閱讀理解簡答題升級訓(xùn)練1

1、 源于名校，成就所托Overview教案撰稿人蘇濤完稿時間2013-6-25審核人審核時間課程進(jìn)度第 次課課程標(biāo)題閱讀理解簡答題的升級訓(xùn)練1學(xué)生對象： (新)高一學(xué)情分析“簡答題”是閱讀理解中唯一主觀性題型，也是考察學(xué)生對文章信息收集、分析、整理最全面、難度最高的題型。相比中考解題思路，高中則更偏重理解性總結(jié)、歸納能力的考察，文章閱讀量和題目設(shè)置難度上都上升很多，需要引起學(xué)生的重視教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 通過初高中簡答題的解題練習(xí)，有效體驗難度的差異2. 同時，初步掌握高中此類題型解答的思路和方法教學(xué)重點1.高中閱讀理解簡單題的解題體驗及技巧接觸教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)1.初中簡答題熱身練習(xí)2.高中簡答題的初步接觸與嘗

2、試性練筆Warm-up單詞記憶法五：五馬分尸法(折分法)五馬分尸法的優(yōu)點： 適合把大單詞分成小單詞聯(lián)合起來記憶 舉例：legislate立法 拆分助記：leg腿，is是，late遲。為腿(1eg)立法總是(is)太遲(1ate)1together一起，共同 拆分助記：to為了，get得到，her她的心，必須經(jīng)常和她在一起。2carpet地毯 - 拆分助記：car小汽車，pet寵物。車(car)上有寵物(pet)，要保持衛(wèi)生是要鋪地毯的。3hijack劫持，劫機，綁架 - 喜歡用hi打招呼的人要注意了，如果你在飛機上遇到名叫Jack的朋友， 千萬不要喊：Hi，Jack!乘客會誤以為你劫機，會把你

3、當(dāng)成恐怖分子的。 jack of all trades什么都懂點，雜而不精的人4candidate候選人 拆分助記：can能，did是do的過去式，ate是吃的過去式。中國有句話叫做，廉頗老 矣,尚能飯否?別看我廉頗老矣，我不僅過去 (did)吃(ate)，現(xiàn)在也can 吃(ate)，這次出征大將軍，我一定是候選人。 5heritage遺產(chǎn)財產(chǎn) 拆分助記：her她，it它,age年紀(jì)。不管是她(her)還是它(it)，只要上了年紀(jì)(age) 總有一些財產(chǎn)留讓后輩繼承(inherit)。 inherit v繼承6kidnap綁架誘拐 拆分助記：kid小孩，nap打盹。小孩子(kid)貪玩貪吃，吃

4、了壞人下了藥的食物就打 瞌睡(nap)被綁架。7vegetable 蔬菜植物人 拆分助記：ve維生素E，able可以，get獲得。維E(ve)可以(able)從蔬菜(vegetable) 中獲得(get)。8manage設(shè)法管理 拆分助記：man男人age年紀(jì)。男人(man)上了年紀(jì)(age)年紀(jì)，就想擺架子當(dāng)老大 管人。男人上了年紀(jì)就想做管理。9. costume服裝戲服 拆分助記：cost花費，U你，me我。服裝(costume)可真是花費(cost)你(u)我 (me)的錢啊。10tenant n租房人，房客；V租拆分助記：ten l0，ant螞蟻。10(ten)只螞蟻(ant)做房客。

5、111egend傳奇拆分助記：leg腿end終點。一條腿(1eg)跑到終點(end)還不夠傳奇嗎?12innocent清白的，無罪的，天真的拆分助記：in里110沒有，cent美分。已經(jīng)到了口袋里(in)沒有(no)一分錢(cent) 的地步還不夠清白嗎?13campus校園拆分助記：camp營地，US我們。學(xué)生軍訓(xùn)營地(camp)設(shè)在我們(us)校園(campus)里。14forget忘記拆分助記：for為了，get得到。為了(for)得到(get)新的，必須忘記(forget)舊的。單詞記憶法六：象形詞串燒法1feed，breed，deed，indeed，need，reed，seed一相同

6、點：eed串燒助記：Feed(喂)breed(養(yǎng))deed(行為)indeed(確實)need(需要)reed(蘆葦)seed(種子)。2team，beam，seam一相同點：earn串燒助記：隊(team)里的橫梁(beam)有裂縫(seam)。3cheat，wheat，heat，eat一相同點：eat串燒助記：Cheat(騙子)的wheat(小麥)加heat(熱)才能eat(吃)。4 brittle，battle，kettle，little，settle，cattle一相同點：ttle串燒助記：瓶子(bottle)易碎(brittle)因戰(zhàn)斗(battle)，J!鴦(kettle)雖小(1

7、ittle)安頓(settle)牲口(cattle)。5best，pest，：test，west，lest，test，vest，rest一相同點：est串燒助記：最好(best)害蟲(pest)筑巢(nest)西(west)，惟恐(1est)測試(test)馬甲(vest)余(rest)。6simulate，stimulate，formulate，form，accumulate一相同點：mulate串燒助記：冒充(simulate)是模擬(simulate)加t成刺激(stimulate)，規(guī)劃(formulate)是形式(form)，添加(ac)成累積(accumulate)。7 strea

8、m，steam，se劫m，cream，se'eaFfl一相同點：earn串燒助記：小河(stream)蒸汽(steam)縫隙(seam)飄，有屎(s諧音)奶油(cream)要尖叫(scream)。8farm，firm，from，foam，form一相同點：f，m串燒助記：農(nóng)場(farm)堅硬(firm)公司(firm)，來自(from)泡沫(foam)形式 (form)。9cock，sock，mock，rock，dock一相同點：ck串燒助記：公雞(cock)穿著短襪(sock)走，嘲笑(mock)巖石(rock)鎖(1ock)碼頭(dock)。10nap，cap，tap，map，la

9、p，gap一相同點：ap串燒助記：打盹(nap)帽子(cap)輕輕叩(tap)，地圖(map)大腿(1ap)生裂口(gap)。11bid，bud，bad，bed一相同點：b，d串燒助記：投標(biāo)(bid)一張發(fā)芽(bud)的壞(bad)床(bed)。Presentation 1 初中閱讀理解簡答題回顧抓住提問中的關(guān)鍵字眼，仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的材料內(nèi)容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加歸納就可以找到正確答案。原文、問題相比較，重要性最高的是問題！其次是原文！失分總結(jié)：關(guān)鍵字在原文的位置找錯； 是原文信息,但是不是題目要求的內(nèi)容； 書寫語法詞法錯誤； 與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似,只是在程度上有些變動。例題解說1

10、、How would you like to live in a land where the sun shines day and night? There are places in the polar regions where , for months, the sun never sets! This is known as the land of the Midnight Sun. This period of sunlight can last up to six months。 This happens because the Earth tilts(傾斜)。When the

11、North Pole is tilted towards the sun, it has constant（不斷）daylight. At that same time, the South Pole is tilted away from the sun.It is in darkness.Why can we see the Midnight Sun? _2、Every year, thousands of students choose to study in another country for a term, the summer, or a year, Studying over

12、seas（在國外）can be an exciting experience for many people.Where can studying bring many people an exciting experience?_ 3、Many people think that Sydney is one of the most attractive cities in the world. It has many tall and modern buildings. Among them, Centrepoint Tower is the tallest. Standing on the

13、 305-metre tower, you will have a great view of the city.How tall is Centrepoint Tower ? （將原文中的形容詞305-metre改寫） _ 4、Mr Green, an English teacher who is working in China will take an “11 days of China Grand Tour”. The price is $1270 a person. He can see different kinds of scenery during the trip. Hell

14、 visit two important cities of China-Beijing and Shanghai.How long will Mr Green spend on the trip ?（錯點在于;照抄原文沒加介詞for）_5、In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper.In 1704,John Campbell started

15、the Boston Newsletter, the first newspaper published daily in America. By 1760,America had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1800 daily papers in the USA.How many more newspapers are there in America now than that in 1760 ?_6、Have you ever heard of a girl of 15, who set up a com

16、pany of her own? Wendy Wong is the girl. She started the business two years ago. She has already written several successful computer games. They are so popular that over half a million games are sold every year.When did Wendy Wong start the business? (勿忘At the age of)_ 7、Now some diseases cant be cu

17、red, but they may be cured sometime in the future. So some people hope that their bodies can be frozen after they die. When a cure is found, warm up his or her body, bring it back to life and take the cure. Once the body is frozen, it is kept in liquid nitrogen(液態(tài)氮) at a temperature of 328 degrees b

18、elow zero. Now around a thousand people are going to take cryogenic treatment(處理), though most scientists say it wont work. If we freeze huge creatures(生物) like humans, every one of their cells(細(xì)胞) will be broken. Can they be brought back to life in the future? How do scientists usually keep a dead

19、mans body?_8、So I cant really answer the question about spectator sports. But the question about favourite participant sport is easy. The answer is surprising. It isnt football or tennis or any games with a ball. To give you a clue, it begins with “w”, its cheap , there s no special equipment and ev

20、erybody in Britain does it. The answer is walking. And the second favourite? Swimming.Whats Britains favourite participant sport?_ 9、This happened to one man. He was in hospital, but he was not getting well. Then he found a new “doctor” inside himself. This “doctor” was his own sense of humor. He sa

21、w funny films. He read funny books. And something wonderful happened. Laughing took away his pain. Then he was able to sleep and rest. His own happy feeling helped him to feel well again. He said laughing was his best “medicine”. His doctor thought so, too.Another man was ill, and he had a terrible

22、pain in his back. The doctors could not stop it from hurting. So the man began to “Picture” his pain. In his head he “drew” a picture of a dog. He imagined it as a real dog. And he made friends with the dog. And his pain went away!Who made the second patient well again? 10、During the summer holidays

23、 there will be a new schedule (時間表).Changes for meal and library service hours and for bus schedules will be shown on the wall outside the dining room. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being made, will be shown each Wednesday outside the library.Buses to the town center will leave the No

24、rth Beijing every hour on the half during the day. The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. during the weekdays and two meals from noon to 7:00p.m on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the weekdays, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sunda

25、ys. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m.Which schedule is not ready?_ 11、When in doubt (疑問)  look it up in the "Encyclopedia Britannica". From the 18th century to the early 20th century, articles in Britannica were long and hard to understand. It soon became the favourite ency

26、clopedia of scholars (學(xué)者). But later, more and more common people began to use "Britannica". So the articles became shorter and easier to read. "Encyclopedia Britannica" is not easy to understand now, is it?    Review PracticeAIn many western schools, sports day is a bi

27、g event. Children take part in competitive sports,trying to break school records and take the first place. Sports days, or sports meets, are usually heldin the warmer seasons, either at the beginning or the end of the school year. They are also calledfield.Primary school sports days are fun. They us

28、ually have activities such as the egg and spoon race and the sack race. Other events include .the skipping race (跳繩) and the three-legged race. In middle and high schools, sports days include many of the common track and field events. They are more serious and competitive than primary school ones.St

29、udents' parents and other relatives also *ome to the school on sports days. They watch children play. Many schools in the west have "mothers and fathers" race for parents to take part in!Although sports days are exciting, they also have some problems. According to some reports in the U

30、S, sports days have become too competitive to be good for students. Some parents put too much pressure on their children. Some schools don't have "mothers and fathers" races any more as there is much fighting and cheating. 1. What do children try to do when they take part in sports mee

31、ts?They try to break school records and take the first place._2. When are the sports days usually held in the school year?Sports days are usually held in the warmer seasons._3. What do people think of primary school sports days?People think primary school sports days are fun._4. Sports in primary sc

32、hools are not as serious and competitive as in middle and high schools, are they?No, they arent._5 Who would come to the school to watch children play on sports days?Students parents and other relatives._6. Why don't some schools have "mothers and fathers" races any more?Because there

33、is much fighting and cheating._7. What does the writer think about sports days?The writer thinks sports are exciting , but they also have problems._BNow and then we all get ill. Then we usually go to see a doctor. Doctors know a lot about what makes us ill. They may give us something to take. The me

34、dicine often makes us well again.But sometimes the doctor's medicine doesn't work. A sick person does not get well. The pain will not go away. This happened to one man. He was in hospital, but he was not getting well. Then he found a new "doctor" inside himself. This "doctor&q

35、uot; was his own sense of humor (幽默感). He saw funny films. He read funny books. And something wonderful happened. Laughing took away his pain. Then he was able to sleep and rest. His own happy feeling helped him to fell well again. He said laughing was his best "medicine". His doctor thoug

36、ht so, too.Another man was ill, and he had a terrible pain in his back. The doctors could not stop it from hurting. So the man began to "Picture" his pain. In his head he "drew" a picture of a dog. He imagined it as a real dog. And he made friends with the dog. And his pain went

37、away!These stories may surprise you. But more and more people are getting well in this way. So visit the "doctor" inside your own head and you can stay happy and well. 1. Does medicine always work? No, it doesnt.2. Who is the first sick man's new "doctor"?His own sense of hum

38、or.3. Who made the second patient well again, the doctor or the "dog" in his head? The “dog” in his head.4. Why does the writer ask us to visit the "doctor" inside our head? We can stay happy and well.5. What can you learn from this story? Sometimes a patient can help himself in

39、his own way./To stay happy is a good way for people to keep healthy.Presentation 2認(rèn)識高中閱讀理解簡答題從2010年開始，上海英語高考閱讀理解推出了一種新題型。真題再現(xiàn)Section DDirections：Read the passages carefully. Then answer the question or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Phys ed (physical education) is making a come

40、back as a part of the school core curriculum(核心課程)， but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build

41、 physical endurance. In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In

42、 many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlbe

43、rg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the

44、University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted

45、in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench. Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches sells that translate to

46、 adulthood.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. In the new P.E. program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than learning how to climb a rope.82. As for P.E., some school boards either cutting it en

47、tirely or decreasing its teachers or time.83. What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?less overall movement and students' quitting playing after graduation.84. What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?It can give children a physically active life.分析題型：在閱讀300字左右的一段

48、文字后，回答4個與之相關(guān)的問題，分值為8分。該題考核學(xué)生綜合運用語言的能力，要求考生在讀懂原文的基礎(chǔ)上，用筆頭表達(dá)出對原文中各種信息的理解，并且對字?jǐn)?shù)有一定的限制要求。解題步驟：第一步，快速瀏覽文章(skimming)，把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及主旨大意。2010高考閱讀簡答題是一篇關(guān)于“美國體育教育”的新聞報道，通過快速瀏覽可知，首段為主題段，主要講“Phys ED is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum, but with a difference?！苯又螄@主題，講到了現(xiàn)存問題的成因和體育教育革新的益處。 第

49、二步，仔細(xì)閱讀四個問題 ，并帶著問題到原文中尋找相關(guān)的信息(scanning)。81題中根據(jù)lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance等詞可以清楚地知道答題信息在首段中間部分，而rather than 和文章中的instead of 表達(dá)的是同一個意思，因此learn how to climb a rope作為答案就顯而易見了。同理，從82題中的school boards可知，答案在第二段的中間部分。83題中，two problems with teaching group sports 明確告訴考生存在兩個pr

50、oblems，當(dāng)最后一段的首句出現(xiàn)“Another problem with teaching group sports”時，敏銳的學(xué)生立刻意識到除了該句之外，上文還應(yīng)該談到另一個problem: “teaching sports like football result in less overall movement”。對84題而言，確定信息的位置具有一定的難度，因為問句中沒有出現(xiàn)與文章高度相關(guān)的詞匯。但從long-term benefit可推測出“益處”不僅在學(xué)校時，而且可以在畢業(yè)之后。由此，可知答案在尾段最后處。 第三步，就問題所對應(yīng)的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，重組語言，并注意所規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)

51、要求。這是區(qū)別于閱讀選擇題的最大不同，是該題型的解題關(guān)鍵，也是學(xué)生最不善把握的地方。其實，只要有扎實的英語基本功和掌握一定的技巧，這些問題也能迎刃而解。 回答技巧首先，在組織語句時，要遵循保留主干(核心詞)，去掉枝葉(修飾部分)的基本原則。例如82題，原文中的材料為“school boards often put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered?！比绻粘瞻犸@然是不行的。分析題目，發(fā)現(xiàn)either一詞，可以想到eithero

52、r的聯(lián)系，由此，可以去掉“put PE on the chopping block”部分，填入cut it entirely or decrease its teachers or the days it is offered。再去掉修飾用的定語從句it is offered, 正好滿足了10個詞的答題要求。 其次，盡量用詞或短語來代替句子，用簡單句來代替復(fù)合句，學(xué)會英語表達(dá)中的同義詞代替和不同詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換。83題就是考察考生能否靈活運用的典型題目。通過對題目“what are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?”的分析，wha

53、t的提問可以用名詞來回答，而two problems 可以采用A and B 的方式來回答。從句子teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement不難找出A= less overall movement. 但對B的歸納則有相當(dāng)?shù)碾y度。“Only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school” 是一個較長的句子，先考慮把它轉(zhuǎn)化為動名詞形式studentscontinuing playing sp

54、orts/studentsplaying sports. 因字?jǐn)?shù)限制，還需考慮其他濃縮成分的方法，only a tiny percentage of 用近義詞few代替；graduating from high school 用其名詞形式graduation替代。至此，該句子可 以 用few studentsplaying sports after graduation/studentsstopping playing sports after graduation等結(jié)構(gòu)表示B。A and B正好滿足了字?jǐn)?shù)的要求。84題的解答需要一定的技能，What is the long-term bene

55、fit of the new P.E program? 如果用復(fù)合句The long-term benefit of the new P.E. program is that 的形式顯然達(dá)不到題目的要求。這時，只需要用that這個表語從句中所包含的簡單句就可以了。而根據(jù)題意要求，長遠(yuǎn)的益處應(yīng)該是所學(xué)的技能能夠能延續(xù)至成年，因此答案可以為The skills learned can translate to adulthood. 最后，注意拼寫和語法的準(zhǔn)確。如81題中，rather than 后應(yīng)該跟動詞原形，而文章中的instead of 后接的是動名詞，千萬不可混淆；82題中要求寫出的是句子的謂語，而文中該部分卻是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，不能不假思索，一抄了之。 例題精講A(2011高考真題)Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flo