人教版高中英語必修一Unit-One-Friendship講義

1、人教版高中英語必修Unit-One-Friendship人教版高中英語必修一Unit One FriendshipSurveyMake a general survey of sth.縱觀某事物Mae a survey of sth. 調(diào)查某事物Vt.查看Add to 增添Addto.往添加Add up to合計達，加起來總和是Calm v.（使）平靜；（使）鎮(zhèn)定 adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)定的；沉著的，指無風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動Keep/stay calm 保持鎮(zhèn)靜Calm before the storm暴風(fēng)雨前的平靜Calm down 使平息，使平靜單詞用法calm常指天氣平靜，無風(fēng)；海上無浪；鎮(zhèn)

2、定，無憂慮，鎮(zhèn)靜自若等quiet表示靜止的，寧靜 的”，指沒有激動，煩惱，憂慮，康掉沒有擾 亂或鬧聲的“寧靜”或“心神安寧”silent表示先聲的”沉默的”still表示“靜止不動的” “二 靜的”，強調(diào)沒有動作 的狀態(tài)Ignore vt.忽視，對不予理睬Ignorance n.無知Ignorant adj.無知的，不知道的Be ignorant of/about sb. /sth.對某人/某物不知道Upset v.使不安，使心煩；打亂，攪亂（計劃等）；弄翻；使不舒服的adj.心煩意亂的（不置于名詞前）；（胃等）不舒服；（計劃等）攪亂的；翻倒的單詞用法成分upset由于某事發(fā)展只做表語，不過程

3、中有種緊張的感覺作定語nervous在某事發(fā)展過 程中有種緊張 的感覺作定語，表語anxious由于害怕發(fā)生或不發(fā)生某事而感到焦慮作定語，表語Have got to(二have to) 不得不，必須have got to 的否定式為 haven t got to ; have to 的否定式為 don t have to 。用于疑問句中時，前者h(yuǎn)ave提前，后者借助于助動詞do。表示一次性動作時，兩者可以互換。擔(dān)當(dāng)表示習(xí)慣性動作時，尤其是當(dāng)句子中含有always, often, sometimes等頻率副詞時，則應(yīng)使用 have to ,不使用 have got to 。have got to

4、罕用于過去時，而have to除可用于過去時外，還可與情態(tài)動詞，助動詞連用，可用于完成時結(jié)構(gòu)中。have (got)to與must都意為“必須”，作must作為情態(tài)動詞無時態(tài)以及人稱和數(shù)的變化，而have (got) to 則有。Have (got) to表示客觀需要，must則表示主觀看法。另外，表示“不必用dont have to, haven t got to,needn t,不能用mustn t。mustn t表示一定不能”的絕對禁止含義。concern vt.涉及，關(guān)系到，參與；使粗心，使擔(dān)心 n.關(guān)心；關(guān)注;（厲害）關(guān)系concern oneself with/in 從事（參與，干

5、涉）concern oneself about/for 因為擔(dān)憂 （關(guān)心） 某人as/so far as be concerned 就而言as concerns 關(guān)于（=concerning ）feel/show concern about/for 擔(dān)心（關(guān)心，掛念） be concerned with 與有關(guān)be concerned about/for關(guān)心cheat sb.（out） of sth.騙取某人的某物cheat sb. into the belief that 騙某人相信cheat sb. into doing sth.9. for a/an reason the reason

6、for騙某人做某事因為一個的原因reason + why/that the reason is +that the reason for sth.the cause of sth.the excuse for sth.的理由，的原因引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句某事的理由某事的起因某事的托詞/借口crazy瘋狂的；著迷的be crazy to do sth.（某人）做某事是瘋狂的be crazy on/about doing sth. 對做某事狂熱be crazy for sth. 渴望某物be crazy for sb. 迷戀某人be crazy with 因而發(fā)瘋drive sb. mad/

7、crazy 使某人發(fā)瘋crazinessn.狂熱，瘋狂crazily adv.瘋狂地like crazy （口語）發(fā)狂似的make a list （of） 造表take off the list 從表上去掉stand first on the list居首位,名列前茅v.把排列成表；列舉go through穿過，通過翻找，搜尋通過，成功審閱，檢查（5）經(jīng)歷（困難，痛苦等）hide away（1）躲藏，隱匿；（2）藏，隱藏a series of 一系列的；一連串的；一套（叢書,郵票等）point n.要點，點,論點，小數(shù)點，問題點，（時間）點，地點，特點, 點（端），意義，得分v.指示，指著，對

8、著，削尖 point at/ to sb. /sth. 指著某人（某事物）的位置或方向以某物瞄準(zhǔn)或?qū)χ橙薖oint sth. At/towards sb./sth.Point out 指出Be on the point of doing sth.正要做某事There is no point (in) doing沒有必要(意義)做 To the point 中肯的，得要領(lǐng)的Off the point 離題的Point of view 觀點，著眼點face to face 面對面地face-to-face 面對面的heart to heart 坦誠地shoulder to shoulder肩并肩

9、地back to back 背靠背地hand in hand 手拉手地arm in arm 臂挽臂地side by side 并排地；并肩地step by step 逐步地on purpose 故意； 有意地for the purpose目的能否實現(xiàn)還不知道；with the purpose of表示 目 的能實現(xiàn)in order to do sth. 目的是,以便,為了In order not to do sth.(否定形式)to, in order to, so as to :三者后接動詞原形，作目的狀語的用法一致，但so asto不可用于居首引導(dǎo)目的狀語，只可用于句中。dare vt.意

10、為“敢，膽敢，敢于面對 aux.意為“敢，膽敢”。常用于否定句, 疑問句或條件從句中。作情態(tài)動詞時，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)變化，后接動詞原形作行為動詞時后接to do ,否定句，疑問句中to可以省略set about (doing) sth. 著手(做)某事Set off動身；出發(fā)；引爆，燃放Set out出發(fā)；著手做Set up豎起；創(chuàng)設(shè)，開辦Set forward 提出；撥快(鐘表)get +賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞一一讓 一直做某事get +賓語+動詞不定式讓 做某事get +賓語+形容詞/副詞一一讓 處于某種狀態(tài)get +賓語+介詞短語一一讓 做某事；讓處于某種狀態(tài)pay for為付款pa

11、y sb. for為付款給某人pay money for 為付款pay sb. money for =pay money to sb. for 為付款給某人pay sb. money to do sth.付款讓某人做某事It (This) is/was the first (second, third)time that sb. have/had donesth.某人第一(二，三 )次做某事。That引導(dǎo)的從句中的時態(tài)需用完成時態(tài)。It is/was + +that/who +其他成分的強調(diào)句型強調(diào)主語：it was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway

12、stationyesterday.強調(diào)賓語：it was Li Ming that/who I met at the railway stationyesterday.強調(diào)地點狀語：it was at the railway station that I met Li Mingyesterday.強調(diào)時間狀語：it was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.happen to do 碰巧，恰好做(某事)It s no use/good/need doing sth.It not any use/good/need doing

13、 sth.做某事沒有用處/好處/必要It s of little use/good/need doing sth.suffer from sth. 苦于； 患病suffering苦ftc.n.苦難，常用旻數(shù)(1) find +賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(2)日nd +賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作的進行或持續(xù))(3)日nd +賓語+過去分詞(過去分詞所表示的動作與賓語之間時動賓關(guān)系，表示動作的被動，完成)find +賓語+名詞(5 )如果變成被動語態(tài)，那么賓語就變成了主語，賓補變成了主補。He was found cheating in the exami

14、nation.(6 )在find it + adj. +to do sth. 中it為形式賓語，真正的賓語為后面的動 詞不定式(短語)。(1) with +名詞(代詞)+形容詞She used to sleep with the windows open.with +名詞(代詞)+副詞With Mr. Smith away, we ve got more room.with +名詞(代詞)+介詞短語The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.with +名詞(代詞)+動詞不定式With all this work t

15、o do, I dont know if I ll have time to go out.with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞In some parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.with +名詞(代詞)+過去分詞The murderers was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.with +名詞(代詞)+名詞He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.get along/on w

16、ithfall in love / be in love(with sb.)give/send sb. one s loveJ某人致(愛)意give /offer advice to sb.ask sb. for advicefollow /take (act on) sb s adviceadvice on/aboutadvise ab. against勸告某人不要advise sb. to do sth.advise sb. that sb. (should) doadvise sb. on advise doingmake an effortmake every effort to do

17、 sth. / at doing sth.make great effortswithout effort毫不費力地，輕松地spare no effort to do sth.不遺余力地做某事effortless adj.不需要努力的before強調(diào)從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前，意為“不等在 It +be+寸間段+before從句”中，意為“之后才”在 It +be的否定形式+ long + before 從句”中，意為“不久就”在特定的情境中，意為“趁著”make oneself done 使自己被Would you please make yourself known to us?make

18、sb./sth. do sth.make+名詞+名詞“使稱為”make+名詞+形容詞”使怎么樣”should(n t) have done本(不)應(yīng)該做而實際上沒有(已)做must have done 準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng)做過(推測)can t/couldn t have done可能做過may/might have done 或許已經(jīng)做過could have done 本來可以做(卻未做)would have done 本來要做(卻沒有做)needn t have done本來沒必要做(卻做了)ought to have done (二should have done)本應(yīng)該做而實際上沒有做have s

19、th. to do with與有關(guān)have nothing to do with.與沒有關(guān)系have a lot to do with 與有很大關(guān)系現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時：arrive, come, go , get, have, leave, return, sleep, stay, start, travel, work, play, wear, give, move 等。符合形容詞的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：adj. +n. +edmiddle-aged warm-heartedadj. + doinggood-lookingeasy-goingadv. +doinghard-workingwell-me

20、aning(善意的)n. +doingpeace-lovingn. +doneman-madeadv. +donewell-educatedn. +adj.snow-whitenum.+n.+adj.English-speakingheart-left (由衷的)newly-builtlife-longtwelve-year-oldnum.+n.+edthree-leggedone-eyednum.+n.ten-speedsecond-handdo with(1)表示“與.有關(guān),和有業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)；haveto do with be to do with.例：Her job is to do with telephones.Have sth. to do withHave nothing to do with與有關(guān)與沒有關(guān)系Have a lot to