高二英語gettingalongwithothers1PPT課件

1、Part 1 To-infinitive第1頁/共46頁 1.to do as a subjectThe cat said, “To take roller coaster is terrible ”. 不定式短語作主語時，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情況下，尤其是在疑問句和感嘆句中，往往放在謂語之后，而用先行代詞it作形式主語。 The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.”How long did it take you to take roller coaster?How terrible it is to take roller

2、coaster!第2頁/共46頁不定式作主語常見句型： a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式It requires patience to be a good teacher.Its my duty to teach you how to be a student

3、 of Nanjing No.3 Middle School.第3頁/共46頁 2.to do as a predictiveOur most important task now is to make a plan.當(dāng)句子的主語是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。注：作表語的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時，to可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is w

4、ait.第4頁/共46頁3.to do as an object The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定為不定式否定為not to)a) 可以直接用不定式作賓語的動詞很多，如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish2005年天津卷年天津卷12題：題：I dont want _ like Im spe

5、aking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded B. C. sounding D. to have sounded第5頁/共46頁 當(dāng)不定式短語比賓補長時，往往將不定式放到賓補后，而用先行代詞it作形式賓語，常用動詞有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 只有少數(shù)介詞如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作

6、介詞賓語的不定式都帶to，但如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動詞含有do, does, did時，通常省略to。We have no choice but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.第6頁/共46頁4. to do as an object complementYou should get them to help you .(They will help you.)They believed him to be honest.(He was honest.)(常用謂語動詞有: get,ask,force, order, tell,

7、invite, allow, wish, want,like ,expect,advise , beg等等。)但在謂語動詞believe, find , think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove 等后面 跟to be作賓補,不跟to do第7頁/共46頁The boss made her work long hours. 主語 謂語 賓語 賓補She主語was made 謂語to work 主補long hours (by her boss).第8頁/共46頁2005全國卷全國卷(I)No.18While watching televisio

8、n, _.A. The doorbell rangB. The doorbell ringsC. We heard the doorbell ringD. We heard the doorbell rings2005福建卷福建卷No.23If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message.A. have B. get C. ask D.tell第9頁/共46頁Tips:有些動詞后面須接不帶to的不定式做賓語補足語,常用的動詞有:make,let,have,see; hear,watch,notice,

9、feel; look at, listen to; help, observe 等,但是句子變成被動語態(tài)后, 不定式成為句子的主語補足語,需帶to.第10頁/共46頁I would rather _ (go) swimming.You had better _ (tidy) your bedroom.Why not _ (visit) your cousin in Japan?gotidyvisitTips:有些句型后面須接不帶to的不定式。第11頁/共46頁She told me _(be) cheerful and _(look) on the bright side.We had not

10、hing _(do) but _(watch) TV.to belookto dowatchTips: 當(dāng)兩個不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than連接起來時，第二個不定式符號省略。第12頁/共46頁5. to do as an attributive能帶不定式作賓語的動詞，其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語。常見的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等H e h a s n o t k e p t h i s p r o m i s e _(write) to his parents regularly.不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)

11、后置定語，修飾名詞。以下幾類情況常用不定式作定語：She made a decision _(go)abroad for a year.to writeto go第13頁/共46頁常與不定式搭配的形容詞，其 同源名詞一般可以用不定式作定語。常見的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級或被only, last, next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語。She was the only person to survive a

12、fter the earthquake.第14頁/共46頁Tips: 不定式在作定語時，有時與被修飾的名詞有意義上的主謂關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式是不及物動詞，它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主謂關(guān)系)I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位關(guān)系)She has a meeting to attend. （=attend a meeting)Theres not

13、hing to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(動賓關(guān)系)第15頁/共46頁 6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作狀語，不定式可以作狀語， 表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。so as to (不能放句首), to, in order to作目的狀語2005年遼寧卷年遼寧卷22題：題：All these gifts must be mailedimmediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to re

14、ceive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving在soas to, suchas to, only to 結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語，其中only to用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone.A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found第16頁/共46頁enough to, tooto結(jié)構(gòu)The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is

15、 too young to go to school.形容詞（glad, happy , lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語Im glad to meet you.第17頁/共46頁7. 作插入語，用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、看法、對整個句子進(jìn)行解釋，如to be frank（坦白地說），to be sure（確實）等。To tell you the truth, I hate you.8. 作同位語The order to start the gen

16、eral attack soon came.第18頁/共46頁不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):以it為形式主語或形式賓語引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如前面的形容詞指行為的性質(zhì)就用：for sb. to do sth.這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主、表、賓、定、狀等。It is necessary for us to go there.(主語)There is no need for him to leave.(定語)My suggestion is for you to do the job.(表語)第19頁/共46頁如果該形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)，同時又指行為的人，則用of sb. to do sth.。這種句式中的常用形容詞有

17、：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。Its very kind of you to come to see me.It was foolish of him to believe her.I think it wise of her not to accept their offer.第20頁/共46頁Tips:連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where,

18、when, how, （不包括why/if），在句中起名詞作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等動詞后作主、賓或表語。No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.第21頁/共46頁不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動式不定式的進(jìn)行式：to be + V-ing, 用來表示謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時，不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行。Some students pretend

19、ed to be reading English when the teacher came in.第22頁/共46頁不定式完成式：to have + V-ed構(gòu)成，用來表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。2005年江蘇卷No.25 - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left第23頁/共46頁2006年四川卷No.26The

20、 Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be heldThe book is said to have been translated into many languages.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動語態(tài)。不定式的被動式分為一般式被動to be V-ed和完成式被動to have been V-ed第24頁/共46頁The question is difficult to answer.=The q

21、uestion is difficult for me to answer.=It is difficult for me to answer the question.He is hard to get along with.=It is hard to get along with him.第25頁/共46頁表語表語主語主語賓語賓語不定式賓語補足語賓語補足語定語定語狀語狀語第26頁/共46頁Homework:P.9 Fill in the blankets, using to-infinitives. P.92 C1 Answer the questions using to-infini

22、tives.第27頁/共46頁第28頁/共46頁Part 2Verb-ing form as a noun第29頁/共46頁1.動名詞的句法功能：動名詞的句法功能：動名詞由動詞加動名詞由動詞加ing構(gòu)構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓起名詞作用，在句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語和定語。語和定語。作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。Seeing is believing. (眼見為實)Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單

23、數(shù))第30頁/共46頁動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習(xí)慣表答法：It is no use (good) + 動名詞：做某事沒用(不好)Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)Its no good spitting in public.There is no + 動名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)There is no knowing what may happen.（未來的事無法知道）第31頁/共46頁作表語：通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語動詞進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別His hobby is collecting stamps.

24、 (此句為SVC結(jié)構(gòu)) 可改為：Collecting stamps is his hobby.Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語動詞進(jìn)行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構(gòu)) 不能改為：Collecting stamps is he.第32頁/共46頁2005年上海卷No.32He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost20

25、06年北京卷No.35.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stoppingB. to work; stopping C. working; to stopD. To work; to stop第33頁/共46頁作賓語A.作及物動詞的賓語 (stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss,

26、 finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss)2006年江蘇卷N0.32-There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.-My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old.A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 第34頁/共46頁Tips:有些動詞（ continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start,love）后面既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作

27、賓語，意義差別不大。通常認(rèn)為用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作。I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.I prefer driving to riding.第35頁/共46頁有些動詞，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接動名詞表示的動作先于謂語動詞動作，不定式表示的動作后于謂語動詞。2005年北京卷No.30 When asked by police, he said that he remembe

28、red _ at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave在下列句型中動名詞作真正賓語：動詞+it（形式賓語）+賓補+動名詞（真正賓語）第36頁/共46頁B. 作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語 2005年浙江卷No.3 The president spoke at the businessmeeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A.bringing up B. referr

29、ing to C. looking for D. trying onbe used to doing 習(xí)慣于做；look forward to doing 盼望做；devote ones life to doing 致力于做；spend time (in) doing 花時間做；be fond of doing 喜愛做；be good at doing 擅長做；be proud of doing 為做而自豪；be tired of doing 對做感到厭倦；feel like doing 欲想做；第37頁/共46頁go on doing 繼續(xù)做（原來的事）；keep on doing 不停地做

30、；what about doing 做怎么樣；think of doing 考慮做；be interested in doing 對做感興趣；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困難；be busy (in) doing 忙于做；instead of doing 做而不做2005年江蘇卷No.23 Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up第38頁/共46頁作定語動名詞可作前置定語，表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的，可用for改寫；而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，可用定語從句改寫。swimming pool, waiting room, walking sticka s