_Grammar-動名詞

1、M5U1Grammar（2）Gerund動名詞動名詞1.動名詞的定義和特點動名詞的定義和特點1.具有動詞的性質(zhì)（特點）具有動詞的性質(zhì)（特點）2.但是作名詞用但是作名詞用動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式。非謂語動詞形式。性性質(zhì)質(zhì)主主語語賓賓語語表表語語賓賓補補定定語語狀狀語語動名動名詞詞n.2，動名詞能在句中充當什么成分？，動名詞能在句中充當什么成分？3.動名詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成：動名詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成： 時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)一般時一般時 完成時完成時 主動式主動式（not) v-ing (not) having+ done 被動式被動式 (no

2、t) being+done (not)having+ been+done 1. 動名詞作主語：動名詞作主語：動名詞作主語表示經(jīng)常，習慣性，抽象的多次的動作和行為動名詞作主語表示經(jīng)常，習慣性，抽象的多次的動作和行為e.g.: Its rather tiring walking around in a city. Seeing is believing.Learning without practice is no good.Playing fire is dangerous. 4.動名詞的基本用法動名詞的基本用法注意：注意：動名詞做主語，有時先用動名詞做主語，有時先用it作形式主語，作形式主語，

3、把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習慣句型中常把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習慣句型中常用。用。 1)It is no use/ good / useless + doing2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 4）“There is no doing” 表示表示“沒法沒法”在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。 Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水難收）覆水難收）There is no joking about the matter. It is fun playing with c

4、hildren. 2. 動名詞做動名詞做賓語賓語：a a. . 常帶動名詞作賓語的動詞常帶動名詞作賓語的動詞 imagine / consider / delay / mind / miss / imagine / consider / delay / mind / miss / enjoy / dislike / admit / practice / suggest / enjoy / dislike / admit / practice / suggest / keep / advise / allow / avoid / appreciate / keep / advise / allo

5、w / avoid / appreciate / risk / finish / escape + risk / finish / escape + doingdoing為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：后跟后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：的動詞的順口溜：避免，錯過，（少）延期避免，錯過，（少）延期建議，完成，（多）練習建議，完成，（多）練習喜歡，想象，禁不住喜歡，想象，禁不住承認，否定，（又）妒忌承認，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒險，（多）原諒逃避，冒險，（多）原諒忍受，保持，（不）介意忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid, miss, postpone/put offsuggest,

6、 finish, practiceenjoy, imagine, cant helpadmit, deny, envyescape, risk, excusestand, keep, mindbe used to doing 習慣于做習慣于做; look forward to doing 盼望做盼望做; devote ones life to doing 致力于做致力于做; spend time (in) doing 花時間做花時間做; be fond of doing 喜愛做喜愛做; be good at doing 擅長做擅長做; be proud of doing 為做為做而自豪而自豪;

7、 be tired of doing 對做對做感到厭倦感到厭倦; b. 后接動名詞的一些詞組后接動名詞的一些詞組feel like doing 欲想做欲想做;lead to 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致; insist on 堅持要做堅持要做; object 反對反對; succeed/be successful in 成功地做了成功地做了go on doing 繼續(xù)做繼續(xù)做(原來的事原來的事); keep on doing 不停地做不停地做;what about doing 做做怎么樣怎么樣;作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語 think of doing 考慮做考慮做; be interested in doing 對

8、做對做感興趣感興趣; have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困難做某事有困難; be busy (in) doing 忙于做忙于做; instead of doing 做做而不做而不做I I could not help _ (overhearcould not help _ (overhear無無意聽到意聽到) what you were saying.) what you were saying.I canI cant help _(clean )the house t help _(clean )the house because Ibe

9、cause Im busy preparing the test.m busy preparing the test.-Do you feel like _ there or shall we take a -Do you feel like _ there or shall we take a bus?bus? -Since there isn -Since there isnt much time_, It much time_, Id like _ a d like _ a taxitaxiA. walking, leaving, taking A. walking, leaving,

10、taking B. to walk, leaving, taking B. to walk, leaving, taking C. to walk, leaving, to take C. to walk, leaving, to take D. walking, left, to takeD. walking, left, to takeoverhearingoverhearing( (to) cleanto) clean05年江蘇卷年江蘇卷No.23Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _

11、 jokes.A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up06年北京卷年北京卷No.35.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop A.D. To work; to stop上海卷上海卷No.32He got well-prepared for the job interview,

12、 for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost江蘇卷江蘇卷N0.32- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.- My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been c. c. 能帶不定式或動名詞作賓語能帶不定式或動名詞作賓語, , 意義無多大區(qū)別

13、意義無多大區(qū)別, ,通常用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性通常用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性, , 用不定式則表用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作示特定或具體某一種動作: : like(love / prefer) / like(love / prefer) / start / begin / continue / hate / start / begin / continue / hate / I like swimming very much, but I dont like to swim now.1remember/forget/ regretto do動作尚未發(fā)生動作尚未發(fā)生doing 動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生

14、動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生2. try to do 設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力doing 試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）3. mean to do 打算做（主語一般是人）打算做（主語一般是人）doing 意味著（主語一般是物）意味著（主語一般是物）4.regretto do對將要做的事抱歉對將要做的事抱歉doing 對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔d. d. 能帶不定式或動名詞作賓語能帶不定式或動名詞作賓語, ,但意義區(qū)別較大的動詞但意義區(qū)別較大的動詞及詞組及詞組: :remember / forget / regret / try / mean / go onrem

15、ember / forget / regret / try / mean / go on5）.表示表示 “值得、需要值得、需要”的動詞的動詞 deserve, be worth, want, need, require 后接后接-ing形式時，主動形式表被動意義。其意義形式時，主動形式表被動意義。其意義相當于不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。相當于不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。 These desks need repairing. =These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examining. =The patient required to be e

16、xamined.3. 動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是通常是對等對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表主語、表語可互換位置。語可互換位置。One of my bad habits is eating too many sweets.My job is teaching you how to learn.Her refusal to attend the party was disappointin

17、g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4.動名詞做定語：動名詞做定語： a swimming pool; a walking stick; 可于名詞之前構(gòu)成合成詞，大多表示該名詞的用可于名詞之前構(gòu)成合成詞，大多表示該名詞的用途或目的。途或

18、目的。 The young cook stood at the stove holding a frying pan in his hand.作定語作定語: a walking stick A swimming pool A sleeping car區(qū)別區(qū)別The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy動名詞修飾名詞表動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)示該名詞所處的狀態(tài) It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A.

19、repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExcersice2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning4.

20、 Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped6. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking7. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B

21、. try C. triing D. trying8. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go9. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂貴), it is worth _.

22、 A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation13. You must p

23、ay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read14. You should work tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching15. The microscope is used for_ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine16. Mike has got u

24、sed _ up late at night. A. to stay B. stayed C. to staying D. staying17. Once the heart stops _, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating18. We are now busy _ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared19. I remembered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. havin