北京四中中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)：動詞時態(tài)二 基礎(chǔ)講解

1、PAGE 第PAGE 頁碼4頁/總NUMPAGES 總頁數(shù)4頁Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.動詞時態(tài)二【真題再現(xiàn)】1.Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith? 【2012福建福州】Sorry, he isnt in. He _the office.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away2. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. 【2012北京】A. didnt he

2、ar fromB. dont hear fromC. wont hear from D. havent heard from3. She_ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her. 【2012 雞西市】A. has been away from B. has left C. had left4. Our English teacher is very nice. We_friends since three years ago. 【2012廣東】A. were B. became C. have been D. have mad

3、e5. He asked me where the 2012 Olympics _ held. 【2012湖南常德】A. was B. will be C. would be6. I _ TV when my parents came back. 【2012湖南永州】A. am watching B. was watching C. watched7. You havent been to the West Lake, have you? 【2012廣東】 _. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.A. No, I

4、havent B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I have D. Yes, I did8. What did the teacher say just now?Sorry, I didnt hear it. I _ out of the window.【2012 湖北荊州】A. look B. looked C. am looking D. was looking【答案與解析】1. B。考查現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。has been to表示去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來；has gong to表示去了某地，現(xiàn)在還沒回來。由答語中“Sorry, he isnt in”可知 “史密斯先生不在家，他

5、去了辦公室”。故選B。2. D。由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，句意為“自從史密斯先生搬家到上海我就沒有收到他的來信”。3. A。由for many years可知用延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時，句意為“她離開家鄉(xiāng)許多年了”。4. C。由since three years ago可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，句意為“自從三年前我們就是朋友”。5. C。本題考查賓語從句的時態(tài)，主句是過去時，賓語從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時，表示過去將要發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用過去將來時。6. B。句意為“當(dāng)我父母回來時，我正在看電視”，由“when my parents came back”.可知表示過去某一時刻正在發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用過

6、去進(jìn)行時。7. A。本題考查反義疑問句的回答，由于句子是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，回答的事實是否定的，即“沒有曾去過West Lake”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時的否定回答。8. D。表示過去某一時刻正在發(fā)生的事，用過去進(jìn)行時，所以選D?！居梅ㄖv解】考試要求：英語的動詞的時態(tài)共有十六種，但是中考?？嫉闹饕邪朔N，一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時，過去完成時等時態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法，而且前五種是考查重點，現(xiàn)在完成時尤其是時態(tài)考查的重點，也是難點。本節(jié)主要講述一下現(xiàn)在完成時，過去將來時、過去進(jìn)行時和過去完成時。1. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：主語+have/has+動詞的

7、過去分詞例如：I have watched the TV play. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了。 We have lived here since 2008. 自從2008年我就住在這里?，F(xiàn)在完成時的用法：（1）表示發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果，常用的狀語有already, yet, not yet, now, just, by this time等。例如：The bus has come here. 公共汽車已經(jīng)來了。Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已經(jīng)擦了窗戶。（2）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用

8、，如this week, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。例如：We have been here for two years. 我們在這里兩年了。注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延續(xù)性動詞（也稱為瞬間動詞）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段時間的for短語及since短語（或從句）連用，這時要用相應(yīng)的動詞代替這些非延續(xù)性動詞。例如：I have bought the bike for two years. ()I have had the bik

9、e for two years. ()由于buy是瞬間動詞，無法延續(xù)兩年，所以改為延續(xù)性動詞had。瞬間動詞與延續(xù)動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buyhave stopbe over leavebe away come backbe backborrowkeep diebe dead beginbe on fall asleepbe asleeparrivebe hereget upbe up joinbe inbe a member例如：They borrowed the book two weeks ago. They have kept the book for two weeks A month has

10、 passed since he left home. He has been away from home for a month.（2）注意以下表示法的含義及用法：have been (to): 曾經(jīng)去過或到過（某地）（表示某人過去的經(jīng)歷）have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能在途中或已經(jīng)到達(dá)某地）have been in +一段時間: 已呆在某地一段時間了例如：He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到過杭州幾次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he cant help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能幫助

11、我們。She has been in London for half a year. 她在倫敦已經(jīng)半年了。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，所以不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用；一般過去時只表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. (表示結(jié)果：已經(jīng)看過了，因此了解了這部電影)When did you see it? I saw it last Sunday. (表示事實：過去做的一件事的時間)He has taught this

12、class for two years. （現(xiàn)在仍教著，或者剛剛停止）He taught this class for two years. （過去教過）2. 過去進(jìn)行時：過去進(jìn)行時的用法：表示說話的過去某個時刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。這一特定時間除了有上下文暗示外，經(jīng)常和表示過去時間的狀語then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等連用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天這個時候你正在做什么？ I was coo

13、king with my mother. 我正和我媽媽一起做飯。過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別： A. 過去進(jìn)行時表某一行為的“片斷”,一般過去時表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。 I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個“讀”) B. 過去進(jìn)行時多與一段持續(xù)的時間狀語連用。 It was raining all night 整個晚上在下雨。He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. 他整個下午在寫信。 C. whil

14、e引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句常用進(jìn)行時。 He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. 他在跳上跳下的過程中弄壞了椅子。Dwhile 所在主從句動作持續(xù)相等時間時，主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時；如果兩個動作一長一短時，經(jīng)常是短的用一般過去時，長的用過去進(jìn)行時。 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano. 他在彈鋼琴時我在做飯。 I saw him while I was walking to the station. 我在去往車站時看見了他。.3. 過去完成時的用法：過去完成時和現(xiàn)在完

15、成時的用法基本相似，表示某個動作在過去的某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成，即“過去的過去”。現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，而過去完成時則以過去某個時刻為基準(zhǔn)。1. 過去完成時動詞表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。在強調(diào)過去某一動作發(fā)生在另一動作之前時。例如：I had finished my homework before you came here.在你來這里之前我已經(jīng)完成我的家庭作業(yè)。 He said that he had seen you before. 他說他以前見過你。2. 過去完成時詞可以表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一動作一直持續(xù) 或?qū)⒗^續(xù)下去。例如：The bus

16、 had already left by the time I got there.在我到達(dá)那里之前，公共汽車已經(jīng)開走了。By six oclock they had worked for eight hours. 不遲于六點鐘他們已經(jīng)工作八個小時了。3. 在含有間接引語的賓語從句中，主句經(jīng)常是一般過去時，從句常用過去完成時。例如：He told me that he had already seen the film.他告訴我他已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。4. 過去將來時的用法：（1）表示過去某一時間看將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在賓語從句中，由would+動詞原形構(gòu)成。例如：They said they would come the next day. 他們說第二天就回來。（