油研XXXX演講與寫作構思ppt課件

1、油研2021演講與寫作構思Selecting topicsAnalyzing audienceSupporting ideasOrganizing the body of the speechBeginning and ending the speechOutlining speechUsing languagePurpose of speechInform: informationPersuade: change audiencePrinciples of specific purposesMake sure the central idea is not too general Expre

2、ss the central idea as a full sentenceState the central idea as a declarative sentence, not as a questionAvoid figurative language in the central ideaexercisesDonate bloodTo inform my audience about the history of Western civilizationTo inform my audience about GuilinTo inform my audience that somet

3、hing has to be done about traffic jams.To inform my audience how to use the subway system in Berlin, Germany.General purpose:Specific purpose:Central idea:Main points:You should study abroad because it will enhance your personal development.You should study abroad because it will enhance your academ

4、ic development.You should study abroad because it will enhance your career development.General purpose:Specific purpose:Central idea:Main points:The first event in triathlon is swimming,The second event in triathlon is cycling.The first event in triathlon is running.General purpose:Specific purpose:

5、Central idea:Main points:Analyzing audienceAudience-centered: ObamaTo whom am I speaking?What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech?What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?Adapting to the AudienceBefore the speech: assessi

6、ng how your audiece is likely to respong to what you say in your speech; adjusting what your say to make it as clear, appropriate, and convincing.During the speech: keep an eye out for audience feedback. Frown or respond with quizzical looks, you may need to back up and go over your point again.Afte

7、r the speech: survey, modify, next speech.Supporting ideasExamplesStatisticsQuotations(paraphrase)ExamplesBrief ExamplesExtended ExamplesHypothetical ExamplesBrief Examples (specific statements):Changes in technology have made it possible for doctors to work wonders that once seemed impossible. Roge

8、r Charter, for example, lost both his feet when they were crushed in a truck accident, Now he has new feet-made of a springy plastic alloy that duplicates a normal arch. Not only can he walk normally, but he can run and play sports again.The miraculous nature of recent advances in creating artificia

9、l limbs for accident victims.Japanese businessmen have already applied Confucian ethics in their business management, and the American military academy, West Point, has taken Sunzis The Art of War as one of their textbooks, In these years, the cream of our culture, such as traditional medical scienc

10、e and medicine, acupuncture, Tai Chi, and paper cutting, has won popularity in the world.Chinas traditional culture has vigor and vitality in todays globalization.Extended examples (narratives, illustrations, anecdotes):telling storiesHypothetical examples:Imagine this: your father has been stricken

11、 with serious heart disease. At the hospital, your learn he has a chance to survive-if he can receive a heart transplant. But there are no heart donors available. Your father is of the 1.5 million Chinese each year who need an organ transplant but cannot get one because of a shortage of donors.Stati

12、sticsUse representative statisticsIdentify the sources of statisticsUse statistics from reliable sourcesRound off complicated statisticsExplain statisticsQuotations(paraphrase)Use quotations from unbiased sourcesIdentify the people quote and paraphraseOrganizing the body of the speechBody is determi

13、ned by main points.Strategic order of main pointsChronological orderSpatial orderProblem-solution orderTopical orderChronological orderSpecific purpose: to inform audience how the Great Wall of China was built.Central idea: the Great Wall of China was built in three major stages.Main points:Qin dyna

14、sty Han dynasty Ming dynastySpecific purpose: to inform audience your educational backgroundsCentral idea: in three major stages.Main points:Spatial orderSpecific purpose: to inform audience about the three major regions in ItalyCentral idea: northern, southern and central Italy have their own ident

15、ities and attractions.Main points:Problem-solution orderSpecific purpose: to persuade audience tougher measure are needed to control illegal selling of antiques.Central idea: illegal selling of antiques is a serious problem that requires a combination of government action and individual awareness.Ma

16、in points:Specific purpose:to persuade audience that China should implement stricter law enforcement to prevent accidents in coal mines.Central idea:Main points:Topical orderSpecific purpose: to inform audience about the achievements of da VinciCentral idea: painter, an inventor, an astronomerMain p

17、oints:Specific purpose: to persuade audience that China should continue its program of space explorationCentral idea:Main points:Specific purpose:to persuade audience CCTV should launch an English version of the Lecture Room.Central idea:Main points:Tips for preparing main pointsLimit the number of

18、the main pointsKeep main points separateTry to use the same pattern o wording for main pointsBeginning and endingIntroductionConclusionIntroductionGet attention and interestRelate the topic to the audienceState the importance of your topicStartle the audienceArouse the curiosity of the audienceQuestion the audienceBegin with a quotationTell a storyCreate a positive relationship with the audie