仁愛英語八年級下冊賓語從句語法講解 (2)

1、仁愛英語八年級下冊賓語從句語法講解掌握賓語從句的語序。掌握引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞。掌握賓語從句中，主句與從句在時態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。【課前準(zhǔn)備】要求學(xué)生回顧賓語從句的概念及其用法，并用各種引導(dǎo)詞各造一個句子?！局R要點(diǎn)】【1】.賓語從句在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語，從句放在主句之后，前后不用逗號分開?！?】引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有：1.連詞that(在口語中that?？墒÷?，if, whether,如： He knows that Jim will work hard.2.連接代詞who, whom, which等，如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting

2、for?3.連接副詞when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?【3】whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情況下兩者可以換用，但在介詞之后，不定式之前，與or not連用，在句首或在引導(dǎo)表語從句，同位語從句時，只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesnt know whether to stay or not?【4】賓語從句要用陳述句語序。【5】賓語從句一定要注意時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，即：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是過去式

3、時，從句中謂語動詞也要用過去范疇的時態(tài)，但若從句陳述的是真理或客觀規(guī)律，其謂語的時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時，如： He asked who could answer the question. My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.【6】一個賓語從句只能用一個連詞?！?】當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think, believe等動詞時，賓語從句的否定意義要放到主句中。另外，當(dāng)主句主語為第一人稱時，后面若接附加疑問句，那么附加疑問句的主語、謂語應(yīng)與從句中的主謂語保持一致。如： I dont think he looks like his fathe

4、r, does he?【9】直接引語和間接引語也是賓語從句，直接引語是引述別人的原話，放在引號內(nèi),不用連詞聯(lián)接；間接引語是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，通常用連接詞與主句聯(lián)接。 (1)陳述句變?yōu)橐詔hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如： He said,“Im happy.”FY()FYHe said that he was happy. (2)一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如： He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?” -He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. (3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛蓋ho, wha

5、t, where, how等疑問詞(連接代詞或連接副詞)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如： He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?” -He asked me where Mr Wang was.注意上述例句中連詞、時態(tài)、語序等變化。賓語從句【常見用法：】【1】常由that引導(dǎo)，在口語中常省略。當(dāng)主句中謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時，從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響，按需要可以使用任何時態(tài)?！?】當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時態(tài)，而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理（事實(shí)）時，賓語從句的時態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時?！?】由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。引出名詞性從句的連詞whether和if，在引出賓語從

6、句時，用法和意義相同。但是只能引出賓語從句和不在句首的主語從句，而whether除了引出賓語從句外，還可引出主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。【英語中賓語從句要點(diǎn)精析】一、賓語從句是復(fù)合句的一種，在句子中主要用來作動詞或介詞的賓語，它不僅是初三英語的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)之一，而且是歷年來中考的一個考點(diǎn)，因此，筆者將其歸納為以下要點(diǎn)，供同學(xué)們理解記憶。賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞；1.主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；2.主句一般過去時，從句須用相應(yīng)時；3.陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問句用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。解析：1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，一般將來時或祈使句時，從句不受主句的

7、限制，根據(jù)自身的需要選用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。例如：I know that hell come back in an hour.Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?Could you tell me when he was born?2.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，從句要用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)。例如：He said that he would go to Beijing.I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.She told me she was born in 1985.注意：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是

8、客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：He said that the earth moves round the sun.The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.3.陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞用that,口語中常常省略；一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether;特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語序。例如：Hell leave a message on the desk. H

9、e says.He says that hell leave a message on the desk.Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know.Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.How much does it cost to fly to Hainan? Could you tell me.Could you tell me how much it costs to fly to Hainan?二、特殊性：A：當(dāng)do you think后

10、接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞do you think陳述句語序。例如：When do you think hell come back?How many times do you think he has seen the film?Who do you think Tom is waiting for?B:當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, guess等時，而且主句的主語是第一人稱時，反意疑問句要和從句保持一致，并且要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I think hell come back soon, wont he?I dont think h

11、ell come back soon，will he?三、賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化1.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是hope, wish, agree, choose, decide等帶賓語從句時，而且主從句的主語一致時，這時從句可以簡化成不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：We hope that we shall see you soon.We hope to see you soon.2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時，主從句的主語也須一致這時從句可以簡化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：I dont know which sweater

12、I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.He cant decide where he is going.He cant decide where to go.3.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the park?Could you tell me how to get to the park?Please teach him ho

13、w he should learn English well.Please teach him how to learn English well【賓語從句練習(xí)題】(1).( ) 1. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 .Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never

14、 been( ) 3. The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are( ) 4. She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 .Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled(2)

15、.( ) 1. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 2 .I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 3. I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 4 .She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would

16、he be C. he will be( ) 5 .I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when( ) 6 .Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how( ) 7 .He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose(3).( ) 1.They dont know _their p

17、arents are. A that B what C why D which( ) 2.Please tell me _what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( ) 3.She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( )

18、 4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( ) 6 Could you tell me _? A. when will th

19、ey leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave BeijingI從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個正確選項(xiàng)填空。 ( )1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If ( )2. I dont know _ the day after tomor

20、row. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come ( )3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where ( )4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mendedD. what he mended ( )5.

21、 I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after ( )6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live ( )7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leaveC. will the train

22、leave D. the train leaves ( )8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are ( )9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. whe

23、re is their stockings in D. what in their stockings ( )10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means II. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ l

24、iving in China? 2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home a

25、fter they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.【賓語從句練習(xí)題】一單項(xiàng)選擇( )1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. too

26、k B. take C. takes D. will take ( )2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are ( )4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B.

27、 she could C. she can D. she may ( )5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled( )6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( )7 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( )8 I hardly unde

28、rstand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who ( )9. She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D. if he will come( )10.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.when ( )11. Do you know _ they listened to yesterd

29、ay evening?A. what B when C why D how( )12.He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14.Please tell me _what last year. A.where does your sister work B. where did your sister work C where your sister works D.

30、where your sister worked( )15.She asked me if I knew _A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( )16. You must remember _.what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( )17. Did you know _?A. who he was loo

31、king after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( )18. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing( )19. Could you tell me_?A .where do you live B. who you

32、are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )20.I want to know how longA.has he been back Bhas he come backC.he has been back Dhe has come back( )21.Do you know ?Awhat the news are Bwhat is the newsCwhat the news is Dwhat are the news( )22.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got