電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)-詞-轉(zhuǎn)換增譯省譯課件

1、2022/7/251詞的翻譯詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換詞的增譯和省譯重復(fù)法2022/7/252詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在詞匯的使用上有很大不同。漢語(yǔ)多使用動(dòng)詞，科技英語(yǔ)多使用名詞；英語(yǔ)有許多名詞派生的動(dòng)詞，及由名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的動(dòng)詞；漢語(yǔ)里形容詞可做謂語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)里形容詞只能用作定語(yǔ)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要分為以下幾種情況：轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成 漢語(yǔ)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)副詞2022/7/253名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一些含有動(dòng)作意義的名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞，如attempt，use，support，love；或是由動(dòng)詞派生出來(lái)的名詞，如arrangement，acquaintance, operation, arrival等。The

2、flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 電子從負(fù)極流向正極I have no objection to your plan. 我不反對(duì)你們的計(jì)劃2022/7/254形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一些表示心理活動(dòng)、心理狀態(tài)和含有動(dòng)詞意義的形容詞常?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：aware，ignorant，careful，familiar，available等。It is desirable to transform high voltage into low voltage by means

3、 of a transformer in an AC system. 我們希望通過(guò)交流系統(tǒng)中的變壓器把高壓電變?yōu)榈蛪弘姟e should be aware of the whole circumstances. 我們應(yīng)該摸清(掌握)全部情況2022/7/255介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中很多介詞在古英語(yǔ)中曾是動(dòng)詞。在翻譯時(shí)也常把它們轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force. 通常用字母E表示電動(dòng)勢(shì)In any machine, input work equals output plus work done aga

4、inst friction. 任何機(jī)器的輸入功都等于輸出功加上克服摩擦力所做的功2022/7/256動(dòng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Changing the resistance is a method of controlling the flow of current. 改變電阻是控制電路中電流流動(dòng)的一種方法The causes of these failures are far from clearing. 這些故障的原因遠(yuǎn)沒有弄清楚2022/7/257動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞 Neutrons act differently from protons. 中子的作用不同于質(zhì)子An electron or

5、an atom behaves in some ways as though it were a group of waves. 電子或原子的性狀多少有點(diǎn)像一組波2022/7/258代詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞The voltage induced in the core is small, because it is essentially a winding having but one turn.鐵芯的感應(yīng)電壓小，因?yàn)殍F芯實(shí)質(zhì)上是一個(gè)只有一匝的繞組This means the permittivity of oil is greater than that of air.這就意味著油的介電系數(shù)大于

6、空氣的介電系數(shù)2022/7/259形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.電視和無(wú)線電的區(qū)別在于電視發(fā)送和接收的是圖像A body that recovers completely and resumes its original dimensions is said to be perfectly elastic.能完全恢復(fù)并復(fù)原到原始尺寸的物體稱為完全彈性體2022/7/2510副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞Such magnetism, because it is ele

7、ctrically produced, is called electromagnetism.由于這種磁性產(chǎn)生于電，所以稱為電磁.The device is shown schematically in Fig 2.圖2是這種裝置的簡(jiǎn)圖2022/7/2511名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)形容詞Thus, the addition of the inductor prevents the current from building up or going down quickly.這樣，增加的電感器阻止電流的快速增長(zhǎng)或下降The electric conductivity has great importanc

8、e in selecting electrical materials. 在選擇電氣材料時(shí)導(dǎo)電性是很重要的。2022/7/2512副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)形容詞Gases conduct best at low pressure.氣體在低壓下導(dǎo)電性能最佳 This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation.這種通訊系統(tǒng)的主要特點(diǎn)是操作簡(jiǎn)單2022/7/2513動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)形容詞Light waves differ in frequency just as sound waves do.同聲波

9、一樣，光波也有不同的頻率2022/7/2514轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)副詞The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic processes.這種語(yǔ)言能簡(jiǎn)要地表達(dá)算術(shù)和邏輯過(guò)程The added device will ensure accessibility for part loading and unloading.增添這種裝置將保證工件裝卸方便2022/7/2515詞義的增減英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)方式是不同的。在句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，含義不明確或詞匯概念不清晰時(shí)，就需要對(duì)語(yǔ)意加以補(bǔ)足。而如果有些詞在譯文中不言而喻，就要省略一些不

10、必要的詞，使得譯文更加簡(jiǎn)煉，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。增譯根據(jù)語(yǔ)義根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)法概念根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣省譯：冠詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、連詞、同義或近義詞2022/7/2516根據(jù)語(yǔ)義增譯原文如果無(wú)其詞，但有其義時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該增加相應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)。The molecules get closer and closer with the pressure.隨著壓力的增加，分子越來(lái)越接近Glass is fragile, therefore it should be handled carefully.因?yàn)椴Ａб姿?，所以要輕拿輕放。2022/7/2517根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)法概念而增譯英語(yǔ)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和連詞等概念可以通過(guò)增譯在

11、漢語(yǔ)中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。After watching for years, he discovered important phenomena.觀察數(shù)年之后（經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)年的觀察），他發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多重要的現(xiàn)象。Had we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident.要是我們及時(shí)知道那件事，事故本來(lái)可以防止的。2022/7/2518根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)法概念而增譯(續(xù))Were there no electric pressure in a conductor, the electron flow would not take place in it.導(dǎo)體

12、內(nèi)如果沒有電壓，就不會(huì)產(chǎn)生電子流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象If they should not get the data, they would not know and solve the problem.如果他們沒有得到這些數(shù)據(jù)，他們就不可能弄明白這個(gè)問(wèn)題，更不能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。2022/7/2519為符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣而增譯These motors are expensive, but good.這批馬達(dá)很貴，但質(zhì)量很好2022/7/2520詞的省譯英語(yǔ)句子中需要的詞，漢語(yǔ)句子中不一定需要。為使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，應(yīng)將一些漢語(yǔ)中不該出現(xiàn)的詞省略不譯，這就是所謂的省譯法。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞、代詞和連詞在譯文中往往可

13、以省略。在某些情況下，介詞、動(dòng)詞，名詞也可以省譯同義詞或近義詞的省譯2022/7/2521省譯冠詞冠詞：a, an, theA transistor is a device controlling the flow of electricity in a circuit晶體管是在電路中控制電流的器件Hence the unit of electric current is the ampere.因此，電流的單位是安培2022/7/2522省譯代詞代詞：one, this, that, these, those One can never be too careful in ones work.

14、工作越仔細(xì)越好If you permit the current to flow longer, more heat will be produced.電流通過(guò)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，產(chǎn)生的熱量越多2022/7/2523省譯連詞Early people got up at sunrise and went to bed at sunset.古人日出而作，日落而息。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。2022/7/2524省譯介詞On May 2 , he had an experiment on this kind circuit.5月2號(hào)，他就這

15、種電路做了個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)This light bulb has a resistance of 120 ohms.這個(gè)燈泡電阻為120歐姆2022/7/2525省譯動(dòng)詞This diode produces about nine times more radiant power than that one. 這只二極管的放射功率比那只大八倍Copper wire allows a larger current to flow than does iron wire與鐵絲相比，銅絲能通過(guò)的電流更大。2022/7/2526省譯名詞This method is the most widely used me

16、thod of P-N junction formation in the fabrication of function electric blocks. 在制造功能塊時(shí)，最廣泛使用的便是這種P- N 結(jié)形成方法。2022/7/2527省譯同義或近義詞The mechanical energy can be changed backed into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo.通過(guò)發(fā)電機(jī)可把機(jī)械能再轉(zhuǎn)變成電能Insulators in reality conduct electricity but, neverthel

17、ess, their resistance is very high.絕緣體實(shí)際上也導(dǎo)電，只是其電阻相當(dāng)高而已。2022/7/2528重復(fù)法為使譯文更加生動(dòng)、有力，常常會(huì)在譯文中重復(fù)重要或關(guān)鍵性的詞語(yǔ)，稱為重復(fù)法。重復(fù)法不同于增譯法：增譯法是根據(jù)需要增補(bǔ)新的詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)法是在重復(fù)原文中已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)譯法主要有以下幾種情況：名詞的重復(fù)動(dòng)詞的重復(fù)代詞的重復(fù)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)需要重復(fù)2022/7/2529名詞的重復(fù)The weight of a neutron is about the same as a proton.中子的重量和質(zhì)子的重量差不多相等The three most important ef

18、fects of an electric current are beating, magnetic and chemical effects.對(duì)電流來(lái)說(shuō)，三種最重要的效應(yīng)是熱效應(yīng)、磁效應(yīng)和化學(xué)效應(yīng)2022/7/2530動(dòng)詞的重復(fù)All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms.一切物體都是由分子組成，而分子又是由原子組成的。We can turn electric energy into light energy as well as into heat energy.我們不但能把電能轉(zhuǎn)化為光能，也能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能。2022/7/2531代詞的重復(fù)People like drinking green tea and it is helpful to human health.人們喜歡喝綠茶，綠茶對(duì)人的健康有益You can take whiche