2022年初中語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)潔版

1、單詞詞性：名詞，冠詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，介詞，連詞，形容詞和副詞動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， be 動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞三大從句：狀語(yǔ)從句（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，比較，讓步，條件）；定語(yǔ)從句；賓語(yǔ)從句八大時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成，一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)句式分類(lèi)：陳述句，一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，祈使句，倒裝句，感嘆句，反義疑問(wèn)句句子成分：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主謂 I smile 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ) I cant stand him/ 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +間賓+直賓（間接 / 直接賓語(yǔ) / 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)） He bought me a car.

2、主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) I find him a good guy. 主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ) He is very happy/I feel angry/she is driving me mad 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ) I bought a book yesterday 1. 名詞可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：一般情況下加加 s，desks 以 s,x,ch,sh：beach, brush, bus, box（加 es）以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾： city/ family （變 y 為 i，加 es）以元音字母結(jié)尾： tomatoes（加 es）, zoos（加 s）, photos（加 s）以 f/

3、fe 結(jié)尾： wife/knife, half （變 f/fe 為 ves）特殊記憶： woman復(fù)數(shù) women； a woman teacher復(fù)數(shù) women teachers Chinese復(fù)數(shù) Chinese；Englishman復(fù)數(shù) Englishmen; GermanGermans 專(zhuān)有名詞指一個(gè)組織，名人，景點(diǎn)等：Beijing，China，Mr. Wang 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：trousers pants(褲子) glasses clothes police people 2. 冠詞： a an the 以元音開(kāi)頭的用 an，以輔音開(kāi)頭的用 a An English gi

4、rl a useful book an hour an onion an honest boy The 用于指獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物 the Sun/第二次提到的事物； 放在最高級(jí)前面 the tallest；放在序數(shù)詞前面the first Play the guitar （樂(lè)器前面加 the）play soccer（球類(lèi)前面不加 the）名詞性反身代詞3.代詞代詞可以分為人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，不定代詞人稱代詞人稱代詞形容詞性主格賓格物主代詞物主代詞第一人稱我I me my mine myself 第二人稱你you you your yours yourself 他he him his hi

5、s himself 第三人稱她she her her hers herself 它it it its its itself 第一人稱我們we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱你們you you your yours yourselves 他們第三人稱她們they them their theirs themselves 它們?nèi)朔Q代詞有主格和賓格之分；主格代詞用在動(dòng)詞前；賓格代詞用在動(dòng)詞后物主代詞和物主形容詞：物主形容詞后面可以加名詞；物主代詞后不可以加名詞反身代詞可以用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)I made it by myself Either any either Each every

6、 nobody不定代詞有很多： Both All Neither none this/that 疑問(wèn)代詞： which who whom what 4.數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞表示個(gè)數(shù)（ one, two, three），序數(shù)詞表示順序（ the first, the second, the third）1 First 2 second 3 third 4 fourth 5 fifth 8 eighth 9 nine 12 twelfth 19 nineteenth 20 twentieth 特殊記憶： 500：five hundred（hundred 在基數(shù)詞后面不加s）兩年半： two and a ha

7、lf years 三分之一 one third，三分之二 two thirds 時(shí)間表達(dá) 8:55：five to nine 一個(gè)五歲的女孩： a five-year-old girl much/ little + 不可數(shù)many/ few +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)A lot/no/not enough 兩者都可5. 介詞at, in, out, at, of, besides, off, with, on, over, above, under, below, from, to, up, down, through, across 介詞后面加賓語(yǔ)（名詞 / 名詞短語(yǔ) / 代詞） Linda went

8、to school late because of the traffic jam for two months through the window at school in the morning on the desk in The students are reading in the classroom.學(xué)生們?cè)诮處熇镒x書(shū)。On The boat is on the river.那條船在河上。Over There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好幾座橋。Under The boat sailed under the bridge.船在橋

9、下行駛。By Our house is by the river.我們的房子在河邊。Beside Come and sit beside me.過(guò)來(lái)坐在我旁邊。Near I dont need a car because I live near the city centre .我不需要汽車(chē)，因?yàn)槲易≡诳拷兄行膎ext to My best friend sits next to me in class. Behind Olive hid behind a tree.奧列弗藏在一棵樹(shù)后面形容詞 +介詞 Happy with/certain about/strict with/ready fo

10、r/good at/with/for 名詞 +介詞 Advice on/interest in/purpose of /success in 動(dòng)詞 +介詞 Look at/ask for/get to/prepare for 6. 連詞常用連詞：時(shí)間連詞 when, while（延續(xù)性動(dòng)作） , as, until，since, before , after 并列連詞 neither nor, both and, either or, not only but also常用連詞 and, but, so, because；because不和 so 連用，有 although 不和 but 連用

11、表?xiàng)l件 if（如果，是否） & whether （是否）unless 除非in case萬(wàn)一表盡管 even if / even though 表結(jié)果 so that /Such that 如此以至于1.It is a nice house, _ it doesnA. and B. or C. but t have a garden.D. so 2.I am really sorry, _ I cant go swimming with you this Sunday. A. so B. and C. or D. but 3.Li Ming failed in the exam again,

12、_ he tried very hard. A. if B. so C. though D. but 特殊記憶： so.that/such.that的用法名詞為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)可以用 so/such：So +形容詞 +a/an +單數(shù)名詞 +that：She is so good a teacher that all of us love her Such +a/an +形容詞 +單數(shù)名詞 +that：She is such a good teacher that all of us love her 名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)：Such+形容詞 +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that 從句：The

13、y are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. Such+形容詞 +不可數(shù)名詞 +that 從句。如： It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home 當(dāng)名詞前面有 many，much，few，little 等表示數(shù)量多少的限定詞時(shí)，只能用 so There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the build

14、ing. 當(dāng)沒(méi)有名詞時(shí)，只能用 so He ran so fast that I couldn catch up with him. 7. 形容詞和副詞副詞用在動(dòng)詞之前，形容詞可放在名詞前和 be 動(dòng)詞之后兩種副詞意思不同hard/ hardly 幾乎不late/lately 最近deep/deeply 深深地straight/straightly 筆直的wide/widely 廣泛地high/highly 高度地close/closely 緊密地bad/badly （badly needed 非常需要）a lonely house good/well （adj 指身體好的）alive 活的

15、/live 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的 /lively 活躍的，生動(dòng)的aloud（出聲地，大聲地，副詞）修飾可數(shù)不可數(shù)：/loud （響亮的，形容詞 / 副詞） /loudly( 大聲地，副詞 ) many, a number of/numbers of, a great/good many; 修飾可數(shù)名詞much, a great deal of, a huge amount of/huge amounts of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞plenty of, a lot of/lots of, a large quantity of/large quantities of. 可數(shù) &不可數(shù)比較級(jí) / 最高級(jí)：Goo

16、d better the best Bad worth the worst Far farther/further the farthest 距離 /furthest 程度8. 動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞： eat,make,write,walk,go,stop,start,read 等系 動(dòng) 詞 ： be/am/is/are/was/were/感 官 動(dòng) 詞 （ feel,taste,smell,sound,look） / 含 有 “ 變 ” 的 動(dòng) 詞 ：become/get/grow/turn 助動(dòng)詞： Does/do/did/have/has/had 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：等 can, may, must, n

17、eed, dare, could, might 動(dòng)詞不定式（ choose, go, decide）：動(dòng)詞 +疑問(wèn)詞 + to do/動(dòng)詞 +to do/動(dòng)詞 +object + to do 動(dòng)名詞： Dancing is her favorite hobby (謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) )/ Debbie enjoys smiling. (image, practice, finish, mind) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Happen ,sleep, run 特殊記憶： so.that/such.that的用法lie lied lied 規(guī)則撒謊（規(guī)則變化）lie lay lain 躺（不規(guī)

18、則變化）lay laid laid 放置/ 下蛋 rise rose risen 上升，提高（不規(guī)則變化）raise raised raised舉起；籌集（規(guī)則變化）9. 三大從句 定語(yǔ)從句：引導(dǎo)詞： who, whom, that ,whose （指人的時(shí)候）：he is a boy who likes watching basketball games which, that, whose（指物的時(shí)候）：the book which you bought is written by Khaled Hosseini when. where, why（副詞引導(dǎo)）：I will never fo

19、rget the day when I joined the party. 賓語(yǔ)從句：動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句（ know, think, believe）：I think（that ）she is very outgoing 介詞賓語(yǔ)從句： I thank you for what you have done for me 形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句（ Glad /happy/sad/certain/sorry/surprised ）：I am sorry I am late 引導(dǎo)詞： that 引導(dǎo)， that 可以省略： I am sorry (that) I am late Whether/if 引導(dǎo)： I

20、didnt know whether he will come or not when/where/why/how 引導(dǎo)： I can t understand why he is always late.狀語(yǔ)從句：（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，比較，讓步，條件）時(shí)間： Every time I listen to your advice, I find the solution 比較： The house is three times as big as ours. 原因： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 目的： They star

21、ted early so that they caught the early bus. 條件： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to school時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 /原因狀語(yǔ)從句 / 條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法：主將從現(xiàn)或主過(guò)從過(guò)。主將從現(xiàn)：主句用了將來(lái)時(shí)，從句就要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主過(guò)從過(guò)：主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。10. 八大時(shí)態(tài) 一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（ always, usually, often, sometimes, every week, on Sundays）: It seldom snows here 二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（ ago, yesterday,

22、the day before yesterday, last week）：I didnt know you were so busy. 三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（ look, listen, now, at this time, these days）：He is doing well in his lessons. come/ go /leave /begin/start （進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)）Believe, understand, know, want, hear, smell, see, taste, like, hate, prefer, love（不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞）四、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（ at th

23、is time yesterday, at that time）：When he came in, I was reading a newspaper 五、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（ recently, lately, since, for,in the past few years,）：Ive written an article. 六、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)（ before, by the end of last year）：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. 七、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)（ tomorrow, next day, soon, in a few minutes）They are going to have a competition with us in studies. will do （未來(lái)要做的事情）；be going to do（意圖做某事，有跡象要發(fā)生的事）; be to do （馬上要做的事情）八、 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（ the next day, the following month）： He said he would go to Beijing the next w