初高中英語(yǔ)銜接教學(xué)

1、初高中英語(yǔ)區(qū)別及學(xué)習(xí)方法指導(dǎo)牛津高中英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)是：（1）Welcome to the unit引出話(huà)題。Reading版塊。該版塊是你接受英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言信息的重要環(huán)節(jié)，在這里，你將有機(jī)會(huì)感受真實(shí)、地道、優(yōu)美的英語(yǔ)。你也將通過(guò)閱讀了解現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和社會(huì)發(fā)展的方方面面。 Reading strategy和完成閱讀練習(xí)，能掌握英語(yǔ)閱讀策略，提高英語(yǔ)閱讀能力。在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，你所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)之一是擴(kuò)大詞匯量，版塊Word power能為你迎接這一挑戰(zhàn)提供有效的幫助。在該版塊中，你將學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)話(huà)題擴(kuò)充詞匯以及其他多種詞匯學(xué)習(xí)技巧。語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)，貴在運(yùn)用，在 Grammar and usage版塊中，你既可得到系統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)

2、，又能在該版塊精心設(shè)計(jì)的語(yǔ)境中學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。Task版塊要求你能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能，完成特定的任務(wù)。 Project是課堂教學(xué)的延伸和拓展，屬于探究式學(xué)習(xí)。（2）在詞匯上的區(qū)別：高中教材中的詞匯成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，加入了許多當(dāng)前常用的，新出現(xiàn)的流行的詞匯。對(duì)于高中英語(yǔ)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，其要求是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于初中的，在學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)，我們既要了解它在文中的意思，還要掌握它在練習(xí)中，考試中可能出現(xiàn)的所有意思，用法及搭配等。（3）在所學(xué)語(yǔ)法上的區(qū)別： 在初中階段我們把基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)了，而在高中我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是更深更高層次的語(yǔ)法。如定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬

3、語(yǔ)氣等等，其中的部分內(nèi)容我們并不陌生，但是初中所接觸的還只是皮毛，高中階段的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)比之前的所學(xué)內(nèi)容復(fù)雜得多。（4）在課堂要求上的區(qū)別：a. 高中英語(yǔ)每次上課前要預(yù)習(xí)，課后認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)。上課時(shí)要做到心到、口到、手到、眼到，出勤必出力，積極參與。b. 要求同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)備好一本三線(xiàn)格（用于早讀檢測(cè)后訂正錯(cuò)誤的單詞詞組），一本筆記本（用于記錄課上或練習(xí)中出現(xiàn)的陌生的詞組，英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)積累的過(guò)程，要不時(shí)地及時(shí)翻閱），一本錯(cuò)題集。c. 早讀必須大聲朗讀，每次早讀必有檢測(cè)。d. 高中階段70%基礎(chǔ)在高一，所以本學(xué)期會(huì)有單詞拼寫(xiě)比賽，朗讀比賽等，要踴躍參加，爭(zhēng)取好成績(jī)。e. 作業(yè)無(wú)比獨(dú)立完成。 （5）在考試題型上

4、的區(qū)別： 初中考試的題型聽(tīng)力、單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、閱讀理解、詞匯運(yùn)用、完成句子、書(shū)面表達(dá)。 高中考試的題型聽(tīng)力、單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、閱讀理解、任務(wù)型閱讀、書(shū)面表達(dá)。 各個(gè)題型又有不同的解題方法。高中的更側(cè)重于能力，力求對(duì)知識(shí)的運(yùn)用。初高中英語(yǔ)銜接教學(xué)一、國(guó)際音標(biāo)英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)（48個(gè)）元音（20個(gè)）（特點(diǎn)：發(fā)音響亮，口腔中氣流不受阻礙）/i:/， /，/e/，/:/， /，/:/， /u:/ ，/，/:/，/e/ ，/a/，/，/a/，/，/e/，/輔音（28個(gè)）（特點(diǎn)：發(fā)音不響亮，口腔中氣流受到阻礙）/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/k/，/g/，/f/，/v/s/，/z/，/，/，/，/t/，

5、/ d /tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/m/，/n/，/，/h/l /，/r/，/ w/，/j/二、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念 1) 音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。apple, student, teacher, understand 2) 元音：發(fā)音響亮；口腔中氣流不受阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有20個(gè)元音。 3) 輔音：發(fā)音不響亮；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有28個(gè)輔音。 4) 開(kāi)音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音的e name bike; b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi （ 在開(kāi)音節(jié)中, 元音字母發(fā)他們?cè)谧帜副碇械囊簦?) 閉音節(jié)

6、：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b) 元音+輔音it （ 在閉音節(jié)中,元音字母發(fā)不同的音）6) 重讀閉音節(jié)：（1）必須是重讀音節(jié)； （2）. 最后只有一個(gè)輔音字母； （3）. 元音字母發(fā)短元音。 改變時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，重讀閉音節(jié)需要雙寫(xiě). 如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重讀在gin這個(gè)音節(jié)上，相當(dāng)于把gin改成雙寫(xiě)的) . forbid-forbidding (重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)). prohibit-prohibiting （重讀在第二音節(jié)，非重讀閉音節(jié)，不雙寫(xiě)） 2. 元音： 1) i: sea, he, see, piece,

7、 ceiling 2) i sit, build, miss, myth 3) e bed, desk, head 4) bad, land, bank, stamp 5) a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6) hot, want 7) : door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 8) look, put, women, could 9) u: goose, who, blue, soup10) cup, come, blood, rough 11) : girl,

8、work, serve, nurse 12) ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13) e cake, they, play, eight, great, 14) a bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15) boy, oil 16) phone, cold, boat, soul, grow17) a house, town18) dear, idea, deer, here, fierce 19) e pear, care, there, fair 2

9、0) tour, poor3. 容易混淆的元音 1) e bed bad; men man; pen pan; lend land 2) i: e read rail; greet, great; mean, main 3) e a bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4) a : house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5) a found fund 4. 輔音 1) p pen 2) b bed 3) t tell 4) d day, pl

10、ayed, wanted 5) k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept 6) g big, go, guess, language 7) f five, cough, laugh 8) v voice, of9) s sit, miss, science, case, scarf 10) z zoo, close, 11) think, 12) this, bathe 13) sure, she, social, nation 14) pleasure, 15) t child, teach, catch 16) d joke, bridge,17)

11、tr tree 18) dr dream19) ts boats 20) dz goods21) m man 22) n nine, knife 23) bank, uncle, English, sing,24) h hot, who 25) l land, world 26) r read, write27) w wall, what 28) j yes 5. 容易混淆的輔音 1) v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2) s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3) z clo

12、sing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathe 4) n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 6. 特殊讀音 1) 音的連讀：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2) 失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job 3) 音的同化：Would you like to go to the cinema? Cant you see it?4）音的濁化：expression, school, ex

13、treme繞口令：1. There are thirty-three trees there. 2. She sells seashells on the seashore, and the shells she sells are seashells.7. 重音 A）單音節(jié)本身就是重讀的，所以不需要寫(xiě)重讀符號(hào)。B) 雙音節(jié)詞 a) 一般在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorry b) 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans

14、- 等前綴的詞，第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。 about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translate c) 有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類(lèi)有關(guān), 一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。 record, record; insult, insult; co

15、nduct, conduct; present present; content, content C) 多音節(jié)詞 a) 一般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。difficult, communist, family, economy, opportunity, democracy. b) 詞尾有-ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。 editorial, historian, periodic, mathematics, experience,sufficient, id

16、entify, translation, religious, curiosity, protective 三、詞類(lèi)（一）英語(yǔ)中的單詞根據(jù)詞義、句法作用和形式特征所作的分類(lèi)。共有十類(lèi)：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。詞類(lèi)英語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)）意義例詞 名詞Noun (n.)表示人、事物時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)room動(dòng)詞 Verb (v. ) vt.及物vi. 不及物表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或性質(zhì) stand be形容詞Adjective(adj.) 表示人或事物的屬性或特征good interesting 代詞Pronoun（pron. ) 代替名詞、數(shù)詞以避免重復(fù)them

17、 everything數(shù)詞 Numeral (num.) 表示數(shù)量或順序 nine first冠詞Article (art.)用于名詞之前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義a an the 副詞Adverb （adv. ) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或全句，表示行為特征或性狀特征almost bravely介詞 Preposition ( prep. ) 用于名詞或代詞之前，表示名詞、代詞與其它詞之間的關(guān)系 near from連詞Conjunction (conj. ) 連接單詞、短語(yǔ)、從句或句子and but 感嘆詞Interjection（ interj. ) 表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的語(yǔ)氣或感情hello oh在上

18、述的十大詞類(lèi)中，名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞等具有明確的意義，可以在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，稱(chēng)為實(shí)義詞。介詞、連詞和冠詞只能起聯(lián)系或輔助的作用，都不在句子中擔(dān)任任何成分，稱(chēng)為虛詞。感嘆詞一般不構(gòu)成句子的一部分，通常作獨(dú)立成分.四、句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)：(一)、句子成分組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：主語(yǔ)（Subject）、謂語(yǔ)（Predicate）、表語(yǔ)（Predicative）、賓語(yǔ)（Object）、定語(yǔ)（Attribute）、同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）和狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)。英語(yǔ)句子成分中作主語(yǔ)就用主格“”,作賓語(yǔ)用賓格“me”，作定語(yǔ)用所有格“my”。這些形

19、態(tài)變化對(duì)分析辨認(rèn)成分很有幫助。英語(yǔ)成分的順序一般是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。1、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表示句子主要說(shuō)明的人或事物，一般由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞，不定式等充當(dāng)。He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。Walking after a meal is a very good habit. 飯后散步是很好的習(xí)慣。What parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 練習(xí)：指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞 The teacher with two of his stud

20、ents is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2、謂語(yǔ)We study for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣駥W(xué)習(xí)。Thousands of trees are planted every year.I can speak a little English.

21、我可以說(shuō)一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)。You ought to do something.3、表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)的一部分，它位于系動(dòng)詞如be之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。Money isnt everything.High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work.We soon became best friends.The map is on the wall.。My wish is to become an artist. My job is teaching English.My

22、question is how you knew him.練習(xí)：挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，跟在及物動(dòng)詞之后，能作賓語(yǔ)的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式等。We like English. Remember to te

23、ll him to come.Please stop making noise.Do you understand what I mean?有些及物動(dòng)詞可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，往往一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)。He gave me some ink. 他給了我一點(diǎn)墨水。=He gave some ink to me.Dad bought me a computer.=Dad bought a computer for me.練習(xí)：挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world sp

24、eak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will f

25、ind the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ) Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave a

26、ny message for me? 5、賓補(bǔ)是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等的一種句子成分。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞及不定式等。We make him our monitor. 我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。He spent last night with the light on. 昨天晚上他開(kāi)著燈睡了。When he arrived, he found all the people gone. 他到的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)所有人都走了。含有賓補(bǔ)的句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)便成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He was elected monitor. The gorl was thought rather cleve

27、r. 這個(gè)女孩被認(rèn)為相當(dāng)聰明。練習(xí)：挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground

28、 just now?6、定語(yǔ)在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語(yǔ)。用作定語(yǔ)的主要是形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，副詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)等。形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的詞前面。He is a new student. 他是個(gè)新生。但副詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則放在被修飾的詞之后。The bike in the room is mine. 房間里的自行車(chē)是我的。Look at the pictures below. 看下面的圖.I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. 我可以免

29、費(fèi)給國(guó)內(nèi)的家人和朋友發(fā)電子郵件了。The problem solved yesterday was very important.He lost his new pen that was bought last week. 練習(xí)：挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ) What is your given name?I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man down

30、stairs was trying to sleep. This is the best film that I have ever seen.7、 同位語(yǔ)對(duì)句子中某一種成分做進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明，與前面名詞在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)通常置于被說(shuō)明的詞之后?？梢宰鐾徽Z(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞和同位語(yǔ)從句等。Beijing, our capital, is a beautiful city. 我們的首都北京是一個(gè)美麗的城市。They each like English. 他們每個(gè)人都喜歡英語(yǔ)。Are you three ready to start out? 你們?nèi)硕紲?zhǔn)備好出發(fā)

31、了嗎？He made a promise that he would come to visit me next summer.Word came that the king died. 國(guó)王去世的消息傳來(lái)了。8、狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。用作狀語(yǔ)的通常是副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式和從句等。狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。He lives in London. 他住在倫敦。I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. 我可以免費(fèi)給國(guó)內(nèi)的家人

32、和朋友發(fā)電子郵件了。He sat there, reading a magazine.They stopped to have a good look at the scenery.Although he is young, he knows a lot.練習(xí)：挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelin

33、g too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. （二）、基本句型及句子結(jié)構(gòu)：英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)

34、構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：（主謂）基本句型二：（主謂表）基本句型三：（主謂賓）基本句型四：（主謂間賓直賓）基本句型五：（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）My English improved a lot.Cooking is really fun.I enjoyed all my subjects.All my teachers gave me much encouragement.Your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed.練習(xí)：判斷下列是哪種句型(句型_) 1. Thepen writ

35、essmoothly.(句型_) 2. Thesun wasshining. (句型_) 3. Thetrouble isthattheyareshortofmoney. (句型_) 4. This setthemthinking.(句型_) 5. Everythin looksdifferent.(句型_)6. Ishowedhimmypictures.(句型_)7. Whocares?(句型_)8. Theyatewhatwasleftover(句型_)9. HesaidGoodmorning. (句型_)10. Whatmakeshimthinkso?(句型_)11. Thedinnersmellsgood.(句型_)12. Igavemycarawash.(句型_)13. Hebroughtyouadictionary.(句型_)14. Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.(句型_)15. Theuniverseremains(句型_)16. Who knowstheanswer?(句型_)17. Heenjoysreading.(句型_)18. Theyfoundthehousedeserted. (句型_)19. Itold himthattheb