英語：寫作指導(dǎo)步驟

1、寫作指導(dǎo)步驟從高考評(píng)卷及平時(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn)題，學(xué)生在做書面表達(dá)題時(shí)，得分率較低，卷面普遍存在的缺點(diǎn)：文不對(duì)題（文體格式不規(guī)范）離題太遠(yuǎn)（抓不到要點(diǎn)，該說的不說，不該說的說的太多）詞不達(dá)意（有的甚至用漢語標(biāo)注或留空）病句太多（時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)等語法）卷面不工整（字跡潦草、亂涂改、添插箭頭滿篇飛）。第一步：明確體裁，掌握格式根據(jù)情景提示首先要弄清寫何種體裁的文章，是記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文，還是議論文等。了解書信、日記、通知（口頭或書面）、便條等的格式。弄清書面表達(dá)要求用何種人稱，用第一人稱，第二人稱，還是第三人稱來寫。根據(jù)所給材料信息確定短文的基本時(shí)態(tài)。第二步：捕捉信息，組織要點(diǎn)在審題階段，考生應(yīng)對(duì)要點(diǎn)

2、已有一個(gè)基本了解。此時(shí)，在認(rèn)真審題，弄清題意的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)逐個(gè)地完整無缺地把內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)列出來（一般為58個(gè)要點(diǎn)），用明白、恰當(dāng)、得體的語言表達(dá)出來；其次要盡量消除漢語式的英語表達(dá)方式，更不能逐字逐句地將漢語譯成英語，使得文章支離破碎。第三步：譴詞造句，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)高考英語書面表達(dá)評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容有：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性。它不僅要求考生能夠根據(jù)提示和要求準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出要點(diǎn)，而且還要求考生在寫作中能創(chuàng)造性地表達(dá)有關(guān)要點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，考生必須注意，所有創(chuàng)新必須以準(zhǔn)確性為前提?？忌鷳?yīng)盡量使用自己熟悉的、見過的，運(yùn)用較自如的詞匯或表達(dá)方式，冷靜思考，揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短。 1

3、、遣詞遣詞的基本原則是準(zhǔn)確、生動(dòng)、形象，符合習(xí)慣。但是，有時(shí)由于受中文的干擾，有的考生往往緊摳著提示中的某個(gè)中文詞語絞盡腦汁地去找所學(xué)過的等同該詞的英文詞語，不但浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間，更主要的是往往選用的詞不恰當(dāng)。遇到這種情況，可以采取轉(zhuǎn)譯法，用同義詞、近義詞，甚至可用反義詞轉(zhuǎn)代表達(dá)。 2、造句在造句時(shí)，考生要注意以下三點(diǎn)：1）句子既要生動(dòng)，又要簡(jiǎn)明扼要。2）在寫作中應(yīng)避免使用相同長(zhǎng)度的相同句型，而應(yīng)注意句式的變化，如長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)雜句和復(fù)合句并用，還可以使用簡(jiǎn)化句等；一些較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)如獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)等也可以使用。3）可以使用一些特殊句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句等，增強(qiáng)語句的表現(xiàn)力，以期增

4、加文章“亮點(diǎn)”。3、高考書面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)1）改變時(shí)態(tài)The bell is ringing now. (一般)There goes the bell! (高級(jí))2）改變語態(tài) People suggest that the conference be put off. (一般)It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級(jí))3）使用不定式He is so kind that he can help me. (一般)He is so kind as to help me. (高級(jí))4）使用過去分詞Once it is seen, i

5、t can never be forgotten. (一般)Once seen, it can never be forgotten. (高級(jí))5）使用 v.-ing 形式If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow. (一般)Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting. (高級(jí))6）使用名詞性從句To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (一般)What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many

6、 things. (高級(jí))7）使用定語從句The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (一般)The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (高級(jí))8）使用狀語從句If you come back before six oclock, you can go out. (一般)You can go out on condition that (provided that) you come back before six oclo

7、ck. (高級(jí))9）使用虛擬語氣If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam. (高級(jí))10）使用倒裝句The teacher didnt come until he finished his homework. (一般)Not until he teacher came did he finish his homework. (高級(jí))10）使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 Professor Lin teaches us English. (一般) It is Professor Lin who teaches us Englis

8、h. (高級(jí))第四步、 整理成篇，行文連貫 眾所周知，要寫出清晰流暢的文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地連接在一起。這樣可使文章自然而別致，并能層層展開主題句，完整地表達(dá)中心思想?？忌痤}時(shí)要根據(jù)所給的條件、提示、將事情發(fā)展過程合理排列成文；同時(shí)要注意文章邏輯要清楚，先寫什么，后寫什么，并應(yīng)注意句與句、段與段之間的連貫；要能夠使用一些常用的表示時(shí)間順序、方位關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等邏輯概念的過渡詞語，將句子按英文習(xí)慣連貫成篇。切忌按中文意思，隨意排列組句。過渡詞是一種關(guān)系指引詞，一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語承擔(dān)。此外，代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過渡詞。過渡詞猶如“橋梁”，在文章中發(fā)揮著連接上下文的

9、作用，學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用過渡詞會(huì)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，過渡自然，融會(huì)貫通，連成一體。 常見的一些過渡詞語：1）表并列關(guān)系的過渡詞：and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only but also, both and, either or, neither nor 等。2）表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過渡詞：besides, in addition, moreover, furthermore, whats more, whats worse 等。3）表轉(zhuǎn)折的過渡詞：but, however, yet, instead, despite, in spite of, wh

10、ereas, although, otherwise, nevertheless 等。4）表原因的過渡詞：because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to, for this reason, owing to,considering that, seeing that 等。 5）表結(jié)果的過渡詞：so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, so / such that 等。6）表?xiàng)l件的過渡詞：if, unless, on condition that, as / so lon

11、g as 等。 7）表時(shí)間的過渡詞：when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year, after a while, now, in a few days, presently, finally, at last, all of a sud

12、den, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment 等。8）表特定的順序關(guān)系的過渡詞：first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s), meanwhile, last, finally, eventually 等。9）表換一種方式表達(dá)的過渡詞：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way 等

13、。10）表進(jìn)行舉例說明的過渡詞：for instance, for example, take as an example, namely, such as, like 等。 11）表陳述事實(shí)的過渡詞：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 等。 12）表強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞：certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most importantly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, especially, primaril

14、y, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely 等。13）表比較、對(duì)比的過渡詞：like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, different from, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, on the one hand, on the other hand, the former the latter 等。14）表目的的過渡詞：for this reason, for this purpose, s

15、o that, in order to, so as to 等。15）表總結(jié)的過渡詞：in a word, in general, in short, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, in conclusion, in summary, on the whole 等。TV and WebsiteTV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have differen

16、t sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. They are different in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Some informat

17、ion on websites changes all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better. Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make

18、 money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in.However, they are different in many ways. First of all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot.

19、 Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Unlike TV, some information on websites changes all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.In a word, every medium has

20、 its own features, so it is hard to say which is better. 第五步：檢查修改，謄寫工整做書面表達(dá)時(shí)，力求用詞準(zhǔn)確。作文寫完后應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀，檢查文章中的拼寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤、語法錯(cuò)誤、邏輯錯(cuò)誤等；檢查詞數(shù)是否符合要求；檢查內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)是否全面，刪繁就簡(jiǎn)，使表達(dá)更加精煉，措詞更加恰當(dāng)。定稿后應(yīng)認(rèn)真謄寫，要求書寫規(guī)范、正確、美觀，并保持卷面整潔，力爭(zhēng)有很好的電腦掃描效果。； / 聚星娛樂 lpt71hkn 顆天珠居然不見了，后來我四處搜索，也沒有找到，但是我的法力也回來了?！蔽夷莿ν绷藥紫掳咨叩母共?，并沒有血，而且那種感覺很奇怪，說不上來的奇怪。我說：“天珠

21、居然不見了，會(huì)不會(huì)九尾已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們了，趁亂的時(shí)候搶了天珠?！鄙缴駬u搖頭說：“應(yīng)該不會(huì)，我覺得另有其妖?！边@一切發(fā)生的太突然了，本來是要去找那渡劫人和應(yīng)龍的下落的，沒想到碰上了這么燒腦的事。我無奈地對(duì)山神說：“這件事結(jié)束之后請(qǐng)我吃豬腦，我要好好補(bǔ)補(bǔ)，不下山就要請(qǐng)我吃。”山神說：“我說你們?nèi)祟愒趺催@么重口味，動(dòng)物的腦子都吃，惡不惡心啊”。我白了他一眼說：“你是不會(huì)懂得，要不你也來一個(gè)試試?！鄙缴裣訔壍匕琢宋乙谎郏€是繼續(xù)趕路吧。我邊走邊說：“山神，你究竟是什么東西啊?！鄙缴裾f：“我是許多鬼怪精靈的合體，山神之所以是山神，就是在山中孕育而生，山中法力高強(qiáng)的鬼怪精靈死后他們的元神是不滅的，它們就會(huì)聚集