光伏太陽能專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、AC交流電AlternatingcurrentAmorphoussiliconsolarcell非晶硅太陽能電池Thin-filmsolarcellsareusuallyproducedbyevaporatingseveralsemi-conductorfilmsontoaso-calledsubstrateAmpere安培UnitindicatingthestrengthofelectriccurrentAssemblingsystem集成系統(tǒng)Systemtoinstallsolarmodulesonroofs,fa?adesorinthefield.Azimuthangle方位角Descr

2、ibesthedeviationfromtheSouthtowardsEast-westerndirectionBuilding-integratedPV(BIPV)UsedtodescribeastructurewherePVreplacesconventionalmaterialsandisintegratedintothebuilding.Typically,aphotovoltaicarrayisincorporatedintotherooforwallsofabuilding.RooftileswithintegratedPVcellscannowbepurchased.Arrays

3、canalsoberetrofittedintoexistingbuildings;inthiscasetheyareusuallyfittedontopoftheexistingroofstructure.Alternatively,anarraycanbelocatedseparatelyfromthebuildingbutconnectedbycabletosupplypowerforthebuilding.By-passdiode旁路二極管Conductstheelectricityautomaticallypastamoduleincaseitisshadowedinoneserie

4、s.Thisissupposedtopreventanydestructionduetooverheating.Circuit電路Asystemofconductorsthatconveyelectricity.CdTesolarcell碲化鎘太陽能電池Thin-filmsolarcellmadeofverythinCdTesemi-conductorfilms(3microns)CISsolarcellThin-filmsolarcellmadeofseveralfilmsofdifferentlydopedcopper-indium-diselenideCircuitbreaker斷路開關(guān)

5、Asafetydevicethatshutsoffpowerwhenitsensestoomuchcurrent.Combinerbox和路箱WheretheelectricalwiringfromthePVmodulesisjoinedtogetherinparalleltocombineelectricalcurrents.Conductor導(dǎo)體Amaterialthatisusedtoconveyelectricity,i.e.wires.Conversionefficiency轉(zhuǎn)換效率Thepercentageofelectricitythatiscreatedbyasolarcell

6、ascomparedtotheamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatelectricity.Current電流Theflowofelectricitybetweentwopoints.Measuredinamps.DC直流電DirectcurrentEnergeticamortizationperiod能量償還期Periodoftimeaphotovoltaicsystemrequirestoproducetheenergyrequiredforproduction.Efficiency功率Theratioofoutputenergytoinputenergy.E

7、lectricalgrid電網(wǎng)Alargedistributionnetworkthatdeliverselectricityoverawidearea.Electrode電極Aconductorusedtoleadcurrentintooroutofanonmetallicpartofacircuit.Energy能量Usablepower.MeasuredinkWh.Energyaudit能量審核Aprocessthatdetermineshowmuchenergyyouuseinyourhouseorapartment.Energyyield能量輸出Electricenergyindic

8、atedinkWhyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemENSEquipmenttocontrolthegridwithattributedall-polecontrolelementinseries.TheENSincludesaredundantvoltageandfrequencycontroloftheelectricitygridandevaluatesanyleapsascertainedinthegridimpedance.Ifthesetlimitsareexceeded,theENSwillswitchofftheinverter.Whenthelinevo

9、ltageisre-established,theinverterwillrestartoperationautomatically.EuropeanefficiencyrateWeightedefficiencyrateiscalculatedbyweightingdifferentpartialloadefficiencyratesandthefull-loadefficiencyrateinlinewiththefrequencyoftheirappearance.Facadesystem正面系統(tǒng)Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonthefacadeofabuild

10、ingoranintegralpartofafacade.Feed-inmeter輸入計(jì)Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyintothepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Mismatchinginterconnectionofbetterandworsemodulesinonestringasaconsequenceofwhichtheworstmoduleofoneseriesdeterminestheelectricity.Fieldsystem野外系統(tǒng)Photovoltaicsysteminstalledina

11、fieldFlat-roofsystem平臺(tái)屋頂系統(tǒng)Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonaflatroof.Fossilfuels礦物燃料Fuelsthatareformedundergroundfromtheremainsofdeadplantsandanimals.i.e.oil,naturalgas,andcoalarefossilfuels.Globalradiation總輻射Sumofdiffuse,directandreflectedsolarradiationontoahorizontalsurface.Greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)Whenhea

12、tfromthesunbecomestrappedintheEarthsatmosphereduetocertaingases.Greenhousegases溫室氣體ThegasesresponsiblefortrappingheatfromthesunwithintheEarthsatmosphere.i.e.watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,ozone,chlorofluorocarbons,andnitrogenoxides.Grid電網(wǎng)Adistributionnetwork,includingtowers,poles,andwiresthatautil

13、ityusestodeliverelectricity.Grid-connectedPVsystem并網(wǎng)光伏系統(tǒng)Whentheelectricitygridisavailablebutelectricityfromacleansource(solar)isdesired,solarpanelscanbeconnectedtothegrid.Providedthatsufficientpanelsareplaced,theappliancesinthehouse/buildingwillthenrunonsolarelectricity.Agrid-connectedsolarelectrici

14、tysystembasicallyconsistsofoneormoresolarpanels,aninverter,cables,theelectricloadandasupportstructuretomountthesolarpanels.Hertz(HZ)赫茲Thefrequencyofelectricalcurrentdescribedincyclespersecond,i.e.AppliancesintheUnitedStatesuse60HZ.Inverter逆變器ConvertstheDCoutputofthePVsystemintousableACoutputthatcanb

15、efeddirectlyintothebuildingload.Irradiance輻照度theamountofsolarenergythatstrikesasurfaceduringaspecifictimeperiod.Measuredinkilowatts.I-VcurveIV曲線Agraphthatplotsthecurrentversusthevoltagefromthesolarcellastheelectricalload(orresistance)isincreasedfromshortcircuit(noload)toopencircuit(maximumvoltage).T

16、heshapeofthecurvecharacterizingcellperformance.ThreeimportantpointsontheIVcurvearetheopen-circuitvoltage,short-circuitcurrent,andpeakormaximumpower(operating)point.JunctionboxThepointonasolarmodulewhereitconnects,orisstrung,toothersolarmodules.In-roofinstallation鑲嵌屋頂系統(tǒng)Photovoltaicsystemwhichisintegr

17、atedintotheroofcladdingIslandsystem獨(dú)立系統(tǒng)Grid-independentpowersupplysystemkWh-kilowatthourUnitindicatingenergy/workandcorrespondingwiththeperformanceofonekilowattduringaperiodofonehourkWp-KilowattpeakUnitindicatingthemaximumperformanceunderstandardtestconcitions(STC)Load負(fù)載Theamountofelectricaldemandus

18、edinthebuildingatanygiventime.Mono-crystallinesiliconsolarcell單晶硅太陽能系統(tǒng)Basicrawmaterialisamonocrystaldrawnfrommeltedsilicon.Multi-crystallinesiliconsolarcell多晶硅太陽能電池Basicrawmaterialissolarsiliconcastinblocks.NationalElectricalCode(NEC)國家電氣代碼TheU.S.minimuminspectionrequirementsforalltypesofelectricali

19、nstallations,includingsolarsystems.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA)國家電力生產(chǎn)商協(xié)會(huì)TheU.S.tradeassociationthatdevelopsstandardsfortheelectricalmanufacturingindustry.NRELTheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory國家可再生能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室Anationallabthatconcentratesonstudyinganddevelopingrenewableenergysources.Op

20、encircuitvoltage開路電壓MaximumvoltageinanelectriccircuitwhichisgeneratedwhentheelectricityIequalszero(dependingontermperature).Performanceguarantee性能質(zhì)保Extendedguaranteeofthemoduleproducerfortheperformanceofthesolarmodules.Performancetolerance性能公差Tolerancestatedbytheproducerwithregardstothenominalpower.

21、Poly-cristallinesolarcell多晶硅太陽能電池Seemulti-crystallinesiliconsolarcell.PSC電力供應(yīng)公司Powersupplycompanies.Peakload最大負(fù)荷Thelargestamountofelectricitybeingusedatanyonepointduringtheday.Photovoltaic(PV)光伏theconversionoflightintoelectricity.ThetermphotocomesfromtheGreekphos,meaninglight.VoltaicisnamedforAlessa

22、ndroVolta(1745-1827),apioneerinthestudyofelectricityforwhomthetermvoltwasnamed.Photovoltaics,then,meanslightelectricity.Photovoltaic(PV)module光伏組件Anumberofphotovoltaiccellselectricallyinterconnectedandmountedtogether,usuallyinasealedunitofconvenientsizeforshipping,handlingandassemblingintoarrays.The

23、termmoduleisoftenusedinterchangeablywiththetermpanel.Photovoltaicarray光伏陣列Aninterconnectedsystemofsolarmodulesthatfunctionasasingleelectricity-producingunit.Photovoltaiccell光伏電池(格)Thisisthebasicunitofasolarmodulethatcollectsthesunsenergy.Photovoltaicsystem光伏系統(tǒng)Acompletesetofcomponentsthatconvertssunl

24、ightintousableelectricity.Rectifier整流器TransformsalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrentRoofinclination屋頂傾斜度AngleofarooftowardsthehorizontalRatedpower額定功率Nominalpoweroutputofaninverter;someunitscannotproduceratedpowercontinuously.SemiconductorAmaterialthathasanelectricalconductivityinbetweenthatofametala

25、ndaninsulator.TypicalsemiconductorsforPVcellsincludesilicon,galliumarsenide,copperindiumdiselenide,andcadmiumelluride.Short-circuitelectricity短路電流Maximumelectricityinanelectriccircuit,whichisgeneratedwhenthevoltageUattheterminalsequalszero(proportionaltosolarradiation).SolargeneratorSumofsolarmodule

26、s.Specificenergyyield能量生產(chǎn)率(比能率)ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhandyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemdividedbytheinstalledperformance(kWp).StandardTestConditions-STC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試條件Generalconditionsunderwhichtheperfomanceofasolarmoduleismeasuredinalaboratory.Constantfactorsformeasuringare:Irradianceof1,000W/m25f;lightspectrumafterpenetrationof1.5folddensityoftheatmosphere(AM1,5);temperatureofthesolarcell25C.Supplymeter電源表Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyfromthepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Termperaturecoefficient溫度系數(shù)Indicatestowhatextenttheindividualfactorchangeswiththetemperature.Temperature-indep