PsychoanalyticLiteraryCriticism心理分析文學(xué)批評(píng)學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism心理分心理分析文學(xué)批評(píng)析文學(xué)批評(píng)第一頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。Brief introduction to Psychoanalytic Literary CriticismExamples of Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism12第1頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。What is “Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism?Psychoanalytic literary criticism refers to literary critici

2、sm which, in method, concept, theory, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis（心理分析）b e g u n b y S i g m u n d F r e u d. Psychoanalytic reading has been practiced since the early development of psychoanalysis itself, and has developed into a rich and heterogeneous interpretive tra

3、dition.第2頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。It is a literary approach where critics see the text as if it were a kind of dream. This means that the text represses its real (or latent（潛在的）) content behind obvious (manifest) content. The process of changing from latent to manifest content is known as the dream wo

4、rk, and involves operations of concentration and displacement. The critic analyzes the language and symbolism of a text to reverse the process of the dream work and arrive at the underlying latent thoughts.第3頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。Introduction to Sigmund Freud:Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 23

5、September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression, and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopathology through dialog

6、ue between a patient, technically referred to as an analysand, and a psychoanalyst. Freud redefined sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life, developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association, created the theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship

7、, and interpreted dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires. He was an early neurological researcher into cerebral palsy, and a prolific essayist, drawing on psychoanalysis to contribute to the history, interpretation and critique of culture.第4頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。Some works of Freud:著

8、有:夢(mèng)的釋義（ The Interpretation of Dreams ）、 性學(xué)三論 、 圖騰與禁忌、日常生活的心理病理學(xué)、精神分析引論、精神分析引論新編等。第5頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。在文學(xué)藝術(shù)的性質(zhì)上，弗洛伊德認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)是藝術(shù)家的白日夢(mèng)。在文學(xué)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作論上，弗洛伊德主張創(chuàng)作活動(dòng)是無(wú)意識(shí)的或自由聯(lián)想的心理活動(dòng)。在文學(xué)批評(píng)的方法上，批評(píng)家應(yīng)抓住“俄狄普斯情結(jié)”等力必多情結(jié)來(lái)分析作品主體，用藝術(shù)家性本能升華作用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)人物塑造。Theories included in Psychoanalysis123第6頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。Attention:

9、單單通過(guò)弗洛伊德的透鏡來(lái)觀看一部杰作的文學(xué)批評(píng)家，往往會(huì)有透過(guò)有色鏡片看藝術(shù)，差之毫厘，謬以千里的危險(xiǎn)。然而，把精神分析理論看作癡人的瘋狂而予以拒斥的讀者，卻等于是讓自己白白丟掉了一件不但有助于理解文學(xué)，而且有助于理解人性以及讀者自身的寶貴工具。第7頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。弗洛伊德解讀法：文學(xué)作品里存存著普遍的象征意義象征主義大師、美國(guó)作家歐內(nèi)斯特-海明威 A Farewell To Armsarms1武器 揭露戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷、主人公的厭戰(zhàn)情緒2擁抱、摟抱 另一方面描寫愛不斷遭遇的挫折經(jīng)歷。 第8頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。弗洛伊德對(duì)俄狄浦斯王和哈姆雷特的分

10、析諾曼霍蘭對(duì)哈姆雷特的分析對(duì)二者的分析產(chǎn)生了精神分析法（最杰出的貢獻(xiàn)）1精神分析治療的臨床病例2兒童的潛意識(shí)有“戀父情結(jié)”，即使在其成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，這種情形也依然存在，3哈姆萊特之所以遲遲下不了復(fù)仇計(jì)劃，是因?yàn)樗麩o(wú)法解開自童年時(shí)代就郁結(jié)的那個(gè)情結(jié)，其次是為他不能釋放自己潛意識(shí)里聚積起來(lái)的欲望能量。Examples of Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism:厄內(nèi)斯特瓊斯對(duì)哈姆雷特的分析正是兇手克勞迪休斯使哈姆萊特痛下決心報(bào)了弒父之仇，解除了童年時(shí)代的郁悶情結(jié)。為此，瓊斯還列舉了許多事實(shí)，力圖證明哈姆萊特在實(shí)施報(bào)復(fù)計(jì)劃的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻猶豫不決、亢滿矛盾與遲疑的心理狀態(tài)。雖然哈

11、姆萊特最終報(bào)仇雪恨，但他還是一個(gè)悲劇性人物。 第9頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。愛情死亡暫無(wú)主張操縱“本我”的能量來(lái)自推動(dòng)滿足人類欲望的“本能”。而且，他進(jìn)一步指出，死亡與愛情是人的本能的兩種基本形式詩(shī)人艾略特的長(zhǎng)篇詩(shī)作荒原本我第10頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。弗洛伊德精神分析法對(duì)研究作家傳記產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響杰克倫敦傳記1只是擅長(zhǎng)干寫作動(dòng)物題材,受冷落了2小說(shuō)里蘊(yùn)藏著戀父情結(jié)3重新確立了他在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上應(yīng)有的地位第11頁(yè)/共14頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，編輯于星期日：一點(diǎn) 六分。總而言之，當(dāng)我們從全方位考察精神分析批評(píng)時(shí)，就會(huì)得出以下的結(jié)論：弗洛伊德理論因其獨(dú)樹一幟的研究視角，對(duì)西方文藝批評(píng)確實(shí)起到了不可估量的影響，特別是他創(chuàng)造性地從心理學(xué)引進(jìn)的“戀父情結(jié)”、“