高考詞匯的備考過程和方法

1、高考詞匯的備考過程和方法 詞匯的重要性、艱巨性和長期性詞匯的重要性、艱巨性和長期性 2015年英語考試大綱對詞匯的說明年英語考試大綱對詞匯的說明高考詞匯的備考過程和方法高考詞匯的備考過程和方法試卷中滲透詞匯學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用試卷中滲透詞匯學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用 一、詞匯的重要性、艱巨性和長期一、詞匯的重要性、艱巨性和長期性性 1. 學(xué)生的詞匯經(jīng)驗(yàn)不牢固，記不住，容易學(xué)生的詞匯經(jīng)驗(yàn)不牢固，記不住，容易遺忘，遺忘， 并且活用能力不足。并且活用能力不足。 2. 缺乏對于詞義的準(zhǔn)確理解和把握缺乏對于詞義的準(zhǔn)確理解和把握.。 3. 教師要想方設(shè)法幫助學(xué)生樹立信心，不教師要想方設(shè)法幫助學(xué)生樹立信心，不畏艱畏艱 難，下決心突破

2、單詞關(guān)。難，下決心突破單詞關(guān)。避免避免事倍功事倍功半。半。啟示 明知效率有問題，為什么不改變呢？明知效率有問題，為什么不改變呢？二二 、2015年英語考試大綱對詞匯的說明年英語考試大綱對詞匯的說明 1. 語言知識：要求考生掌握并能運(yùn)用英語語音、詞匯、語法基礎(chǔ)知識語言知識：要求考生掌握并能運(yùn)用英語語音、詞匯、語法基礎(chǔ)知識以及所學(xué)功能意念和話題，要求詞匯量為以及所學(xué)功能意念和話題，要求詞匯量為3500左右。左右。 2. 語言運(yùn)用語言運(yùn)用 閱讀方面：要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性閱讀方面：要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。話題的

3、簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：考生應(yīng)能： （1）理解主旨要義）理解主旨要義 （2）理解文中具體信息）理解文中具體信息 （3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義 （4）做出判斷和推理）做出判斷和推理 （5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) （6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度 寫作方面：考生應(yīng)能清楚連貫地傳遞信息，表達(dá)意思；有效運(yùn)用所寫作方面：考生應(yīng)能清楚連貫地傳遞信息，表達(dá)意思；有效運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識。學(xué)語言知識。啟示和建議1. 整體平穩(wěn)，局部微調(diào)。2. 考試體現(xiàn)了適當(dāng)?shù)碾y度和必要的區(qū)分度。3. 抓基礎(chǔ)確

4、保容易題的得分率。4. 詞匯量的問題。1. 整體平穩(wěn)，局部微調(diào)。 整體平穩(wěn)的原因在于考試大綱的后面還有一個教學(xué)大綱， 為了穩(wěn)定高中教學(xué)， 作為高中教學(xué)指揮棒的高考不宜頻繁變動，微調(diào)符合高中英語教學(xué)規(guī)律和與時俱進(jìn)的精神2.考試體現(xiàn)了適當(dāng)?shù)碾y度和必要的區(qū)分度 試題的難易比例： 容易題，中等題（80%）和難題（20%）， 中等題為主3. 抓基礎(chǔ)確保容易題的得分率。 詞匯復(fù)習(xí)要突出基礎(chǔ)，高考能不能考出理想成績，關(guān)鍵是基礎(chǔ)題做得怎么樣，因此高考前的復(fù)習(xí)，反對好高騖遠(yuǎn)，提倡腳踏實(shí)地，基本知識，基本技能，基本常識，是復(fù)習(xí)中特別注意的問題。 考前復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)該回歸書本，回歸基本題。4. 詞匯量的問題。 詞匯量的變化

5、，歷來是高考英語改革的焦點(diǎn)，2015年考試大綱依據(jù)教學(xué)要求詞匯是3500左右，和去年持平，既然詞匯量不變，則對詞匯運(yùn)用質(zhì)量會提高，學(xué)習(xí)詞匯不能停留在光背的階段，應(yīng)該在句子中，語篇中，典型的語境中記憶單詞的搭配，記“一詞多義”、“舊詞新義”、“淺詞深義” 。把課本和詞匯，詞匯和試卷結(jié)合起來，避免單詞的獨(dú)立教學(xué)，體現(xiàn)靈活運(yùn)用。2015年考試大綱對語言運(yùn)用方面詞數(shù)要求：閱讀理解不少于900詞7選5填空約300詞完形填空約為250詞語法填空200詞左右的語言材料。短文改錯約100個單詞寫作100個單詞左右 1.基礎(chǔ)詞匯和必修詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)詞匯和必修詞匯的復(fù)習(xí) 通過對普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和2015年英語

6、考試大綱對高中詞匯要求的解讀，我最關(guān)心兩點(diǎn)： 第一：就是3500這個量， 第二就是考生對高中詞匯的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，即對單詞掌握的深度和廣度。三、高考詞匯的備考過程和方法三、高考詞匯的備考過程和方法 必修詞匯從高一開始教師要有超前意識，在組織新內(nèi)容教學(xué)的同時，要有計劃地及早組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行詞匯復(fù)習(xí)。掌握詞匯不能靠沖刺式的突擊，必須有持之以恒、堅韌不撥的耐心的毅力。復(fù)習(xí)單詞，應(yīng)注意四種能力的培養(yǎng)。四種能力即單詞的聽、說、讀、寫能力，這四種能力是相輔相成、互為條件的。四個要素是指單詞的讀音、拼寫、詞性、詞意。在復(fù)習(xí)中不能把這四個要素孤立地割裂開來記憶。采用音-義-形-用的過程，在單詞聽寫之前音和形的結(jié)合，音和

7、義的結(jié)合，義和用的融合，目標(biāo)是：音義形的三方面的融合。 在每個單元學(xué)習(xí)開始前將本單元的詞在每個單元學(xué)習(xí)開始前將本單元的詞匯讓學(xué)生讀會，讀好，讀準(zhǔn)，這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就匯讓學(xué)生讀會，讀好，讀準(zhǔn)，這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是見到單詞就能準(zhǔn)確的讀出來，然后讓學(xué)是見到單詞就能準(zhǔn)確的讀出來，然后讓學(xué)生能夠?qū)卧~的讀音和含義結(jié)合起來。通生能夠?qū)卧~的讀音和含義結(jié)合起來。通過單詞的音形義聽寫講義完成詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的過單詞的音形義聽寫講義完成詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的第一環(huán)節(jié)，也是最基礎(chǔ)最關(guān)鍵的一步。在第一環(huán)節(jié)，也是最基礎(chǔ)最關(guān)鍵的一步。在平時的教學(xué)中要做到詞匯先行，全部背誦，平時的教學(xué)中要做到詞匯先行，全部背誦，并每天檢查，每周檢查，每月檢查，反復(fù)并每天檢

8、查，每周檢查，每月檢查，反復(fù)鞏固，直到掌握。鞏固，直到掌握。 具體操作過程具體操作過程必修5unit one單詞記憶檢查 1.characteristic 2.radium 3.painter 4.putforward 5.scientific 6.conclude 7.conclusion 8.draw a conclusion 9.analyze 10.infect必修5unit one單詞記憶檢查11.Infectious12.Cholera13.Defeat14.Expert15.Attend16.Physician17.Expose18.expose.to19.Deadly20.Cu

9、re22.Challenge23.Victim24.Absorb25.Suspect26.neighborhood/27.Severe28.clue/29.pump/30.foresee/31.investigate/32.investigation/33.blame/34.pollute/35.handle/36.germ/37.link .to/38.announce/39.certainly/40instruct 學(xué)生達(dá)到這一步，就可以自主地去閱讀聽和學(xué)生達(dá)到這一步，就可以自主地去閱讀聽和說等語言的學(xué)習(xí)，老師在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程中要下功說等語言的學(xué)習(xí)，老師在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程中要下功夫給學(xué)生提供盡可

10、能多的語言環(huán)境和閱讀材料，夫給學(xué)生提供盡可能多的語言環(huán)境和閱讀材料，學(xué)生在語境中學(xué)習(xí)和理解要比死記硬背效果要好學(xué)生在語境中學(xué)習(xí)和理解要比死記硬背效果要好的多。簡單地用中英文對照方法學(xué)習(xí)詞匯不利于的多。簡單地用中英文對照方法學(xué)習(xí)詞匯不利于單詞的理解掌握和積累。單詞的拼寫應(yīng)該放在一單詞的理解掌握和積累。單詞的拼寫應(yīng)該放在一單元或某一主題講授完畢單元或某一主題講授完畢.這樣做有兩個好處這樣做有兩個好處: 第第一一, 省時省時, 高效高效. 單詞的音義形通過一單元的學(xué)習(xí)單詞的音義形通過一單元的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)有比較準(zhǔn)確的把握已經(jīng)有比較準(zhǔn)確的把握,這樣學(xué)習(xí)起來會節(jié)省時間這樣學(xué)習(xí)起來會節(jié)省時間,而能提高學(xué)習(xí)的效率

11、而能提高學(xué)習(xí)的效率. 第二第二: 詞匯的含義理解的更詞匯的含義理解的更準(zhǔn)確。在這個階段有必要讓學(xué)生根據(jù)單詞的意義準(zhǔn)確。在這個階段有必要讓學(xué)生根據(jù)單詞的意義寫出單詞的正確拼寫。寫出單詞的正確拼寫。聽寫講義舉例1. n. 特征；特性特征；特性2. n. 鐳鐳3. n. 畫家；油漆匠畫家；油漆匠4. 提出提出5. adj. 科學(xué)的科學(xué)的6. vt. & vi. 結(jié)束；推斷出結(jié)束；推斷出7. n. 結(jié)論；結(jié)束結(jié)論；結(jié)束8. 提出結(jié)論提出結(jié)論9. vt. 分析分析10. vt. 傳染；感染傳染；感染11. adj. 傳染的傳染的12. n. 霍亂霍亂 13. vt. 打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫

12、n. 失敗失敗14. adj. 熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識豐富的專家；行家熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識豐富的專家；行家15. vt. 照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加16. n. 醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師17. vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光暴露；揭露；使曝光18. 使顯露；暴露使顯露；暴露19. adj. 致命的致命的20. n. 治愈；痊愈治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治療治愈；治療21. n. 爆發(fā)；發(fā)作（尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭）爆發(fā)；發(fā)作（尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭） 22. n. 挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn) vt. 向向挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)23. n. 受害者受害者24. vt. 吸收；吸引；使專心吸收；吸引；使專心25. vt. 懷疑懷疑 n

13、. 被懷疑者；嫌疑犯被懷疑者；嫌疑犯聽寫講義舉例2. 選修詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)選修詞匯的學(xué)習(xí) 根據(jù)根據(jù)2015年考試大綱的說明，選修單詞年考試大綱的說明，選修單詞的教學(xué)更要突顯出義形的完美融合，要求學(xué)生的教學(xué)更要突顯出義形的完美融合，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)詞匯能夠明確其準(zhǔn)確含義，根據(jù)詞匯能夠明確其準(zhǔn)確含義， 但不一定非但不一定非讓學(xué)生會拼寫某個詞匯或詞組。讓學(xué)生會拼寫某個詞匯或詞組。 如果這樣做如果這樣做會浪費(fèi)學(xué)生寶貴的英語學(xué)習(xí)時間，會讓學(xué)生在會浪費(fèi)學(xué)生寶貴的英語學(xué)習(xí)時間，會讓學(xué)生在無休止的記憶單詞或詞組的拼寫中失去了對英無休止的記憶單詞或詞組的拼寫中失去了對英語的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。語的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。 相反老師要學(xué)會取舍，相

14、反老師要學(xué)會取舍， 讓學(xué)讓學(xué)生將選修詞匯內(nèi)化在閱讀理解、完形填空中，生將選修詞匯內(nèi)化在閱讀理解、完形填空中，讓學(xué)生在閱讀中理解，在理解中欣賞文章，讓讓學(xué)生在閱讀中理解，在理解中欣賞文章，讓學(xué)生在有血有肉，見樹見林的意境中，深刻地學(xué)生在有血有肉，見樹見林的意境中，深刻地學(xué)習(xí)這些大綱詞匯，學(xué)習(xí)這些大綱詞匯， 同時把語音與語法的基同時把語音與語法的基本知識與學(xué)生的情感判斷力自然結(jié)合起來，達(dá)本知識與學(xué)生的情感判斷力自然結(jié)合起來，達(dá)到詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的良好狀態(tài)。到詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的良好狀態(tài)。 啟示和建議 高考英語詞匯十分繁雜豐富，而高考復(fù)高考英語詞匯十分繁雜豐富，而高考復(fù)習(xí)時間又有限，如復(fù)習(xí)時能總結(jié)歸納詞匯習(xí)時間又有限

15、，如復(fù)習(xí)時能總結(jié)歸納詞匯的音、形、義、用四個方面，擴(kuò)大詞匯學(xué)的音、形、義、用四個方面，擴(kuò)大詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的深度和廣度。習(xí)的深度和廣度。 所謂深度和廣度是指歸所謂深度和廣度是指歸納同義詞、近義詞的異同；盡可能掌握常納同義詞、近義詞的異同；盡可能掌握常用詞的各種用法、搭配和意義，特別是那用詞的各種用法、搭配和意義，特別是那些用法和詞義繁多、搭配能力強(qiáng)的常用基些用法和詞義繁多、搭配能力強(qiáng)的常用基本詞匯，除音、形、義外，還要掌握他們本詞匯，除音、形、義外，還要掌握他們的適用條件、語法特點(diǎn)以及與其他相關(guān)知的適用條件、語法特點(diǎn)以及與其他相關(guān)知識的聯(lián)系，盡可能爭取給學(xué)生提供語境，識的聯(lián)系，盡可能爭取給學(xué)生提供語境

16、，訓(xùn)練到位、熟練運(yùn)用。訓(xùn)練到位、熟練運(yùn)用。運(yùn)用舉例 在講授單詞comment和remark 時，我選擇文章，讓學(xué)生能夠通過文章的語境去理解remark 的語境。 Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window. I walked to

17、 the door and knocked, “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice. After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase. I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly towa

18、rd the car. She kept thanking me for my kindness. “Its nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.” “Oh, youre such a good man,” she said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?” “Its

19、not the shortest way,” I answered quickly. “Oh, Im in no hurry,” she said. “Im on my way to a hospice(臨終醫(yī)院臨終醫(yī)院). I dont have any family left. The doctor says I dont have very long.” I quietly reached over and shut off the meter. For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the bu

20、ilding where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl. Sometimes shed ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing. At dawn, sh

21、e suddenly said,” Im tired. Lets go now.” We drove in silence to the address she had given me. “How much do I owe you?” she asked. “Nothing.” I said. “You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered. Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held

22、onto me tightly. Our hug ended with her_ , “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.” A. comment B. remark C. review D. speech 四、試卷中滲透詞匯學(xué)習(xí)和四、試卷中滲透詞匯學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用運(yùn)用1.根據(jù)語境結(jié)合語義根據(jù)語境結(jié)合語義解決問題 It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had

23、agreed to meet at the restaurant at seven oclock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my relief，I had a good excuse: A business meeting had run over and Id wasted no time getting to the dinner. When I arrived at the restaurant，1 apologized and told Eleanor I didnt mean to be late. She screamed, You never

24、 mean to. Well, I could tell she was angry. Im sorry but it was not avoidable, I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. However, my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive me mad as well. Several weeks later, when I described the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, h

25、e smiled, You made a classic mistake. Youre stuck in your own way of thinking. You didnt intend to be late. But thats not the point. What is important in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor. He pointed out that I focused on the intention while Eleanor focused on the result. Thus

26、, both of us felt misunderstood and crazy. The more I thought about what Ken had said, the more I _1_ this battle-intention VS consequences- was the root _2_ of so much interpersonal discord (不和不和). As it turns out, its not the thought or even the action that _3_. Thats because the other person does

27、nt experience your thought or your action. He or she experiences the consequences of your action.1. A. witnessed B. experienced C. recognized D. predicted2. A. part B. purpose C. proof D. cause3. A. counts B. appears C. arises D. conflicts2.根據(jù)熟詞多義，淺詞多義解決問題 這里舉個例子：這里舉個例子： You ask to shadow a professi

28、onal and start building your network.The national entrance examination is coming. Here are some suggestions for high school students pursuing college and university. Develop good study habits. 1 youre less likely to burn out and you will already know what works best for you to learn. Studying is a s

29、kill. Lots of times, students who struggle in college do so because they have not developed good study habits since they merely breezed through high school. Dont let this be you! 2 This not only applies to high school or college, but it applies to life in general. Its always a good idea to be involv

30、ed in organizations related to your major and to get major -related jobs. 3 you have to learn multitasking now. Its obvious why you need good time management skill.Volunteer. Volunteering has other benefits besides making your college application more well-round. A lot of times, you have an idea of

31、what career you want to pursue, so start looking for volunteer opportunities in those fields. 4 Ask to shadow a professional and start building your network. You can also ask these people for a letter of recommendation when you need one. Build good relationships with your teachers. Many universities

32、 and scholarship programs ask for letters of recommendations. Some may even have a requirement that at least one come from a teacher. 5 but they have to know you better and they can see that you work hard. A. Learn good time management skill. B. There are many different kinds of scholarships. C. Thi

33、s allows you to see what its like working in that type of job. D. Combine these things with studying for exams and assignments. E. Excellent learning habits will make things easier for you in college. F. Teachers are more likely to give you a strong, positive recommendation. 3. 根據(jù)動詞和動詞短語，介詞短語和習(xí)慣用語，解

34、決問題。 再例如： (1) I thought we would be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there a head of time. (2) She said, she ended up focusing on public service. Mrs. Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr. High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement（畢業(yè)典禮）speech this yea

35、r. The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University. The first lady told the 170 graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academe achievements. While her success in college and law school led to a good job, she said, she ended up focusing on public s

36、ervice. “My message to you today is that dont waste a minute living someone elses dream,” she said. “It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you wont find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net.” She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experien

37、ce in Chicago. “My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me,” she said. “I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement. Unfortunately, schools like this dont exist for every kid.” she said. “You are blessed.” The first lady told graduates that failure may

38、be a part of their college lives and careers, and that how they respond determines what they will become. “Thats when you find out what youre really made of in those hard times,” she said. “But you can only do that if youre willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.” Overcoming diff

39、iculties has been the mark of many great people, she said, “Oprah was demoted（降職）from her first job as a news reporter, and now she doesnt even need a last name,” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey “And then theres this guy Barack Obama, I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failure

40、s. He lost his first race for Congress”, the first lady joked, “and now he gets to call himself my husband.” What do we know about Mrs. Obama from the text? A. This was the first time she gave a speech to graduates. B. She complained about her school life in her speech. C. She is a graduate of Tenne

41、ssee State University. D. She is enthusiastic about public service. 4. 根據(jù)同義詞和近義詞的辨析解決問題 loving Lovely lively Immigrants to the coast of southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of the Old World along with them for nearly 300 years. They brought some of their

42、most important valuables with them. To most of them this was an instrument. Early Scottish settlers enjoyed the violin because it could be played to sound sad or lively. The Irish violin, the German dulcimer, the Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar, and the West African banjo were the most common m

43、usical instruments. The communication among musicians from different ethnic groups（族群）produced music unique to this region of North America. Appalachian string bands（弦樂隊）of the early 20th century primarily consisted of the violin, guitar, and banjo. This early country music along with early recorded country music is often referred to as old-time music.According to Bill Malone in Country Music U.S.A, country music was “introduced to the world as a southern phenomenon.” In the South, folk music was a combination of cultural types, combining musical tradit