PPT演講組織及準(zhǔn)備技巧

1、文檔可自由編輯打印PAGE4 / NUMPAGES4文檔可自由編輯打印文檔可自由編輯打印PPT演講組織及準(zhǔn)備技巧1. 從結(jié)果開(kāi)始Before you evenopen up PowerPoint, sit down and really think about the day of your presentation. What is the real purpose of your talk? Why is it that you wereask to speak? What does the audience expect? In your opinion, what are the mo

2、stimportant parts of your topic for the audience to take away from your, say,50-minute presentation? Remember, even if youve been asked to shareinformation, rarely is the mere transfer of information a satisfactoryobjective from the point of view of the audience. After all, the audience couldalways

3、just read your book (or article, handout, etc.) if information transferwere the only purpose of the meeting, seminar, or formal presentation.在您打開(kāi)PowerPoint前，請(qǐng)坐下來(lái)認(rèn)真想一想您演講那天的情形。您演講的真正目的是什么呢？為什么要求您發(fā)言？聽(tīng)眾的期望又是什么呢？您認(rèn)為，聽(tīng)眾從您50分鐘（比如說(shuō)）的演講中獲得最重要的信息是什么？請(qǐng)記住，即使要求的是簡(jiǎn)單分享下信息，但在聽(tīng)眾看來(lái)，純粹地傳遞信息并非令人滿意。畢竟，如果會(huì)議、研討會(huì)或正式演講僅是為了

4、信息傳遞的話，聽(tīng)眾完全可以看一看您的書(shū)（文章、講義等）就行了，（還要聽(tīng)您講干嘛？）2. Know your audience as well as possible2.盡量了解您的聽(tīng)眾Before you begin to formulate the content of your presentation, you need to ask yourself manybasic questions with an eye to becoming the best possible presenter for that particular audience. At the very least

5、, you need to answer the basic W questions.想成為優(yōu)秀的演講人，您需要在制作演示稿之前問(wèn)自己一些基本問(wèn)題。至少您需要回答下面幾個(gè)基本的“W問(wèn)題”。 Who is the audience?What are their backgrounds? How much background information about your topic can you assumethey bring to the presentation?聽(tīng)眾是誰(shuí)？他們來(lái)自什么行業(yè)？您認(rèn)為他們對(duì)您話題的背景知識(shí)了解多少？What is the purpose of the eve

6、nt? Is it toinspire? Are they looking for concrete practical information? Do they want more concepts and theory rather than advice?演講的目的是什么的？是否為了啟發(fā)聽(tīng)眾？他們是否需要詳細(xì)而實(shí)用的信息？他們是否希望獲得更多的概念和理論？而不是為了獲得建議？Why were you asked to speak? What are their expectations of you?為什么要求您發(fā)言？他們對(duì)您的期望是什么？Where is it? Find out ev

7、erything you canabout the location and logistics of the venue.場(chǎng)地在哪里？盡您所能找到場(chǎng)地的位置和會(huì)務(wù)人員。When is it? Do you have enough time toprepare? What time of the day? If there are other presenters, what is the order(always volunteer to go first or last, by the way). What day of the week? All of this matters.什么時(shí)候

8、開(kāi)始？您有足夠的時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備嗎？演講幾點(diǎn)開(kāi)始？如果有其他演講者，順序是如何安排的？（順便提一下，您應(yīng)主動(dòng)爭(zhēng)當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)或最后一個(gè)演講者）那天是星期幾？等等。3. Content,content, content3.內(nèi)容為王No matter howgreat your delivery, or how professional and beautiful your supporting visuals,if your presentation is not based on solid content, you can not succeed. Dontget me wrong, I am not s

9、aying that great content alone will carry the day. Italmost never does. Great content is a necessary condition, but not a sufficientone. But your presentation preparation starts with solid content (appropriate for your audience) which you then build into a winning story that youll use toconnect with

10、 your audience.無(wú)論您的演講技巧多棒，幻燈片做得多專業(yè)，多漂亮，如果您的演講稿缺乏實(shí)實(shí)在在的內(nèi)容，那您照樣不會(huì)取得成功。不要誤會(huì)，我并不是說(shuō)單憑好的內(nèi)容就能獲得成功。不是的。好的內(nèi)容只是必要條件，而不是充分條件。您應(yīng)該以實(shí)實(shí)在在的內(nèi)容（適合聽(tīng)眾的）為出發(fā)點(diǎn)來(lái)準(zhǔn)備演講，再將這些內(nèi)容有機(jī)串連成故事，娓娓向您的聽(tīng)眾道來(lái)。A word of caution : Though I am emphasizing how important content is, Ialso am begging you to spare your audience a data dump. A data d

11、ump all too common unfortunately is when a presenter crams too much informationinto the talk without making the effort to make the information or dataapplicable to the members of the audience. A data dump also occurs when dataand information do not seem to build on the information that came earlier

12、inthe presentation. Sometimes it almost seems that the presenter is either showing off, or more likely, is simply afraid that if he does not tell thewhole story by giving reams of data, the audience will not understand his message.警告：雖然我強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容很重要，但我也懇請(qǐng)您不要把聽(tīng)眾當(dāng)成“話桶”?！霸捦啊辈恍业氖撬毡榇嬖诰褪茄葜v人不下功夫準(zhǔn)備適合聽(tīng)眾的內(nèi)容，但卻向聽(tīng)眾

13、強(qiáng)行灌輸大量信息。當(dāng)演講內(nèi)容不是根據(jù)演講之前的要求準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)話桶的情況。有時(shí)候演講人似乎是在炫耀，或者可能擔(dān)心如果不給出大量信息來(lái)講述“整個(gè)故事”，聽(tīng)眾就難以明白他的意思。Do not fall intothe trap of thinking that in order for your audience to understand anything,you must tell them everything. Which brings us to the idea of simplicity.不要陷入以下誤區(qū)：為了讓聽(tīng)眾理解所有的內(nèi)容，就必須告訴他們每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。 4. Keep it

14、 simple Simple does notmean stupid. Frankly, thinking that the notion of simplifying is stupid is just plain, well, stupid. Simple can be hard for the presenter, but itwill be appreciated by the audience. Simplicity takes more forethought andplanning on your part because you have to think very hard

15、about what to includeand what can be left out. What is the essence of your message? This is theultimate question you need to ask yourself during the preparation of your presentation. Heres a simple exercise:簡(jiǎn)單并不意味著愚蠢。坦率地說(shuō)，認(rèn)為簡(jiǎn)單就是愚蠢恰恰是簡(jiǎn)單而“愚蠢的”。演講人做到簡(jiǎn)單很難，但聽(tīng)眾卻喜歡。簡(jiǎn)單需要更多的構(gòu)思和計(jì)劃，因?yàn)槟仨氄J(rèn)真考慮哪些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該包含在您的演講中，哪些內(nèi)容

16、可以被排除在外。您演講的核心內(nèi)容是什么？這是您在準(zhǔn)備演講時(shí)必須問(wèn)自己的最終問(wèn)題。下面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的練習(xí)： EXERCISE: （1）_（2）_（3）_ 5. Outlining your content5.草擬內(nèi)容 I suggest youstart your planning in analog mode. That is, rather than divingright into PowerPoint (or Keynote), the best presenters often scratch out theirideas and objectives with a pen and pa

17、per. Personally, I use a large whiteboardin my office to sketch out my ideas (when I was at Apple, I had one entire wallturned into a whiteboard!). The whiteboard works for me as I feel uninhibitedand freer to be creative. I can also step back (literally) from what I havesketched out and imagine how

18、 it might flow logically when PowerPoint is addedlater. Also, as I write down key points and assemble an outline and structure,I can draw quick ideas for visuals such as charts or photos that will laterappear in the PowerPoint. Though you may be using digital technology when youdeliver your presenta

19、tion, the act of speaking and connecting to an audience to persuade, sell, or inform is very much analog.我建議您開(kāi)始以“模擬模式”制作您的幻燈片。也就是說(shuō)，不要一開(kāi)始就蒙頭使用PowerPoint（或Keynote）軟件，優(yōu)秀的演講人經(jīng)常利用紙和筆來(lái)草擬他們的想法和目標(biāo)。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，我使用辦公室中的一塊大白板來(lái)簡(jiǎn)要描繪我的想法（當(dāng)我在蘋(píng)果公司的時(shí)候，我將一整面墻變成了我的白板?。Ｊ褂冒装鍟r(shí)，我感覺(jué)無(wú)拘無(wú)束，自由自在，創(chuàng)造力無(wú)限。我也可以從已擬出的內(nèi)容后退一步，想象稍后使用PowerPoin

20、t時(shí)在邏輯上如何銜接。此外，當(dāng)在紙上勾畫(huà)要點(diǎn)，組織大綱結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，我能突然獲得一些圖表、照片等視覺(jué)化想法，而后再將這些想法用PPT表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。當(dāng)您演講的時(shí)候，盡管使用數(shù)碼技術(shù)進(jìn)行了輔助支持，但說(shuō)話和與聽(tīng)眾互動(dòng)說(shuō)服、推銷(xiāo)、報(bào)告等行為，也是需要模擬的。 我通常使用筆記本和鋼筆（若空間足夠大就使用白板）來(lái)畫(huà)草圖。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這種模擬方法比我所說(shuō)的更能激發(fā)我的創(chuàng)造力。由于沒(méi)有幻燈片制作軟件干擾思路，我可以很容易知道制作的邏輯流程。我可以畫(huà)一個(gè)草圖來(lái)支持我的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，比如說(shuō)在這里用一個(gè)餅圖，在那里用一張照片，也許一個(gè)曲線圖，等等。您可能會(huì)想：這多浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?。樯恫恢苯佑肞owerPoint呢，非得同一件事情重復(fù)

21、做兩次？這個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)的好，問(wèn)題的答案是，如果我用PowerPoint來(lái)畫(huà)圖，那么實(shí)際上會(huì)花費(fèi)更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲乙粩嗟卦赑owerPoint普通視圖和瀏覽視圖之間切換，以了解幻燈片內(nèi)容的“全貌”。采用該模擬方法（在紙上或白板上）醞釀我的想法并勾畫(huà)草圖，可以幫助我鞏固和簡(jiǎn)化大腦中的信息。所以當(dāng)我用PowerPoint表達(dá)那些想法時(shí)，就很容易了。當(dāng)使用PowerPoint時(shí)，我通常都不看剛才使用的白板和筆記本了，因?yàn)槟M過(guò)程就給了我清晰的視覺(jué)化圖像，演講內(nèi)容流程如何走向，都?xì)v歷在目。我看一眼我的筆記，回憶一下某一要點(diǎn)我使用了什么視覺(jué)化圖形，然后到網(wǎng)站或我自己的高品質(zhì)圖像庫(kù)中尋找最完美的圖像。 6.

22、Have a sound,clear structure 6.結(jié)構(gòu)完整、清晰Take a page outout the McKinsey presentation handbook:presentation structure is paramount.Without it, your wonderful style, delivery and great supporting visuals willfall flat. If you took the time in the first step to outline your ideas and setthem up in a logi

23、cal fashion, then your thinking should be very clear. You canvisualize the logic of your content and the flow of the presentation. If your ideas are not clear first, it will be impossible to design the proper structurelater when you create visuals and/or supporting documents. Your audience needsto s

24、ee where you are going. And it is not enough to simply have anagenda or road map slide in the beginning thatillustrates the organization of your talk. If you do not actually have a solidroad of logic and structure, then an outline slide will be of no use. In fact,the audience may become even more ir

25、ritated since you made the promise of organization in the beginning, but then failed to deliver the promise with apresentation which is muddled and lacks focus.麥肯錫演示手冊(cè)指出：演示文稿的結(jié)構(gòu)是至關(guān)重要的。沒(méi)有好的文稿結(jié)構(gòu)，再精彩的演講風(fēng)格、技巧和視覺(jué)效果都將付諸東流。如果你在第一步花點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)勾畫(huà)您的想法，并將其富有邏輯地組織起來(lái)，那么您的思路就會(huì)變得非常清晰。您可以將內(nèi)容邏輯和演示流程視覺(jué)化處理。如果開(kāi)始您的想法不清晰，那么在制作幻

26、燈片的時(shí)候就不可能設(shè)計(jì)出合理的結(jié)構(gòu)。您的聽(tīng)眾需要知道您的演講思路。在演講開(kāi)始時(shí)，僅使用一張“議程表”或“路線圖”來(lái)展現(xiàn)您演講的組織結(jié)構(gòu)是不夠的。如果您沒(méi)有嚴(yán)密的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，那么一張“議程表”或“路線圖”幻燈片也沒(méi)用。實(shí)際上，如果您開(kāi)始時(shí)展示了組織結(jié)構(gòu)，而演示時(shí)糊里糊涂，缺乏重點(diǎn)，那么聽(tīng)眾可能聽(tīng)得非常煩躁。 7. Dakara nani?(so what?)7.那重要嗎？In Japanese Ioften say to myself, dakara nani? or sore de.?whichtranslate roughly as so what?! or your point being.

27、?I say this often while I am preparing my material. When building the content ofyour presentation always put yourself in the shoes of the audience and askso what? Really ask yourself the tough questions throughout theplanning process. For example, is your point relevant? It may be cool, but isit imp

28、ortant or help your story in a very important way.or is it fluff?Surely you have been in an audience and wondered how what the presenter wastalking about was relevant or supported his point. So what? youprobably said to yourself. So what? always be asking yourselfthis very important, simple question

29、. If you cant really answer that question,then cut that bit of content out of your talk.我經(jīng)常用日語(yǔ)對(duì)自己說(shuō)，“dakara nani？”或“sore de？”，大致意思是“那重要嗎？”或“您的觀點(diǎn)是？”當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備資料時(shí)，我經(jīng)常對(duì)自己說(shuō)這句話。當(dāng)您準(zhǔn)備演示稿的內(nèi)容時(shí)，要始終站在聽(tīng)眾的角度問(wèn)自己：“那重要嗎？”在整個(gè)準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中，一定要問(wèn)自己這些尖銳的問(wèn)題。例如，您的觀點(diǎn)重要嗎？這也許很酷，但是重要嗎？還是不重要？是的，您應(yīng)該始終站在聽(tīng)眾的角度，不住地質(zhì)疑演講內(nèi)容是否重要，這些內(nèi)容如何支持演講人的觀點(diǎn)?！澳侵匾獑?/p>

30、？”您可能對(duì)自己說(shuō)?！澳侵匾獑?？”總是問(wèn)自己這個(gè)非常重要而簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。如果您實(shí)在不能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，那么就將這些內(nèi)容刪除掉吧。8. Can you passthe elevator test? 8. 您能通過(guò)“電梯測(cè)試”嗎？Check the clarityof your message with the elevator test. This exercise forces you tosell your message in 30-45 seconds. Imagine this is the situation:You have been scheduled to pitch a new

31、idea to the head of product marketing atyour company, one of the leading technology manufactures in the world. Bothschedules and budgets are tight; this is an extremely important opportunity foryou if you are to succeed at getting the OK from the executive team. When youarrive at the Admin desk outs

32、ide the vice-presidents office, suddenly shecomes out with her coat and briefcase in hand and barks, .sorry,somethings come up, give me your pitch as we go down to the lobby.Imagine such a scenario. Could you sell your idea in the elevator ride and awalk to the parking lot? Sure, the scenario is unl

33、ikely, but possible. What isvery possible, however, is for you to be asked without notice to shorten yourtalk down, from, say, 20 minutes, to 10 minutes (or from a scheduled one hourto 30 minutes), could you do it? True, you may never have to, but practicingwhat you might do in such a case forces yo

34、u to get your message down and makeyour overall content tighter and clearer.請(qǐng)用電梯測(cè)試來(lái)檢查下您演講的清晰度。這個(gè)練習(xí)迫使您在30-40秒內(nèi)“推銷(xiāo)”您的演講。想象下這個(gè)場(chǎng)景：您在一家世界領(lǐng)先的制造企業(yè)工作，你被要求向產(chǎn)品營(yíng)銷(xiāo)負(fù)責(zé)人匯報(bào)您的新想法。時(shí)間安排和預(yù)算都很緊張，如果您要想獲得執(zhí)行小組的肯定，該匯報(bào)就是一個(gè)極為重要的機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)您到達(dá)副總辦公室外面，走到管理人員桌邊時(shí)，她穿著大衣，拎著手提包突然走出來(lái)，“對(duì)不起，有些急事，讓我們到大廳去，邊走邊說(shuō)”，想象一下這樣的場(chǎng)景。您能在搭電梯或去往停車(chē)場(chǎng)的途中成功推銷(xiāo)您的想法

35、嗎？是的，這是個(gè)假想場(chǎng)景，但還是有可能發(fā)生的。而且，非常有可能發(fā)生的是，若您被臨時(shí)要求縮短演講時(shí)間，比如從20分鐘減少到10分鐘（或者從1個(gè)小時(shí)減少到30分鐘），您能做到嗎？是的，您可能從來(lái)不會(huì)遇到，但練習(xí)在這種情況下怎么做，可以幫助您修改演講內(nèi)容，使之更簡(jiǎn)潔、更清晰。 Author, Ron Hoff(I Can See You Naked) reminds us that your presentation should beable to pass the David Belasco test while youre in the planning stages. David Belas

36、co was a producer who insisted that the core idea for every successfulplay he produced could be written as a simple sentence on the back of abusiness card. Try it. Can you crystallize the essence of your presentation content and write it on the back of a business card? If the task is impossible for

37、you, then you may want to think again and get your message down pat in yourmind. This too is certainly something you do before you ever begin to open up PowerPoint (Keynote).我看到您赤裸的作者Ron Hoff提醒我們，您的演講在計(jì)劃階段就應(yīng)該能通過(guò)大衛(wèi)貝拉斯科測(cè)試。電影制片人大衛(wèi)貝拉斯科認(rèn)為，他每部成功電影的核心思想都能夠簡(jiǎn)化成一句話，可以寫(xiě)在名片背面。試試看。您能凝練演示稿的主要內(nèi)容，并將其寫(xiě)在名片上嗎？如果您做不到，那

38、么您就需要再次思考，牢記演講內(nèi)容。這也是您啟動(dòng)PowerPoint（Keynote）軟件之前需要做的事情。9. The art ofstory telling9.講故事的藝術(shù) Good presentations include stories. The best presenters illustrate their points with the use ofstories, most often personal ones. The easiest way to explain complicated ideasis through examples or by sharing a story that underscores the point. Storiesare easy to remember for your audience. If you want your audience to rem