you have 4. I finished yesterday5. am going6. Will co