第6章136過程封裝-函數(shù)

1、類型標識符類型標識符 函數(shù)名（形式參數(shù)表）函數(shù)名（形式參數(shù)表） 變量定義部分變量定義部分 語句部分語句部分 return 返回值；返回值； 或或 return（返回值）；（返回值）；eg. int max(int a, int b) if (ab) return(a) else return(b); 函數(shù)體函數(shù)體 * * * * *void printstar() cout “ *n”; cout “ *n”; cout “ *n”; cout “ *n”; cout “*n”;void printstar(int numOfLine) int i , j; for (i = 1; i = n

2、umOfLine; +i) cout endl; for (j = 1; j = numOfLine - i; +j) cout ; for (j = 1; j = 2 * i - 1; +j) cout “*”; int p(int n) int s=1, i; if (n 0) return(0); for (i = 1; i = n; +i) s *= i; return(s); bool IsLeapYear(int year) bool leapyear; leapyear = (year %4 = 0) &(year % 100 != 0) | (year % 400 = 0);

3、return (leapyear);#include int max(int a, int b); main() int x, y; cin x y; cout b) return(a); else return(b); 函數(shù)原型說明函數(shù)原型說明函數(shù)調用函數(shù)調用函數(shù)實現(xiàn)函數(shù)實現(xiàn)#include int max(int a, int b) if (a b) return(a); else return(b); main() int x, y; cin x y; cout x y; cout max(x, y);int p( int n ) int s =1, i; if (n 0) return

4、(0); for (i=1;in2? n1: n2); mainx(2)y(3)mainx(2)y(3)maxa(2)b(3)n1n2mainx(2)y(3)maxa(2)b(3)n1n2pn(2)simainx(2)y(3)maxa(2)b(3)n1(2)n2pn(3)simainx(2)y(3)maxa(2)b(3)n1(2)n2(6)mainx(2)y(3)注意：形式參數(shù)是注意：形式參數(shù)是數(shù)組，實際參數(shù)也數(shù)組，實際參數(shù)也是一個數(shù)組是一個數(shù)組Int main(void) int a = 2, b = 3; cout a b; int a = 4; cout a b; cout a b;in

5、t p = 1, q = 5， r=3;int f1() int p = 3, r = 2; q=p+q+r; cout “f1: p,q,r=“ p q r; int f2() p=p+q+r; cout “f2: p,q,r=“ p q r“ p q r; int f3() int q; r = 2*r; q=r+p; cout “f3: p,q,r=“ p q r; main()f3(); cout “after f3: p,q,r=” p q r” p q r; f1(); cout “after f1: p,q,r=“ p q r; f2(); cout “after f2: p,q

6、,r=” p q r” p q r; 結果：結果： f3: p,q,r=1 7 6 after f3: p,q,r=1 5 6 f1: p,q,r=3 10 2 after f1:p,q,r=1 10 6 f2: p,q,r=17 10 6 after f2: p,q,r=17 10 6 /file1.cpp#include using namespace std;void f();extern int x; /外部變量的聲明外部變量的聲明int main() f(); cout in main(): x= “ x endl; return 0;/file2.cpp#include using

7、 namespace std;int x; /全局變量的定義全局變量的定義void f() cout in f(): x= “ x endl; eg. int f(int a) int b=0; static int c=3; b=b+1; c=c+1; return(a+b+c); void main() int a=2,i; for (i=0; i3; +i) cout f(a); 運行結果為：運行結果為：7 8 9 void a();void b();void c();void d();main() int x=6; cout “x in main is “ x endl; a(); b

8、(); c(); d(x); x+; a(); b(); c(); d(x); cout “x in main is ” x endl; void a()int x=25; cout “x in a is ” x endl; void b()static int x=50; cout “x in b is ” x+ endl; void c() extern int x; x*=10; cout “x in c is ” x endl; int x=2; void d(int x) cout “x in d is ” +x endl; 結果：結果： x in main is 6 x in a

9、is 25 x in b is 50 x in c is 20 x in d is 7 x in a is 25 x in b is 51 x in c 200 x in d is 8 x in main is 7 基本情況基本情況n!=1*2*3*4*(n-1)*n(n-1)!遞歸形式：遞歸形式：其他)!1(*01!nnnn遞歸終止條件遞歸終止條件long p(int n) if (n = 0) return 1; else return n * p(n-1); 00112132435568其他)2() 1(1100)(nFnFnnnFint f(int n)if (n=0) return

10、0; elseif (n=1) return 1; else return (f(n-1)+f(n-2); ) 1()!1() 1 , 0(1!nnnnn求求p(4) 1)0(*1)1(*2)2(*3)3(*4)4(ppppp遞歸過程回溯消耗的時間：執(zhí)消耗的時間：執(zhí)行行n n次加法和次加法和3n3n次次賦值！賦值！120191817221323130322333629423343528524252627678910Void fill( int number, int begin, int size) int i, row = begin, col = begin; if (size = 0)

11、return; if (size = 1) pbeginbegin = number; return; prowcol = number; +number; for (i=0; isize-1; +i) +row; prowcol = number; +number; for (i=0; isize-1; +i) +col; prowcol = number; +number; for (i=0; isize-1; +i) -row; prowcol = number; +number; for (i=0; isize-2; +i) -col; prowcol = number; +numbe

12、r; fill( number, begin+1, size-2 );目標：將A上的盤子全部移到B上規(guī)則：每次只能移動一個盤子不允許大盤子放在小盤子上 A B CVoid PermuteWithFixedPrefix (char str , int k) int i; if ( k = strlen(str) ) cout str endl; else for (i=k; istrlen(str); +i) swap(str, k, i); PermuteWithFixedPrefix (str, k+1); swap(str, k, i); void queen_a11(int k) /在在

13、8x8棋盤的第棋盤的第k列上找合理的配置列上找合理的配置int i, j; char awn; for(i = 1; i 9; i+) / 依次在依次在l至至8行上配置行上配置k列的皇后列的皇后 if ( ai & bk+i-1 & c8+k-i) /可行位置可行位置 colk = i; ai = bk+i-1 = c8+k-i = false; /置對應位置有皇后置對應位置有皇后 if (k = 8) / 找到一個可行解找到一個可行解 for (j = 1; j = 8; j+) cout j “:”colj t ; cout awn; if (awn=Q | awn=q) exit(0);

14、 else queen_a11(k+1);/遞歸至第遞歸至第k十十1列列 ai = bk+i-1 = c8+k-i = true; /恢復對應位置無皇后恢復對應位置無皇后 NAAA,.,2112,.,NA AA12,.,NA AAjikkAInt maxSum(int a , int left, int right ) int maxLeft, maxRight, center; int leftSum = 0, rightSum = 0; int maxLeftTmp = NEGMAX, maxRightTmp = NEGMAX; center = ( left + right ) / 2;

15、 if ( left = right ) return aleft 0 ? aleft : 0; maxLeft = maxSum(a, left, center); maxRight = maxSum(a, center + 1, right); for (int i = center; i = left; -i) leftSum += ai; if (leftSum maxLeftTmp) maxLeftTmp = leftSum; for (int i = center + 1; i maxRightTmp) maxRightTmp = rightSum; return max3(max

16、Left, maxRight, maxLeftTmp + maxRightTmp)owhigh123045768901324576801234576890123456785730421968lowhighK=5730421968lowhighK=5730421968lowhigh173042968lowhigh130427968lowhigh123047968lowhighint coin(int k) int i, tmp, int coinNum = k; if （能用一個硬幣找零）（能用一個硬幣找零） return 1; for (i=1; ik; +i) if (tmp = coin(i) + coin(k-i) coinNum) coinNum = tmp; return coinNum;void makechange( int coins , int differentCoins, int maxChange, int coinUsed ) coinUsed0 = 0; for (int cents = 1; cents = m