各種物流管理策略通用PPT課件

1、Chapter 2 Logistics strategy and planning Focused on planning and the decision making that leads to good logistics plans that contribute to the financial goals of the firm.Objectives of the firmVisioning processDefinitive plansCorporate strategyFunctional strategyFour components of strategyCustomers

2、SuppliersCompetitorsCompanyCorporate strategy The corporate strategy drives the functional strategies since they are contained within the former, as shown in Figure 2-1.Corporate strategy Box 2.1 exampleXeror : to be No. 1 in field serviceStar Kist Food : supply-side strategy, marketing and logistic

3、s responded with their plan to control the potential excess inventories. Logistics strategy Three objectives :cost reduction warehouse location, transport modescapital reduction shipping directly, public warehouseservice improvement Logistics strategy Box 2.2 exampleOffice machine company :Tradition

4、ally, technicians were assigned from a service center to the customer repair site.Improve when a machine broke down; a replacement machine would be sent to the customer and the broken machine sent to the service center for repair. See figure 2-2, flow of logistics planning. Logistics strategy Flow o

5、f Logistics Planning各種物流管理策略基本策略環(huán)境因應(yīng)策略減少物流時間為基礎(chǔ)之策略提高資產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)力之物流策略物流基本策略最小總成本策略最高顧客服務(wù)策略最大利潤策略最大競爭策略環(huán)境因應(yīng)策略1配銷策略目標(biāo)成本服務(wù)環(huán)境變數(shù)顧客變數(shù)特性服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)數(shù)量訂貨型態(tài)通路變數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)議價能力績效功能產(chǎn)品變數(shù)物徵物流變數(shù)運(yùn)輸存貨設(shè)備資訊環(huán)境因應(yīng)策略2供給策略目標(biāo)連續(xù)性協(xié)調(diào)性成本環(huán)境變數(shù)物料-產(chǎn)品價格風(fēng)險市場：供給，需求變動供應(yīng)商可靠度容量品質(zhì)運(yùn)送整合性物流變數(shù)運(yùn)輸存貨訂貨處理協(xié)調(diào)環(huán)境因應(yīng)策略3國際物流策略國際分工物流效率生策略關(guān)稅優(yōu)勢&物流效率比較利益政府影響財務(wù)因素財務(wù)風(fēng)險貨幣匯率公司環(huán)境減少物流時間

6、之策略及時化系統(tǒng)(Just-in-Time, JIT)與快速回應(yīng)系統(tǒng)(Quick-Response System, QR)條碼之應(yīng)用先進(jìn)科技之應(yīng)用EDI, VAN直接送貨月臺(Cross-Docking)提高資產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)力之物流策略直接由工廠送貨第三者物流服務(wù)( Third Party Logistics)Logistics planning 1.Level of planningStrategic planning : usually more than one year.Tactical planning : usually less than one year.Operational pla

7、nning : is short-range decision making.See table 2-1, examples of strategic, tactical and operational decision making.Table 2-1, Examples of strategic, tactical and operational decision making.Logistics planning 2. Major planning areas Four major problem areas:a. customer service levelsb. facility l

8、ocationc. inventory decisionsd. transportation decisionsSee Figure 2-3, the triangle of logistics decision making.3. Conceptualizing the logistics planning problem Links: the links of the network represent the movement of goods between various inventory storage points.Nodes: the storage points retai

9、l stores, warehouse, factories or vendors.Logistics system : include product flow and information flow.Order cycle time inventory levels customer service. affectaffect4 when to plan a. logistics system not exist.b. to modify the existing system.(1) Demand(2) Customer service : includes inventory ava

10、ilability, speed of delivery, and order-filling speed and accuracy.(3) Product characteristics Ex: product weight, volume (cube), value and risk.(4) logistics costsa.total cost. b.to improve the logistics system.(5) Pricing policyEx f.o.b factory price vs. delivered price.Guidelines for strategy for

11、mulation 1.Total cost concept2.Differentiated distribution3.Mixed strategy4.Postponement5.Consolidation6.StandardizationTotal cost concept Trade-off analysis : is the recognition that cost patterns of various activities of the firm frequently display characteristics that put them in conflict with on

12、e another. Transportation service characteristics : Transportation cost vs. Inventory cost.The best economic choice occurs at the point where the sum of both costs is lowest. (dashed line)(a)setting the customer service levelimproved customer service level will reduce lost sales cost.improved servic

13、e usually means that more must be paid for transportation, order processing and inventories.(b)Determining the number of warehouses in a logistics system. When the number of stocking points is increased (1)transportation costs decline.(2)inventory costs rise.(c) Setting safety stock levelsWhen safet

14、y stock is increased:(1)customer service (2)inventory carrying cost (3)lost sales cost (4)transportation costs remain relatively unaffected.(d) Setting the sequence of production runs for multiple productsAs the production sequence is changed.1.inventory carrying cost (mass production)2.production c

15、osts (setup times changeover cost )Box 2.4 Application Marine products manufacturer constructing a warehouse in St. LouisConsider transportation costs minimizeConsider inventory costs minimizeConstructing warehouse in Chicago.Final, the partially constructed warehouse and move the inventory to Chica

16、goDifferentiated distribution Not all products should be provided the same level of customer service.Different customer service requirement, different product characteristics, and different sales levels.Inventory location.Transportation rate (vehicle load volumes)Sales volume.Fast-moving items forwa

17、rd locations in the distribution channel.Medium volume items in fewer regional locations.Slow moving items centralized stocking points such as plants.Differentiated distribution See Box 2.5 application.A small specialty chemical company.All products were produced at a single location.All large custo

18、mer orders (top 10% of the companys volume), will to be shipped direct to customers from the plant.Other small shipment sizes, were to be shipped out of two strategically located warehouse.Saved 20% distribution costs.Others:Regular customer orders : regular distribution channel might be to fill ord

19、ers from warehouses.Back orders : out-of-stock, a backup distribution might be to fill orders from secondary stocking points.Mixed strategyThe concept of a mixed strategy is similar to that of differentiated distribution.See Box 2-6 application.Drug retailer: Six warehouses was used to service about

20、 1000 stores.Strategy:1.Private warehouses and trucks to provide high levels of service to the stores.2.Use some public (for rent) warehouse space, could offer lower total costs.Mixed strategyA total cost curve for single and mixed warehousing strategies.Postponement The time of shipment and the loc

21、ation of final product processing in the distribution of a product should be delayed until a customer order is received.Ex: Dell computer corporation, practices form postponement by configuring microcomputer system to customer order from available options.Postponement type Postponement is favored wh

22、en the following characteristics appear to be present:Technology & process characteristicsProduct characteristicsMarket characteristicsConsolidation Creating large shipments from small ones.Ex: customer orders arriving at a warehouse might be combined with orders received at a later time period.Box 2.9 applic