高考英語 單項選擇題命題特點及解題策略

1、高考英語單項選擇題命題特點及解題策略南京市金陵中學 邢文駿高考英語單項選擇題命題特點及解題策略考試要求 要求考生能運用根本的英語語法知識,掌握約3500個單詞和400-500個習慣用語或固定搭配. 在實際的, 特定的情景中考查語法和詞匯知識, 語言效勞于具體的交際行為, 表達突出語境, 強化語意, 突出語篇,強調(diào)運用的命題特點.二. 考試內(nèi)容 試題從五個方面考查學生的語言知識: 根底語法知識; 語法知識的運用能力; 詞組的搭配和習慣用法; 對詞義的正確理解; 日常交際用語.三. 近四年來江蘇高考英語單項選擇題考點分布情況 年份及題號 考點2004200520062007冠詞272121代詞21

2、2622連詞233431介詞2424形容詞30283329副詞2226 年份及題號 考點2004200520062007短語動詞29232524,34情態(tài)動詞22312122時態(tài)語態(tài)26,342923,27,3423,27非謂語動詞3125,2730,3228,30,35動詞25,3030平均每年有題考查動詞知識！ 年份及題號 考點2004200520062007虛擬語氣33詞序323531復合句333229,3525,33交際英語28,35242832,26四. 考點分布及命題特點語法內(nèi)容考查全面 嚴格按照?英語課程標準?的要求,考題覆蓋面廣,對知識點的考查全面.2004-2007年江蘇卷1

3、5個單項選擇題均涉及了10-15個知識點,覆蓋了?英語課程標準?要求學生掌握的絕大局部主干知識.2. 熱點, 重點, 難點突出 考題突出考查熱點, 重點, 難點語法工程以及這些語法工程中的熱點, 重點, 難點問題. (1) 2007年江蘇卷的15個單項選擇題中, 與動詞有關(guān)的有8題: 23, 27題考查動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài); 28, 30, 35題考查非謂語動詞; 22題考查情態(tài)動詞; 24, 34題考查短語動詞. 動詞是英語中最活潑的詞類, 是句子的核心成分, 是學習的重點; 英語動詞的變化較多, 形式復雜, 又是英語學習的難點. (2) 從句子的層面來看,考查重點放在復合句和交際用語上.3. 強

4、調(diào)語法和詞匯知識在特定情景中的運用 以對話形式設(shè)計的題目數(shù)量逐年增加, 題干的閱讀量總體上擴大了, 對情景理解和語言運用能力的要求提高了. 年份2004200520062007 題數(shù)3557五. 知識點的考查及復習策略冠詞(1) (07/21) We have every reason to believe that _ 2021 Beijing Olympic Games will be _ success. A. /;a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a解析: the Olympic Games/ the Olympics an Olympic athlete a s

5、uccess/ failure答案:C(2) (05/21) On May 5, 2005, at_ World Table Tennis Championship, KongLinghui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1.a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a解析: the World Trade Organization (WTO)the World Health Organization (WHO)a world of difference/ a worl

6、d of wondersa score of 的分數(shù)答案:D(3) (04/27) Tom owns _larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the解析: a collection of (junk/rubbish/ people) 成堆的人或物 a kind/ variety/ mass/ number/ quantity of/ plenty of 答案:B命題趨勢和復習策略: 冠詞主要考查語意和規(guī)那么, 從近幾年命題來看有重語意表

7、達輕規(guī)那么記憶的特點,提高了對學生語境理解的要求. 復習時應(yīng)關(guān)注冠詞使用的一些特定的場合, 解題時從情景語意入手, 合理使用規(guī)那么.2. 代詞(1) (06/22) My most famous relative of all, _who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather. A. one B. the oneC. he D. someone解析: one = a relative (泛指) the one = the relative (特指)答案: B(2) (05/26) Im mov

8、ing to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than_ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those解析: that = the air (air 不可數(shù))答案: C(3) (04/21) I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_.anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else解析: anyone else = any other person答案

9、: B命題趨勢和復習策略: 近幾年代詞考查主要集中在替代詞/指代詞和不定代詞的掌握上. 要求學生熟練掌握one/ ones; that/ those; 以any/ every/ no 開頭的不定代詞的運用. 解題時使用語意復原法.3. 連詞(06/31) _ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover. A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once解析: even if 即使/ if only 但愿 while 雖然/ once 一旦就答案: D(2

10、) (05/34) Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. A. until B. but C. unless D. for解析: for 因為,由于,表示對上文的補充說明.答案: D(3) (04/23) I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless解

11、析: while 雖然,引導表示讓步關(guān)系的狀語從句.答案: A命題趨勢和復習策略: 近幾年連詞考查主要集中在引導狀語從句的連詞的掌握上. 要求學生熟練掌握引導狀語從句的一些重點連詞,做好知識儲藏. 解題時從上下句的邏輯關(guān)系入手.4. 介詞(06/24) This new model of car is so expensive that it is _ the reach of those with average income. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below解析：beyond 超出范圍答案：(2) (04/24) He got to the sta

12、tionearly,_ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of解析：in case of如果，假使；for fear of 以免答案：5. 形容詞(1) (07/29) With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. bestD. the best解析：鐵路運輸和航空運

13、輸比較用比較級答案：(2) (06/33) I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more解析：a bit less (少一點)對應(yīng) some more (多一點)答案：(3) (05/28) David has won the first prize in singing; heis still very excited now and feels_ desire to go

14、to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least解析：the least desire 一點都不想答案：(4) (04/30) A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted解析：attemptedadj.未遂的murder/robbery) be admitted to sth. 準許參加，接受答案：命題趨勢和復習策略: 近幾年形容詞的考查主要集中在形容詞的比較級和

15、最高級在具體情景中的使用, 并要求學生熟練掌握一些重點形容詞的意義, 進行詞義辨析.6. 副詞 (06/26) The committee is discussing the problem right now. it will _ have been solved by the end of next week. A. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediatelyD. gradually解析：eagerly 迫切的; hopefully 有希望地immediately 即刻地；gradually 逐漸地答案：(2) (05/22) - How is everythi

16、ng going on with you inEurope? -Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _. A. though B. instead C. either D. too解析：though 雖然但是答案：7. 短語動詞(1) (07/24) - Have you _ some new ideas? - Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up withD. come out with解析：come about發(fā)生; come into繼承，得到 come

17、up with想出; come out with說出答案：(2) (07/34) - Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come? - Sorry, I have no idea. A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing upD. growing up解析：lift up 舉起，抬高; go up上升，上漲 bring up撫養(yǎng)，提出; grow up 長高答案：(3) (06/25) - Are you going to have a holiday this year?

18、 - Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. A. off B. out C. behind D. over解析：leave off 停止，中斷; leave out遺漏 leave behind永久離開; leave over剩下答案：(4) (05/23) Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up解析：turn u

19、p調(diào)高，出現(xiàn); put up搭建，舉起 make up組成，編造; show up出現(xiàn)，露面答案：(5) (04/29) Its ten years since the scientist _on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up解析：make for 朝走去 set out出發(fā)，開始 take off起飛，脫去，成功turn up調(diào)高，露面答案：命題趨勢和復習策略: 近幾年短語動詞的考查主要集中在一些活潑的動詞與副詞構(gòu)成的短語

20、意義的掌握上, 學生應(yīng)充分關(guān)注 take/ make/ turn/ come/ hold/ bring/ keep/ leave/ hand等動詞與out/ off/ up/ over/ about/ down/ on/ in 等副詞組合成的短語詞義的復習 .8. 情態(tài)動詞(07/22) - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might解析：should have done sth.應(yīng)該做了

21、某事 could/ might have done sth.可能做了某事 must have donesth 肯定做了某事答案：(2) (06/21) - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent beenin touch with him for ages. A. will B. mayC. have to D. should解析：should 應(yīng)該答案：() (05/31) - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before

22、she returned. - Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through解析：ought to have done sth.應(yīng)該做了某事must have donesth 肯定做過了某事答案：() (04/22) - I dont mind telling you what I know. - You . Im not asking you for it.mustnt B. m

23、ay not C. cant D. neednt解析：mustnt 禁止不允許 may not 可能不；cant不可能 neednt 沒有必要答案：命題趨勢和復習策略: 表猜測的情態(tài)動詞是學生掌握的重點和難點解題時要深刻體會說話者的情感態(tài)度，準確把握說話者的語氣，結(jié)合情景做出合理判斷.9. 時態(tài)語態(tài)(07/23) At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. A. has been reachedB. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached解析：過去完成時表

24、過去的過去答案：(2) (07/27) - _ you _ him around the museum yet? - Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had shown D. Did show解析：yet/ already 連用現(xiàn)在完成時答案：(3) (06/23) - I dont suppose the police know who did it. - Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.A. has been q

25、uestionedB. is being questionedC. is questioningD. has questioned解析：now 連用現(xiàn)在進行時答案：(4) (06/27) Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved解析：has achieved 到目前為止已經(jīng)取得了答

26、案：() (05/29) They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_on it as no good results have come out so far.had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working解析：在before引導的從句前發(fā)生的動作并強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)用

27、過去完成進行時，now連用現(xiàn)在進行時答案：() (04/26) More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated解析：this year 連用現(xiàn)在完成時答案：(7) (04/34) Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people_ to enjoy the advantages of this new tech

28、nology.begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun解析：when引導的定語從句修飾1990s,表發(fā)生在 過去的動作，用一般過去時答案：命題趨勢和復習策略: 近幾年時態(tài)的考查主要集中在完成時，進行時等主干時態(tài)的掌握上. 要求學生熟練掌握幾種主干時態(tài)的根本概念. 解題時充分挖掘時間副詞，短語，時間狀語從句提供的信息.10. 非謂語動詞(1) (07/28) - Can I smoke here? - Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D.

29、 smoking解析：allow doing sth.允許做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事permit/ forbid/ advise doing sth.答案：(2) (07/30) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest解析：make + o + o.c.( do/ done/ adj./ n )intereste

30、d 感興趣的；interesting有趣的interest使感興趣答案：() (06/30) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.saying B. saidC. to sayD. having said解析: 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語答案: () (06/32) - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imag

31、ine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been解析: imagine sth./ (sb./sbs) doing sth. imagine sb./sth. (to be) + adj./ n.答案: () (05/25) - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been

32、 left D. to be left解析: be said to do/ be doing/ have been done答案: () (05/27) _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析: be lost in sth. 陷于/困于 be lost in thought/ wonder/admiration be dressed in sth./ be determ

33、ined to do答案：() (04/31) The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked解析：having done 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式做狀語 表先于謂語動詞而完成的動作答案：命題趨勢和復習策略: 非謂語動詞的考查主要集中在非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的掌握上，要求學生熟悉非謂語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)變化的特征和充當?shù)母鞣N語法成分. 解題過程中要緊緊把握主被動關(guān)系和時間來確定非謂語動詞的

34、形式。非謂語動詞作狀語時還要注意邏輯主語一致性原那么。11. 動詞(1) 05/30 In our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped解析：remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事答案：(2) (04/25) The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to fin

35、d C. on finding D. in finding解析：insist on doing sth. 堅持/執(zhí)意做某事 persist in doing sth. 堅持/ 執(zhí)意做某事答案: 命題趨勢和復習策略: 動詞的考查主要集中在動詞詞義和結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握上，要求學生熟練掌握一些重點動詞的詞義和搭配. 12. 虛擬語氣(05/33)- Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.will not be sent;

36、that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：It is necessary/ important/ surprising/ strange that(should) do; that 引導的表語從句答案：13. 詞序(07/31) - My room gets very cold at night. - _. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does解析：so 也是，引導局部倒裝句，還有：neither

37、/ nor/seldom/never/ hardly/ in no case/ at no time等答案：(2) (05/35) _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip there for further research.So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious解析：sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中so引導的局部置于句首主句用局部倒裝答案：(3) (

38、04/32) The_ house smells as if it hasnt beenlived in for years.A. little white wooden B. little wooden whiteC. white wooden little D. wooden white little解析：多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的位置：顏色來源材料用途n.更遠有：年齡，形狀，大小，數(shù)量等的形容詞e.g. two old black Chinese wooden writing desks答案：14. 復合句(07/25) Choosing the right dictionary dep

39、ends on_ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. howD. whether解析：what引導的賓語從句，what在從句中充當for的賓語答案：(2) (06/29) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. who B. that C. as D. which解析：which引導的非

40、限定性定語從句，指代上句的整個內(nèi)容，謂語多見為：make/ be等客觀性動詞；as引導的非限定性定語從句，指代上句的整個內(nèi)容，謂語多見為：know/ expect/ imagine等主觀性動詞答案：(3) (06/35) We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. if B. where C. whether D. that解析: 介詞賓語從句表“是否怎樣 用whether 引導.答案: (4) (05/32) The place _ the bridge is supposed

41、to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which解析: at which 引導的定語從句,where 引導的表 語從句.答案: (5) (04/33) _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As解析: as 引導非限定性定語從句,指代主

42、句的 整個內(nèi)容,可以置于句首;which 引導的 從句置于句尾.答案: 命題趨勢和復習策略: 近幾年復合句的考查主要集中在名詞性從句和定語從句的掌握上，學生尤其要掌握引導從句的關(guān)系詞的詞性的判斷原那么. 由as/ which引導的非限定性定語從句是考查熱點.15. 交際英語(07/32) - “Could we put off the meeting? she asked. - “_. He answered politely. “This is the only day everyone is available.A. Not likely B. Not exactlyC. Not near

43、ly D. Not really解析: not likely 不可能! 才不呢! not exactly 根本不,決不 not nearly 絕不, 相差甚遠, 遠非 not really 不太贊成或主張(語氣較婉轉(zhuǎn))e.g. I dont really agree with you.答案: (2) (06/28) - It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me. - Well, you know what they say. _. A. There is no smoke without fire

44、 B. Practice makes perfect C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains解析: 根據(jù)題意: 不勞無獲.答案: (3) (05/24) - How about putting some pictures into the report? -_ A picture is worth a thousand words.No way. B. Why not? C. All right? D. No matter.解析: no way 無論如何不, 決不 why not? 何不? all right 可以, 沒關(guān)系 no mat

45、ter 不要緊, 沒關(guān)系答案: (4) (04/28) - You havent lost the ticket, have you? - _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so解析: 根據(jù)題意應(yīng)該是“我希望沒丟答案：() (04/35) -How long are you staying? -I dont know._.Thats OK B. Never mind . It depends D.

46、 It doesnt matter解析：It/ That (all) depends. 那得看情況而定答案：六. 單項選擇題的解題策略 解好單項選擇題除了要求考生要有扎實的根本功外，也需要有一定的解題技巧。近幾年的高考單項填空題淡化了單純對語法規(guī)那么的考查，更注重考查語言運用能力，具有較強的實用性。這就要求我們不要把注意力放在鉆研偏題、怪題上，而應(yīng)當在語言的實際意義上下功夫，真正提高語言的運用能力。在平時的復習和解題中要注意將語法、語境和語言文化背景相結(jié)合，努力提高分析和解決問題的能力。1. 把握語境 單項填空題一個重要的考查方式是考查學生在特定語境中準確運用語法知識的能力。要求考生選擇的不只

47、是正確答案，而是最正確答案, 因此考生做題時，一定要抓住可能隱藏于字里行間的信息，瞻前顧后，通盤考慮，準確把握語境內(nèi)涵，有針對性地分析語法成分.07 江蘇You may not have played very well today, but at least youve got through to the next round and _.A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day C. never put off till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow解析：題意：今天你可能發(fā)揮得不太好，但至少你

48、通過并進入下一輪了，明天又是新的一天。此題考查語境理解。tomorrow is another day意為“明天一切都會重新開始，用于鼓勵對方，符合語境。答案：B2. 剖析題干 剖析題干是指準確把握題干的主旨大意，找出隱含在題干中的一些重要的信息. 這要求考生要有敏銳的觀察能力和細致的分析問題的能力。06 江蘇 A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were解析：題意：一位詩人兼藝術(shù)家明天下午要來給我們講中國文學與繪畫。根據(jù)題干中的時間狀語表示一般將來時，由此排除C、D。句中的主語a poet and artist表示一個人兼有兩種身份, a poet and an artist那么表示兩個人。答案：A3. 結(jié)構(gòu)復原 結(jié)構(gòu)復原是指把主從復合句復原為兩個簡單句，把疑問句復原為陳述句，把強調(diào)句,倒裝句復原為正常結(jié)構(gòu)，把省略句補充完整，把被動結(jié)構(gòu)復原為主動結(jié)