否定句常見形式和用法

1、關(guān)于否定句的常見形式和用法第一張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月本文就中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中否定句的常見形式和用法總結(jié)如下：一、常見否定句：否定副詞not, seldom, never, hardly, rarely, nowhere等與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用。例如：Im afraid that I can not attend your party this weekend. 恐怕這個(gè)周末我不能參加你們的聚會(huì)。I can hardly understand what he said just now. 我不能理解他剛才所說(shuō)的話。注意：這些否定副詞用于句首時(shí)，主句要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：Seldom does

2、he go to work late. 他很少上班遲到。Nowhere else can you find such a beautiful sunset. 你在別的地方不能見到如此美麗的日落。Never in my life have I heard such nonsense! 我這輩子從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽過(guò)這種廢話！第二張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、否定祈使句：由“Dont 或Never+ 動(dòng)詞原形”所構(gòu)成。例如：Dont give up trying even though it is difficult to learn English! 英語(yǔ)雖然難學(xué)，但千萬(wàn)別放棄嘗試！Do n

3、ot cut down the tree that gives you shade. 切勿忘恩負(fù)義。Never judge people by their appearance. 不可以貌取人。第三張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、全部否定：由“否定主語(yǔ)（否定代詞或no+名詞）+ 肯定謂語(yǔ)”所構(gòu)成。例如：Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。None of us can speak French. 我們都不會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。No man is born wise. 人非生而知之。注意：常用“neithe

4、r/nor + 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”來(lái)表達(dá)“某人也不”。例如：Jim didnt know her secret, neither/nor did Jack. 吉姆不知道她的秘密，杰克也不知道。If you dont accept his invitation, neither shall I. 如果你不接受他的邀請(qǐng)，我也不接受。第四張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移：常見的否定轉(zhuǎn)移有兩種情況。1. 含有原因狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，形式上雖然否定主句的謂語(yǔ)，然而意義上則是否定該原因狀語(yǔ)，譯為“并不因?yàn)槎薄?例如：Galileo was not ready to acc

5、ept it just because Aristotle had said so伽利略并不只是因?yàn)閬喞锼苟嗟抡f(shuō)過(guò)某事如何如何，就輕易相信它。The mountain is not valuable because it is high 山不在高。2. 當(dāng)think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常把從句中的not提前，把主句變成否定句，從句用肯定形式。例如：We dont believe that the news is true. 我們相信這個(gè)消息不是真的。I dont think that he is honest.

6、 我認(rèn)為他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。注意：（1）把這些發(fā)生否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句主謂部分構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。例如：I dont think that he is honest, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。（2）not 常用在I think, I believe, I expect, I suppose, I guess, Im afraid之后，構(gòu)成省略句。例如：-Do you think it will be a fine day tomorrow? -Im afraid not. -你認(rèn)為明天天氣會(huì)好嗎？-恐怕不是。-Do you believe that Rocket wil

7、l win the game? -I believe not. (=I dont believe so.)-你相信火箭隊(duì)會(huì)贏嗎？-我看不會(huì)。第五張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月五、否定疑問(wèn)句：常用來(lái)表示反問(wèn)、驚訝、建議、贊嘆等語(yǔ)氣。例如：Dont you know these traffic rules? 難道你不知道這些交通規(guī)則嗎？Arent you supposed to be working? 你不是應(yīng)該正在干活嗎？You look pale. Why dont you have a rest? 你看起來(lái)臉色蒼白，為什么不休息一會(huì)兒？Isnt it a lovely day? 天

8、氣多好?。∽⒁猓涸诨卮鸱穸ㄒ蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，要根據(jù)具體事實(shí)作答。例如：-Didnt you see the film Titanic yesterday? - . I would like to have seen it.A. Yes, I did B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I didnt D. No, I did由于yes與肯定句連用，no與否定句連用，首先可排除C, D 兩項(xiàng)。A, B 形式都正確，但從題目語(yǔ)境中最后一句話“我倒希望自己看了那部電影?！笨芍聦?shí)上我昨天沒(méi)有看電影，故答案選B。如果把題干最后一句話改為“Its very moving.”，則說(shuō)明我昨天看過(guò)電影，正確

9、答案就應(yīng)該選A。這種“根據(jù)事實(shí)作答”在運(yùn)用中很不容易掌握，大家應(yīng)該仔細(xì)體會(huì)其用法；同時(shí)，這種應(yīng)答方法也適合于對(duì)“前否后肯型”反意疑問(wèn)句和否定祈使句的回答。例如：-You havent been to Beijing, have you?- . And Ivisited the Summer Palace.A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent從答語(yǔ)提示可知事實(shí)上我去過(guò)北京，故答案選A。全句譯為：“你沒(méi)有去過(guò)北京，是嗎？不，我去過(guò)。我還去參觀過(guò)頤和園?！钡诹鶑?，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月六、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的

10、否定式：通常把not或never放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞to do, doing, p.p的前面。例如：I advised him not to smoke but he wouldnt listen. 我勸他別抽煙，可他不愿意聽。Not having received a reply, she wrote him another letter. 由于沒(méi)有收到他的回信，她又給他寫了一封信。Not allowed to take part in the game, they felt very disappointed. 因?yàn)椴蛔屗麄儏⒓颖荣?，他們感到非常失望。第七張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月

11、七、雙重否定句：由兩個(gè)否定詞搭配構(gòu)成，表示一個(gè)較強(qiáng)的肯定語(yǔ)氣。例如：Without air or water, man can not live on the earth. 沒(méi)有空氣和水，人類是無(wú)法在地球上生存的。Dont try to operate this machine unless you know the rules for safety. 如果不懂安全規(guī)則，千萬(wàn)別動(dòng)這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Its never too late to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。He will not do it for nothing.他不會(huì)無(wú)緣無(wú)故做這件事。There is no success witho

12、ut hardships. 沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷暴雨，那有彩虹。If the world becomes less unfair, much of the poverty can be wiped out.如果世界變得更加公平，就可以消除大部分貧窮。He was nothing if not clever. 他很聰明。（“nothing if not”表示“極其”）第八張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月八、部分否定：通常由not 與表示整體意義的詞（如：everyone, everything, all, each, always, entirely等）連用來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：Not all the an

13、imals hibernate in winter. (或者：All the animals dont hibernate in winter.) 并非所有的動(dòng)物冬天都要冬眠。Everything on the Internet is not reliable. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的東西并非都是可信的。Im not always at home on Sundays. 我星期天不一定總在家。His attention was not entirely paid to his research. 他的注意力并未全部用在他的研究工作上。第九張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月九、含蓄否定：英語(yǔ)中有些句子雖

14、然并不使用否定詞，但也能表達(dá)否定意思。例如：That is more than I can do. 我干不了那件事。He is too young to carry so heavy a case. 他太小，搬不動(dòng)這么重的箱子。This is the last thing I would ever want to do. 這是我最不愿意做的事。It is three years since he was a teacher. 他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)有三年時(shí)間了。（在“It is +時(shí)間段+ since ”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示否定意義。）You could have done the jo

15、b better if you had put more time into it. 如果你多花的時(shí)間，你的工作會(huì)做得更好。（工作做得并不好。用肯定形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以表示實(shí)際的否定意義。）第十張，PPT共十二頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月十、否定形式肯定意義： 英語(yǔ)中有些句子形式否定但卻表達(dá)肯定意義，對(duì)其理解切不可望文生義。例如：Isnt this film moving? 這部電影難道不感人嗎? （否定疑問(wèn)句常表示肯定意義）English is not too difficult to learn. 英語(yǔ)并不太難學(xué). （雙重否定句表示肯定意義。）He is too ready to help ot

16、hers. 他總是樂(lè)于助人. (“too”修飾ready, glad, anxious, eager等詞時(shí)相當(dāng)于“very”）You cannot be too careful to do your homework.（或者：You can never be careful enough to do your homework.）做作業(yè)你越仔細(xì)越好(或者：無(wú)論怎樣仔細(xì)也不過(guò)分).He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么小心,一定會(huì)注意到這一點(diǎn)的。(“too.not to do”表示“太不會(huì)不”)There is nothing but sand

17、s left after the forest was destroyed. 森林被毀之后，只剩下沙地。（“nothing but” 相當(dāng)于“only”）Jack didnt understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything.直到杰克的母親把一切和盤托出，他才明白母親為什么跟他生氣。（“not.until”表示“直到才”）Hardly had I got to the station when it began to rain.我剛到車站天就下雨了。（“hardlywhen”表示“剛就”，可以換成“no soonerthan”）-Mr. Li is a go