Apollo, Athena and Hermes Toledo Museum of Art

1、Apollo and ArtemisChildren of Zeus and Leto Apollo god of prophecy and healing, referred to as Phoebus (=who shines?)Roman name for Artemis-DianaLeto was a Titaness, daughter of Coeus and Phoebe.Birth of the twins. Leto persecuted by Hera. Apollo born on Delos and Artemis on Ortygia, floating island

2、s. Then islands anchored.Apollo of the Hymn to ApolloLate 6th centuryTwo major parts PART 1: “Delian” part -Apollos birth on island of Delos PART 2: “Pythian” part -Apollos arrival in Delphi-establishment of cult“DELIAN” PARTLeto wanders to find a place to give birth to her children. Why? Dialogue b

3、etween Leto and Delos. Letos oathDELOS: “I welcome the birth of the lord who shoots from afar.Leto/childbirth motif/description of Apollos birth. Was Leto alone? NO, list of goddesses in line 94ff Homeric Hymn to Apollo (page 26). Eileithyia, daughter of Zeus and Hera, came after receiving the gift,

4、 a necklace (see in vase).Apollos cult on DelosDelight with music and dances. Long-robed Ionians with their children and wives. Delian maidens (DELIADES) sing in memory of men and women of old time, know how to mimic voices and rhythms of all men.Apollo to OlympusWhy wandering?What does wandering si

5、gnify?-gradual establishment of the myth.Also the idea of the island taking credit for welcoming the godit became the center for ancient Greek religion. The wandering then means that how rules and regulations and cult was formally established.Wandering from the point of view of poetics: wandering Le

6、to, wandering gods, wandering POETS. READING THE HOMERIC HYMN to Apollo as a way of understanding performances of epic and lyric poetry.Compare with Birth of AthenaBirth of Athena (who emerged from Zeus head) with Eileithyia on the right, red-figured amphora, third quarter of the 6th century BC, Lou

7、vre LOUVRE- PARIS- Birth of Athena. Attic “Exaleiptron” (black-figured tripod), ca. 570560 BC. Found in Thebes Temple of Leto in DelosRemains of temple of Apollo in DelosDELPHIAN PARTThe making of an Olympian GodNew quest where to make the templeDialogue between Apollo and Telphousa (a nymph of a sp

8、ring in Boiotia, central Greece, north of Athens). Telphousas trick on the god. Over sovereignty? Urged him to go to DelphiTemple-oraclePytho- monster. When Apollo decided to establish his temple at Delphi he found near a spring a dragon called Pytho (or Python in other sources). Hera gave birth to

9、TYPHAON, on her own, in anger for Athenas birth by Zeus. Typhaon was brought up by Pytho. IMPORTANCE OF BIRTH STORIES IN HOMERIC HYMNFeminist reading of this part. Dragon/DragonessPytho a child of Gaia, could pronounce oraclesrival to Apollo - Apollo killed Pytho.Pythian Apollo, from name of place P

10、ytho, after the dragon. Motif of heroism (triumph over monsters becomes part of heroic identity)Punishment of TelphousaFinding priests- Cretan ship- Dialogue with the godNote: “dancing in his train the Cretans followed him to Pytho, they were chanting paeans.Delphi-Temple of ApolloDelphi- view from

11、the theaterDelphi- A “reconstruction”Apollo, Athena and HermesToledo Museum of ArtApollo and Artemis attacking giants: Treasury of the Siphnians in Delphi: Gigantomachy, ca 525 BCApollo and Artemis: Pan Painter, ca 490 BCApollo of Piombino: Late Archaic: ca 480 BCApollo and the Muses: Thasos: relief

12、, ca 480 BCApollo and a Muse: Attic kylix, ca 460 BCSeated Apollo: Sotades workshop, ca 460 BCApollo before his temple: Painter of the Birth of Dionysos, ca 380-370 BCMusical contest of Apollo and Marsyas: Praxiteles, ca 320 BCApollo: Sansovino, Andrea, 1502, Apollo: Caraglio, Gian Jacopo, 1526Apollo and Marsyas: Tintoretto, 1545Apollo and Daphne: Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 1622-1625Apollo and DaphneJohn W. WaterhouseApollo and DaphnePOLLAIOLO, Antonio delItalian painter and sculpto