優(yōu)化方案新課標全國卷Ⅰ高考英語二輪復習第一部分語法專題突破3動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件

1、2016高考導航適用于全國卷專題3動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)考查點201520142013命題趨勢名詞1.全國卷61題一般過去時 2.全國卷67題一般現(xiàn)在時3.全國卷短文改錯第一處一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時1.全國卷61題一般過去時 2.全國卷短文改錯第四處過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時全國卷短文改錯第二處一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時在語法填空及短文改錯中側重考查一般時、進行時及完成時。通常是根據(jù)所設置的語境中的信息判斷時態(tài)以及主謂語之間的主動或被動關系?？疾辄c201520142013命題趨勢動詞語態(tài)全國卷短文改錯第五處現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時主動語態(tài)未考未考在語法填空及短文改錯中側重考查一般時、進行時及完成時。通常是根據(jù)

2、所設置的語境中的信息判斷時態(tài)以及主謂語之間的主動或被動關系。專題3動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1(2015高考全國卷，語法填空，節(jié)選)This cycle_(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.2If it_(turn) cold again，theyll dive back down.But they come out again if it

3、 is warm.Last，how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter?考點一一般時goesturns3The boy_(open)his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.4(2015河南高考適應性模擬)If I hold it for a minute，thats not a problem.If I hold it for an hour，I_(have) an ache in my right arm.If I h

4、old it for a day，youll have to call an ambulance.openedwill have1一般現(xiàn)在時(1)一般現(xiàn)在時表示經常性或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。由動詞原形或動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式(be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時用am/is/are)構成。My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends at 3：30 pm.我理想的學校上午8：30上課，下午3：30放學。(2)如果主句是一般將來時，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句，if和unless引導的條

5、件狀語從句及讓步狀語從句中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時比他剛上任時更富有。2一般過去時(1)常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用；也可表示過去習慣性的動作。(2015高考重慶卷，單項填空，改編)Is Peter coming?彼得要來嗎？No，he changed his mind after a phone call at the

6、 last minute.不來了。在最后時刻接了一個電話后他改變了主意。(2015高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I asked，“What do you wish me to do now？”當我問：“你現(xiàn)在想要我做什么？”的時候，我掩飾不住內心的渴望之情。(2)有些句子，雖然沒有明確地表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的此類動詞有know，think，expect，want等。Edward，you play so well.But I didnt know you play

7、ed the piano.愛德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會彈鋼琴。3一般將來時“shall/will動詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?！皐ill動詞原形”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。(2015高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.杰克遜博士現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。All right.I will call him later.好的。我稍后給他打電話。I hope you will behave yourself at the dinner party.我希望你在晚宴上表現(xiàn)得大方得體。單句語法

8、填空1Years ago，when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries，I_(live) in the heart of a city.2(2015山東日照二模)Therefore，maintaining a healthy diet not only_(provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.livedprovides3(2015河南考前質量檢測二)Man changes his living habits

9、 in order to adjust to climate，but climate_(change) as well，though more slowly.By learning more about his climate，man will find a way to adapt to or control it and live a more comfortable life.4(2016安徽安慶五校聯(lián)考)I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday.I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you_(be)

10、a bigger man.changeswill be1He_(look) for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.2(2015高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識，改編)Marty_(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.3(2015龍口模擬)McDonalds _(work) hard to get its customers back now.In January，the company ran a

11、n advertisement during the Super Bowl.考點二進行時was lookinghas been workingis working1現(xiàn)在進行時(1)表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行著的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like?我聽說你在酒吧工作。感覺怎么樣？Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.哦，工作很辛苦，我也總是很累，不過我不介意。(2)某些表示位置移動的動詞，如c

12、ome，go，leave，arrive，start，move等詞，可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生或計劃要做的事。The ship is leaving for New York soon.這條船很快就要開往紐約。2過去進行時(1)表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作,或與過去發(fā)生的某事同時發(fā)生的動作;也可表示過去某個時間段內一直在進行的動作。I walked slowly through the market，where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and boug

13、ht what I needed.我慢慢地走過一個市場，人們在那里銷售各種各樣的水果與蔬菜。我認真地研究了它們的價格之后，買了些我所需要的。(2)短暫性動詞可用過去進行時表示過去按計劃、安排要做的事。I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些時候去看你，但是我不得不打電話取消了。3將來進行時表示將來某時或某一時段正在進行的動作，常表示事情的正常發(fā)展。Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?今天下午兩點我給你回電話可以嗎？I

14、m sorry，but by then I will be flying to Beijing.How about five?對不起，那時我正飛往北京，五點鐘怎么樣？單句語法填空1(2015河南頂級名校5月模擬)“I_(eat) with my wife and children，”he said，“when we heard a loud noise.A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us.”2(2015臨沂模擬)Alice and her classmates_(enjoy) their holiday this time

15、next month.3(2015山東師大附中模擬)They have lit our dinnertime，the bedrooms and now I_(sit) by one in the kitchen.was eatingwill be enjoyingam sitting1(2015濰坊高考模擬) At last firefighters have put out a big forest fire in California.Since then，they_(set) about finding out how the fire began.2(2015滕州5月模擬)One Fr

16、iday afternoon，after she had finished shopping and had taken all the things to her car，she found that she_(forget) to buy some sugar.3(2016山東鄒城一中月考)That was the first time I_(be) to Hong Kong so I had great difficulty finding the hotel.考點三完成時have sethad forgottenhad been一、現(xiàn)在完成時1表示過去發(fā)生的或已經完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造

17、成了影響或結果，常與lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等時間狀語連用。Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.到目前為止，工作進展得很順利，我們確信一定會按時完工。2表示過去已經開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“since時間點”或“for時間段”等表示一段時間的狀語連用。I remember you were

18、 a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?我記得你在大學時是一位極有才華的鋼琴師。你能為我彈鋼琴嗎？Sorry，I havent played the piano for years.抱歉，我好多年沒有彈鋼琴了。二、過去完成時1表示到過去某一時間之前動作已經完成，即“過去的過去”?；虮硎緩倪^去某一時間開始，延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，這一動作或狀態(tài)可能一直持續(xù)到過去這一時刻，也可能將繼續(xù)下去。By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had grad

19、uated from college.杰克從英國回到家時，他的兒子已經大學畢業(yè)了。2有時可表示一種未實現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，常用于該用法的動詞有intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等。He had intended to speak，but time did not permit.他本想發(fā)言，可是時間不允許。三、完成進行時完成進行時表示從過去某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作可能剛完成，也可能仍在進行，具有持續(xù)性和未完成性。該時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞。The manager has been telling the workers ho

20、w to improve the program since 9 am.從上午9點開始，經理就一直在告訴工人們如何改進這個項目。In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.為了找到那個失蹤的孩子，過去的五小時里，村民們做了他們所能做的一切。四、將來完成時將來完成時表示在將來的某一時間之前將會完成的動作，并往往對將來的某一時間產生影響。由“shall/willhave過去分詞”構成。By the time Mr.Smith arrives at

21、 the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.等史密斯先生到達超市時，我們將已經在那里待了一個小時了。名師指津常用完成時的句型句型例句It is/has been一段時間since從句(since從句用一般過去時)It was/had been一段時間since從句(since從句用過去完成時)It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已待了三年。It/This is the first/second/.timethat sb.have/has done.；It/This w

22、as the first/second/.timethat sb.had done.This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema as a family.這是我們全家人第一次到電影院看電影。句型例句That/This/It is/was最高級名詞定語從句(從句常用完成時)In his view，too，that was the best poem that he had ever written.他也認為，那是他所寫得最好的詩。Hardly/Scarcely.when.；No sooner.than.(主句常用過去完成時，從句

23、用一般過去時)Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.比賽剛剛開始就下起雨來。單句語法填空1(2015淮安二模)Global oil prices_(fall) since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily.2(2015高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)In the last few years，China_(make) great achievements in environmental

24、protection.have been fallinghas made3(2015浙江杭州一次質檢)Mr.White_(work) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.4(2015聊城模擬)By next Thursday，they_(complete) the construction of the new school.had workedwill have completed1(2015高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)I had a strong desire to reach in and p

25、lay with the toy，but _(hold) back thankfully by the shop window.2After everything_(do) and just after he left the barbers，he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.考點四被動語態(tài)was heldwas done3(2015日照模擬)Have they got our car repaired?I dont know.But it_(repair) when I called them yesterday.4(2015江西

26、鷹潭二模)If you so desire and cannot afford one，a lawyer_(appoint) without any charge before any questioning.was being repairedwill be appointed1被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)常見的時態(tài)變化列表如下：形態(tài)時間一般進行完成現(xiàn)在過去am/is/are過去分詞am/is/are being過去分詞have/has been過去分詞was/were過去分詞was/were being過去分詞had

27、 been過去分詞形態(tài)時間一般進行完成將來過去將來shall/will be過去分詞should/would be過去分詞shall/will have been過去分詞Dont worry.The hard work that you do now will be repaid later in life.不要擔心，你現(xiàn)在的努力工作在以后的生活中會得到回報的。In the spoken English of some areas in the US.，the“r”sounds at the end of the words are dropped.在美國一些地方的口語中，單詞結尾的“r”的發(fā)

28、音通常被省略掉了。2主動形式表示被動意義以下形式常用主動形式表示被動意義：分類例詞例句連系動詞實義動詞smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove，turn等后接形容詞作表語時。表示主語的屬性、特征或功能的詞，如read，write，sell，wash等，常與well，badly，easily，smoothly等副詞連用時。表示“開始”、“結束”的詞：如begin，start，finish，end等。Your suggestion proved quite effective.你的建議已被證明是很有效的。This pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來很流暢

29、。The party finished with a song.聚會以一首歌曲結束。分類例詞例句非謂語動詞need，want，require(需要)，deserve(值得)等后接doing時。The clock needs winding once a week.這只鬧鐘需要每周上一次發(fā)條。在beadj.(difficult，hard，heavy，dangerous，pleasant，comfortable等)to do結構中。Its difficult to see how more savings can be made.看到如何進一步節(jié)約是很難的。單句語法填空1(2015山東省實驗中學二模)She_(elect)to the New York State Assembly.In 1968 she announced she would run for the Unit