八年級(jí)英語外研版下冊(cè)Module3_知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件

1、Module3 Journey to space知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件Unit 1Has it arrived yet?知識(shí)點(diǎn)一no problem的用法教材原文Sure,no problem.當(dāng)然,沒問題。no problem是常見的口語表達(dá),意為“沒問題”,用于回應(yīng)他人的求助或請(qǐng)求。Could you please close the window, Mike? 邁克,請(qǐng)你關(guān)上窗戶,好嗎?No problem. 沒問題。例(2017山東臨沂中考)Could you please take out the rubbish?. But I want to drink a cup of water firs

2、t.A.Thank youB.Sure, no problemC.Youre welcomeD.No, I cant解析本題考查交際用語。問句的含義是“請(qǐng)你把垃圾倒了,好嗎”,根據(jù)答語中的“但是我想先喝杯水”可推斷,所缺的句子是B。答案B知識(shí)點(diǎn)二news的用法教材原文Have you heard the latest news? 你聽說最新的消息了嗎?本句中的news是不可數(shù)名詞,意為“新聞;消息”。a piece of news表示“一則新聞”。Id like to tell you some news about the singer.我想告訴你一些關(guān)于那名歌手的新聞。例(2017黑龍江齊

3、齊哈爾中考)The 24th Winter Olympics will be held in China in 2022.good news it is!A.WhatB.What aC.How解析news是不可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)“What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+it is)!”的結(jié)構(gòu)可知答案為A。答案A知識(shí)點(diǎn)三Thats why.的句式教材原文Thats why its on the news.那就是它(宇宙飛船)上新聞的原因。Thats why.表示“那就是的原因”,其中why引導(dǎo)表語從句。Thats why I dont like animals. 那就是我不喜歡動(dòng)物的原因。例(2017天津紅橋

4、區(qū)期中) You have spent too much time playing com-puter games. Thatsyour eyes hurt.A.whyB.howC.whatD.when解析句意:你花太多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲了,那就是你眼睛疼的原因。故所缺的詞是why。答案A知識(shí)點(diǎn)四discover的用法教材原文So have they discovered life on Mars? 那他們?cè)诨鹦巧习l(fā)現(xiàn)生命了嗎?discover作動(dòng)詞,意為“發(fā)現(xiàn);找到;查明”。Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。辨析discover

5、與invent discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,多指發(fā)現(xiàn)先前已經(jīng)存在的東西invent意為“發(fā)明”, 是發(fā)明或創(chuàng)造先前不曾存在的東西Recently they have discovered a comet. 最近他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆彗星。I think the calculator was invented before the computer. 我認(rèn)為計(jì)算器是在電腦之前發(fā)明的。例(2016山東濟(jì)南中考)The 17-year-old high school student is trying to a robot which can think like a human. A.discover

6、B.organizeC.invent D.achieve 解析本題考查動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。discover發(fā)現(xiàn);organize組織;invent發(fā)明;achieve完成。結(jié)合本題語境可知,那名17歲高中生正努力“發(fā)明”一個(gè)能夠像人一樣思考的機(jī)器人。故所缺的詞是invent。答案C知識(shí)點(diǎn)五in order to的用法教材原文Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day. 許多科學(xué)家正努力工作,為的是有朝一日送宇航員去火星。in order to是固定搭配,意為“目的是;以便”,后跟動(dòng)詞

7、原形,用于引出目的狀語。in order to do sth.可以和so that, in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。We started early in order to arrive before dark.=We started early so that we could arrive before dark.=We started early in order that we could arrive before dark. 為了在天黑前到達(dá),我們很早就動(dòng)身了。例(2017山東濱州三校第一次月考) Tom works hardearn (掙) more

8、money.A.in order thatB.in order toC.so thatD.as if解析本題考查in order to的用法。句意:湯姆努力工作,為的是賺更多的錢。in order to表示“為的是”,后跟動(dòng)詞原形。答案B知識(shí)點(diǎn)六search for的用法教材原文You can go online to search for information.你可以上網(wǎng)搜索信息。search for是固定搭配,意為“搜尋;尋找”,其中search作動(dòng)詞,意為“搜尋”。They are busy searching for the missing children.他們忙于尋找那些失蹤兒童

9、。辨析search與search forsearch +地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)所The police searched the room.警察搜查了那個(gè)房間。search for +對(duì)象、目標(biāo)They are searching for the boy.他們正在搜尋那個(gè)男孩。例(2017安徽合肥瑤海區(qū)期中) Hearing the news, more and more peo-ple started tothe lost child.A.search forB.take awayC.lift upD.look after解析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別是:search for搜尋;take away解除;lift

10、up舉起;look after照顧。結(jié)合本題語境可知,聽到這個(gè)消息,越來越多的人開始搜尋那個(gè)失蹤的孩子,故答案為A。答案A知識(shí)點(diǎn)七there be 句型的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)教材原文Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hun-dreds of millions of years.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為地球上的生命已經(jīng)有億萬年的歷史了。there has been life on the earth為there be句型的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為“there have/has been+主語+地點(diǎn)狀語”。There have been th

11、ree clubs in our school.在我們學(xué)校已經(jīng)有三個(gè)俱樂部了。Unit 2We have not found life on any other planets yet.例It is said that therelots of stars in the sky for millions of years. Do you think so?A.areB.wereC.will beD.have been解析考查there be句型的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)是“there have/has been.”,故答案為D。答案D知識(shí)點(diǎn)八約數(shù)表達(dá)法hundreds of意為“成百上千的;數(shù)以百計(jì)的

12、”;millions of意為“數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的”,它們都屬于約數(shù),表達(dá)模糊的數(shù)字概念。Each year, hundreds of animals are killed in this way. 每年都有數(shù)以百計(jì)的動(dòng)物被這樣殺掉。The problem is that millions of people are unemployed. 問題是數(shù)百萬人都失業(yè)了。拓展延伸thousand、billion也有這樣的搭配。thousands of意為“成千上萬的;數(shù)以千計(jì)的”;billions of意為“數(shù)十億的”。Thousands of people went to see them off at

13、 the station. 成千上萬的人去車站給他們送行了。溫馨提示This fossil may be over two million years old.這塊化石可能超過兩百萬年了。例(2017天津薊州區(qū)期中) Our school is not very big. There are about threestudents in it.A.hundredsB.hundreds ofC.hundred ofD.hundred解析設(shè)空前有具體數(shù)字three,故要用hundred的單數(shù)形式,而且其后也不加of。答案D知識(shí)點(diǎn)九一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)教材原文The sun and its plan

14、ets are called the solar system.太陽和它的行星被稱為太陽系are called是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),表示“被稱為”。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“am/is/are+過去分詞”。The flowers are watered by my grandfather every day.我爺爺每天都澆花。例(2018黑龍江綏化中考)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)People drink Chinese tea all over the world.Chinese tea all over the world.解析本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)是am/is/are+過去分詞。

15、答案is drunk知識(shí)點(diǎn)十impossible的用法教材原文It is impossible to imagine.這是不可能想象到的。impossible作形容詞,意為“不可能的”,它是由possible加否定前綴構(gòu)成的派生詞。Its impossible to get everybody together at the same time. 讓所有人同時(shí)聚在一起是不可能的。You shouldnt promise whats impossible. 你不該許諾不可能的事情。例(2018四川廣安鄰水期末)根據(jù)漢語提示寫出所缺的單詞Its(不可能的)for us to finish the

16、work in such a short time. 解析本題考查impossible的寫法。答案impossible知識(shí)點(diǎn)十一communicate with sb. 的搭配教材原文Why has no one communicated with us? 為什么還沒有人和我們聯(lián)系呢?communicate with sb.表示“和某人交流/溝通”,其中communicate作動(dòng)詞,意為“交流;溝通”。Parents often find it difficult to communicate with their children.父母?jìng)兂?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)跟他們的孩子溝通很難。拓展延伸派生詞:comm

17、unication n. 交流;溝通Communication between the old and the young is not so difficult as you think.老年人和年輕人之間的交流沒有你想的那樣困難。例(2016山東菏澤中考)Today, WeChat(微信)becomes very popular, and more and more people like to use it toeach other.A.depend onB.communicate withC.believe in解析句意:現(xiàn)在,微信變得很流行,越來越多的人喜歡使用微信相互交流。本題考查

18、動(dòng)詞短語。depend on依靠;communicate with 交流;believe in相信。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B。答案BUnit 3Language in use知識(shí)點(diǎn)十二be named after的搭配教材原文For example,in English,Saturday is named after the planet Sat-urn,the sixth planet from the sun.例如,英語里星期六就是以太陽系的第六顆行星土星命名的。be named after表示“以命名”。The city is named after the national hero.這座

19、城市以這位民族英雄的名字命名。例The street is namedthe hero.A.forB.asC.afterD.with解析本題考查be named after的搭配。句意:這條街以這位英雄的名字命名。故答案為C。答案C現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(2)本模塊的語法知識(shí)還是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),不過本模塊側(cè)重講現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞以及該時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別。1.以already、just或yet為標(biāo)志already、just或yet 分別表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生。He has already got her help.他已經(jīng)得到了她的幫助。He has just seen the fil

20、m.他剛剛看過這場(chǎng)電影。He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。2.以ever或never為標(biāo)志ever和never分別表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過。This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有去過北京。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別兩種時(shí)態(tài)除結(jié)構(gòu)、句式和相搭配的時(shí)間狀語都不同之外,最重要的就是意義不同。雖然都發(fā)生在過去,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,而一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系,只是描述一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的事實(shí)而

21、已。試比較:I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容)I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影。(只說明上星期看了這部電影,不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況)例1(2018北京北師大附中期中)My auntthe room ten minutes ago. A.cleanedB.has cleanedC.cleansD.will clean 解析本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)ten minutes ago可知時(shí)態(tài)要用一般過去時(shí),故答案為A。答案A例2(2018四川成都新都區(qū)期末)My English teacher came to o

22、ur school in 2008.Hehere for ten years.A.livedB.will liveC.has lived 解析根據(jù)本題語境可知,我的英語老師在這里已經(jīng)住了十年了,再根據(jù)for ten years可知,時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故答案為C。答案Calready與yetI have already called the police.我已經(jīng)報(bào)警了。Have you finished your homework yet? 你寫完作業(yè)了嗎?already多用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中,常位于助動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前,already也可以位于句尾yet多用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的疑問句或否定句

23、中,常位于句尾例(2018廣西桂林一中期中)Has it arrived?Yes, it has arrived.A.yet;yet B.already;yetC.already;alreadyD.yet;already解析本題考查yet和already的區(qū)別。yet用在疑問句或否定句中,al-ready用在肯定句中,故答案為D。答案Dget、arrive與reachI will get to Beijing in two days.=I will arrive in Beijing in two days.=I will reach Beijing in two days.我將在兩天后到達(dá)北京。get是不及物動(dòng)詞,后跟地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)要用get toarrive是不及物動(dòng)詞,后跟地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)要用arrive in或arrive at。arrive in后跟相對(duì)較大的地方,arrive at后跟相對(duì)較小的地方reach是及物動(dòng)詞,其后可以直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞例(2018廣東佛山順德區(qū)第14周教研聯(lián)盟測(cè)式)When will Mr. GreenBeijing? In a week. A.reachB.getC.arriveD.come解析本題考查reach、get、arrive和come的區(qū)別。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有reach是及物動(dòng)詞,其后可以直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞,故答案為A