三家牧場的SCC分布課件

1、Meori Rosen Ph.D.羅森博士Expert for Dairy Farm ManagementEMBASSY OF ISRAEL IN BEIJING駐以色列大使館牧場管理專家r.meoriCenter for International Cooperation國際合作中心DHI Record Analysis In 三元 farmsDHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011翻譯：付海涵（阿菲金）Im coming from Israel我來自以色列DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011How DH

2、I system works in Israel ?以色列DHI系統(tǒng)是如何運(yùn)行的？DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Registration of bulls and cows牛只注冊（包括公牛）Data recording (input)數(shù)據(jù)記錄（錄入）Data validation (logic tests)數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)（邏輯校驗(yàn)）Data processing (statistical analysis)數(shù)據(jù)處理（數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)）Genetic evaluation遺傳評估Special professional production reports

3、 (output)專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)報(bào)告（輸出）THE ISRAELI DHI HERD-BOOK以色列DHI牛群登記DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011INSEMINATIONSERVICES配種服務(wù)Sires, InseminationsLABORATORYof MILKPRODUCTIONCONTROL牛奶質(zhì)量實(shí)驗(yàn)室控制Fat, Protein, SCC脂肪，蛋白，體細(xì)胞LABORATORYof MASTITISCONTROL實(shí)驗(yàn)室細(xì)菌數(shù)控制DAIRY FARMS牧場Milk, Data, Events產(chǎn)奶、數(shù)據(jù)和事件VETERINARYDAIRY

4、ASSOC.奶牛獸醫(yī)組織Diagnosis, Treatments, Pathology診斷、治療和病理DAIRYPLANTS飼草飼料 Bulk MilkInformation主要奶業(yè)信息DHI HERD BOOK DATA BANKDHI牛群登記數(shù)據(jù)庫BREEDING SYSTEM育種系統(tǒng)STATISTICREPORTS統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告WEB NETWORKWeb網(wǎng)絡(luò)DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011DATA and EVENTS out of NORMAL VALUES異常數(shù)據(jù)和事件REGULARREPORTS onPRODUCTIVITY生產(chǎn)常規(guī)報(bào)

5、告HEALTHREPORTS健康報(bào)告FERTILITYREPORTS繁育報(bào)告GENETICEVALUATIONS遺傳評定REPORTS onindividualCOWS個(gè)體牛只報(bào)告BREEDING SYSTEM育種系統(tǒng)STATISTIC REPORTS統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表DHIHERDBOOKDATABANKDHI牛群登記數(shù)據(jù)庫DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011When all this started in Israel and what has been achieved ?在以色列，這一切從什么時(shí)候開始，而我們又得到了什么？DHI Record Ana

6、lysis Jinan conference 2011DHI-recording system summary in Israel 1939 - 2009Year年份Herds牛群Cows牛只Cow/yearCow/yearFat %乳脂率Cow/year1934121,0293,6901363.691939312,8783,8471393.611944695,3034,2271503.551949888,7334,0441423.51195419814,3374,1971493.55195918116,9175,3471863.48196420224,0135,6941863.2719692

7、1234,1326,2712043.25197421447,1616,8332203.22197921261,9477,8552563.26198420566,0008,7342873.29198947972,6459,0922883.172733.00561199480292,1759,7483023.102892.96591199991698,48510,4693413.263213.07662200477599,53710,6683813.573313.107122008688103,89511,4614153.523673.16782Data from the “israeli her

8、dbook report, 2009Milk prod.(Kg)年單產(chǎn) Fat prod.(Kg)乳脂 Protein prod.(Kg)蛋白Protein %蛋白率Cow/year Fat and prot Prod. (Kg) 2009 68083,556 11,945 419 3.51 374 3.13 786DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011每頭牛每年平均產(chǎn)量1934-2008（公斤/年）ANNUAL AVERAGE PRODUCTION PER COW 1934 - 2008 (KG/YEAR)產(chǎn)奶量kgMilk Yield (Kg)乳

9、脂和乳蛋白重kgFat and Protein Yield (Kg)數(shù)據(jù)來自以色列奶業(yè)年鑒-2008Data from the “Israeli Herdbook Report- 2008產(chǎn)量乳脂率乳蛋白DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Annual milk production, milk-fat and Milk-protein percent between 1995 - 20091995-2009年間年產(chǎn)量、乳脂及蛋白率MILK (Kg)% solids in milk (Kg)Data from the “Israeli Herdbo

10、ok Report- 2009FatProteinMilk乳脂蛋白牛奶DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011 歐洲荷斯坦協(xié)會和動物檔案國際委員會（ International Committee for Animal Recording）的良種家畜登記冊記錄的泌乳周期（305天）平均奶產(chǎn)量AVERAGE YIELD (305 days) of RECORDEDCOWS REGISTERED by HERDBOOKS of the EUROPEAN HOLSTEIN ASSOCIATION and I.C.A.R. 以色列ISRAEL 2004 110

11、92 3.54 3.08 734Why to increase milk/cow ?為什么會增加單產(chǎn)？DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011生產(chǎn)性能Herd Performance日均產(chǎn) Milk/Cow/Day我們的利潤來自增加的35公斤牛奶The cheapest milk a producer can make is the next 3-5 kg each cow produces固定的成本已經(jīng)涵蓋，除了飼料成本就是利潤。Fixed costs already covered; only additional associated costs

12、 are marginal costs mostly feed目標(biāo)：2545公斤/天 Goal: 25 45 kg/cow/dayDHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Feed cost for production of 1 kg of milk in 三元 farms三元的每公斤奶飼料成本Milk/d kg日均產(chǎn)DMI* kg干物質(zhì)采食量NE l* Mcal/kg凈能CP* %粗蛋白比率Diet Price* 日糧價(jià)格Cost of1kg milk 公斤奶成本25201.3803523.51.49545

13、26.51.551654.11.2054301.6216.763.81.18* NRC 2001 * December 2010 DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011The effect of milk yield on production profitability產(chǎn)奶量對生產(chǎn)效率的影響 DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Israel-三元 cooperation in China中國以色列在三元的合作DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011% solid

14、s in milk (Kg)MILK (Kg)Annual milk production, milk-fat and Milk-protein percent between 2004 2010 in 中以 farm2004至2010年中以牧場的年產(chǎn)量以及乳脂率和乳蛋白率DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011DHI record analysisDHI記錄分析I came to China in March 2010 and started my consulting work at 中以 farm.2010年我來到中以牧場從事顧問工作In Jun

15、e 2010 I was asked to identify the problems of金 星 farm that dropped down in milk production.2010年6月我被要求去金星牧場解決產(chǎn)奶量下降問題三元 company publish a weekly list of farms ordered by their milk per cow production.三元集團(tuán)面向集團(tuán)發(fā)布產(chǎn)奶量周排名This farm went down from # 5 to # 23 in the list, over long period of time.該牧場從第5名下滑

16、到第23名DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Evaluating 金 星 farm problems金星牧場的問題評估1.Analyze 金 星 DHI and Afifarm data分析金星牧場DHI和“阿菲金”系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)2.Compare the analysis of 金 星 使用其他牧場與金星牧場對比To 中 以 - the highest milk production farm 中以-最高水平To 德 茂 an average farm.德茂-平均水平DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011三

17、元綠荷奶牛養(yǎng)殖中心產(chǎn)奶周報(bào)2010年4月5日-4月11日 指標(biāo)本 周 總產(chǎn)奶日 均 總產(chǎn)奶成母牛泌乳牛成泌比% 單位平均 頭數(shù)頭日 產(chǎn)奶排名上周頭日產(chǎn)奶頭日產(chǎn)增減 平均 頭數(shù)頭日 產(chǎn)奶排名區(qū)里中心區(qū)里中心總 計(jì)39824965689281948429.20 29.23 -0.03 1778132.00 91.3南區(qū)管理部238262234037511654 29.21 29.10 0.11 10496 32.43 90.1中 以20778029683896 33.13 1133.45 -0.32 789 37.63 1188.1半截河11207016010571 28.05 122027.42

18、 0.63 511 31.30 101889.6渠 頭13085018693692 27.00 142427.15 -0.15 605 30.90 111987.4德 茂14047620068655 30.65 3630.42 0.23 585 34.28 3389.4金銀島288720412461368 30.15 4730.62 -0.48 1254 32.90 6891.6鹿 牛12936118480631 29.31 91430.00 -0.69 561 32.92 5789.0綠牧園581008300294 28.20 111927.59 0.62 270 30.72 142291.

19、8金 星232712332451217 27.33 132327.40 -0.08 1078 30.84 122088.6DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Weekly list of milk production in三元 farmsDHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Milk production/milking cow 金 星金星牧場頭均單產(chǎn)237MILK (Kg)DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011What are the main princi

20、ples of DHI record analysisDHI記錄分析的主要原則DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Management of a dairy herd focuses around these five “Key Management Areas.”牛群管理關(guān)鍵在于以下五個(gè)“關(guān)鍵管理方面”DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Key Management Areas關(guān)鍵管理方面Production產(chǎn)奶Herd Lactation Status牛群胎次分布Reproduction繁殖Udde

21、r Health乳房健康Culling & Replacements入群與淘汰The performance of a herd in each of the management areas can be quickly assessed usingfive “Key Performance Indicators.”牛群在每個(gè)管理方面的生產(chǎn)性能可以使用五個(gè)“生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵要素”快速評定DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Key Performance Indicators關(guān)鍵生產(chǎn)要素Milk per cow per day 日單產(chǎn)Days in mil

22、k 泌乳天數(shù)Pregnancy rate 妊娠率Somatic cell count 體細(xì)胞數(shù)Culling rate 淘汰率DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011將關(guān)鍵管理方面（KMA）與關(guān)鍵生產(chǎn)要素（KPI）KMA KPIProductionMilk/Cow/Day產(chǎn)奶日產(chǎn)量Herd Lactation StatusDays in Milk（DIM）牛群胎次分布泌乳天數(shù)ReproductionPregnancy rate 繁殖妊娠率Udder HealthSomatic cell count 乳房健康體細(xì)胞數(shù)Culling & Replaceme

23、ntCulling rate 死淘淘汰率The analyzing principle分析原則若下降若下降若升高DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011For this work I used材料DHI files of 三元 DHI center1. 三元DHI中心的DHI文件2. AFIFARM reports of the farms2. 阿菲金系統(tǒng)牧場報(bào)告3. JMP statistical package3. JMP統(tǒng)計(jì)程序包DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Milk production, L

24、actation curve and stage of lactation奶產(chǎn)量、泌乳曲線和泌乳期DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011First step 第一步Monthly DHI dataDHI月報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)DHI ReportDHI報(bào)告DHI fileDHI 文件Yearly dbase file年度數(shù)據(jù)文件 JMP analysisJMP分析DHI centerDHI中心DHI ReportDHI 報(bào)告Lactation curve of 中以 farm in 20102010年中以牧場泌乳曲線+2.5DHI Record Analysis J

25、inan conference 2011 Standardized peak phase milk Definition校正高峰產(chǎn)奶量Standardized peak phase day milk: The expected production per day at given range days in milk.校正高峰產(chǎn)奶量：特定時(shí)間內(nèi)的預(yù)期日產(chǎn)量50-200 1st lactation 一胎 50-200天30-150 2nd & 3rd lactation 二胎和三胎 30-150天It removes the variation in test day production d

26、ue to stage of lactation and it allows production on one test day to be compared to production on another test day.該參數(shù)消除了測奶日不同產(chǎn)奶時(shí)期的影響，并且可以比較不同測奶日的產(chǎn)量DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Stages of Lactation產(chǎn)奶階段 Peak milk高峰奶 Peak phase 高峰期DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Simple average of m

27、onthly milk production月平均產(chǎn)奶DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Monthly milk production in Peak phase月高峰產(chǎn)奶 DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Cows # distribution牛群分布DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Standardized peak phase day milk (JIB)校正高峰日產(chǎn)奶MILK PRODUCTION YIELD產(chǎn)奶量BenchmarkKg/cow

28、/day校正奶Benchmark%校正比率# cows牛頭數(shù)Actual%實(shí)際比率ActualKg/cow/day實(shí)際產(chǎn)奶1st. Lactation 50-200 DIM36.575-8010283.136.612nd. Lactation 30-150 DIM45.392-956398.243.443rd. Lactation + 30-150 DIM48.710011310044.23DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Peak milk 高峰奶 Peak milk is the highest daily milk production a

29、chieved by each cow in the herd during their current lactation.高峰奶 是指每頭牛當(dāng)前胎次每頭牛的高峰期產(chǎn)奶量Highest value (Kg of milk) in the 6 milk tests (1-6) that are considered.前6次測定日中最高產(chǎn)奶量Peak days The ordinal days of Lactation in which the Peak of Lactation took place.高峰期 高峰產(chǎn)奶出現(xiàn)日Ideally, a cow will peak around 60-1

30、00* DIM and remain at that level through the next test.理想來說，高峰日出現(xiàn)在泌乳期的60-100天并且持續(xù)到下一個(gè)測定日DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011* (1st lactation cows 80-100 d and 2nd +adult 60-80 d) Stage of lactation胎次分布Peak milk高峰奶 Peak phase 高峰階段DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Peak milk 高峰奶Milk peaks d

31、irectly impact dairy farm profitability. 高峰奶直接影響牧場收益Each increase of one kg in peak milk production equals an additional 110-140 kg of milk per cow per lactation.高峰日產(chǎn)奶增加1kg，整個(gè)泌乳期產(chǎn)奶量增加110-140kgDHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Monthly peak milk production月平均高峰日產(chǎn)奶DHI Record Analysis Jinan confe

32、rence 2011Cows # distribution牛群胎次分布DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Peak of lactation胎次高峰PEAK OF LACTATION (Kg)GoalKg%lactation# ofcows%lactationActualkg1st. Lactation 38.575-8027776.838.142nd. Lactation 48.092-9524910349.613rd. Lactation + (ADULT)50.610026310047.94TIME OF PEAK OF LACTATION

33、(months)1st. Lactation 3.32773.262nd. Lactation 2.32492.313rd. Lactation + (ADULT)2.32632.07DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Persistency 持續(xù)力Persistency is a measure of how well animals are maintaining production. 持續(xù)力衡量牛群生產(chǎn)維持能力Production normally decreases 7 to 8% per month after peak milk is

34、 achieved. 到達(dá)產(chǎn)奶高峰后，產(chǎn)奶量每月降幅是7%到8%Larger decreases are referred to as poor persistency. 降幅大了持續(xù)力差DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Production should increase from the first test to the second test, remain fairly constant from the second test to the third test. 產(chǎn)奶量從首測日到第二個(gè)測奶日會有增長，第二個(gè)測奶日到第三個(gè)測奶日保持恒

35、定After the third test, cowsshould average 92 to 93% of the previous months production per month throughout the lactation.泌乳期內(nèi)，從第三個(gè)測奶日往后，每月測奶產(chǎn)量是上個(gè)測奶日得92%到93% Heifers will average 94 to 96% of the previous months production from following the third test through the lactation.頭胎牛是上月的94%到96%Heifers - 94

36、-96% of previous production after the third test2nd Lactation & Mature Cows - 92-93% of previous production after the third testDHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Stage of lactation胎次分布DIM45751051351651952252552853501203138353836353833282264451434338403831253+32415149413636383019startpeak peak

37、Avg. 1Diff.10.76.73-2.813.58-1.84-1.282.3-4.52-4.67-1.322Diff.17.87.02-7.830.02-4.851.36-1.33-7.23-5.6-3.643+Diff.8.2610-2.04-7.09-5.770.781.76-7.7-11-4.44PersistencyAvg. 10.950.971.090.870.850.9420.841.000.881.050.950.820.810.913+0.960.840.881.001.060.790.630.88DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference

38、2011A comparison between JX and the 2 other farms: ZHY (high) and DM (average) in main lactation parameters. 與其它兩個(gè)牧場主要產(chǎn)奶參數(shù)的比較DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011The effect of DIM on milk production泌乳天數(shù)對產(chǎn)奶量的影響DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Distribution of cows less than 300 DIM in the

39、3 farms3個(gè)牧場的牛群產(chǎn)奶分布DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011JXZHYDMLess than 300 days (DIM)300天泌乳日以下HTM kgUpper tenth465346Lower tenth1925.223.6More than 300 days (DIM)300天泌乳日以上Upper tenth314036.2Lower tenth1217.515.6The upper and the lower tenths of milk production in the 3 farms最高和最低的10頭平均產(chǎn)奶量For co

40、ws with less than 300 DIM in the upper tenth there are no differences between JX and DM farms, the difference is in the lower tenth. 泌乳天數(shù)300天以內(nèi)的最高10頭平均產(chǎn)奶沒有差異，最低10頭平均產(chǎn)奶有差異Average milk production is lower because of the lower tenth cows. 平均產(chǎn)奶低是因?yàn)樽畹?0頭產(chǎn)奶低As for the cows with more than 300 DIM the upper

41、 and the lower tenth of JX are much lower.對于泌乳天數(shù)300天以上的牛只最高和最低的10頭產(chǎn)奶量都較低DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Distribution of DIM with threshold of 300 DIM以泌乳天數(shù)300天為界的牛只比例JXZHYDMLess than 300 DIM%1st lactation65.370642nd lactation76.988823rd+ lactation81.98887More than 300 DIM1st lactation34.7303

42、62nd lactation23.112173rd+ lactation18.11213DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Cows in the 2 nd and the 3 rd lactation in this farm are the main problem.該場第二胎和第三胎牛是主要問題 Their DIM is too high. 泌乳天數(shù)太大Milking cows with more than 300 DIM in 2nd and 3rd lactation should not be more than 13 %. 第二胎和第

43、三胎牛中泌乳天數(shù)超過300天的不應(yīng)該超過13%The main reason for high % of cows with more than 300 DIM is poor fertility that can be a function of malnutrition or bad insemination practice and heat detection accuracy. 泌乳天數(shù)超過300天的牛頭數(shù)比率過高是由于營養(yǎng)不良、不當(dāng)輸精和發(fā)情鑒定失誤DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011JXZHYDMMilk yield kg/cow/d

44、ay產(chǎn)奶量The situation now 全群3037.633.6Only cows with less than 300 DIM 泌乳天數(shù)300天牛只3339.535.6Difference差異31.92Distribution of DIM with threshold of 300 DIM以泌乳天數(shù)300天為界的牛只比例DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Milk production vs. DIM產(chǎn)量和泌乳天數(shù)的線性相關(guān)性DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011The average DIM

45、of the 3 farms are: 230, 216 and 193 in JX, DM and ZHY respectively (at the time of measurement). 三個(gè)牧場的泌乳天數(shù)：JX230天，DM216天，ZHY193天In order to reduce DIM of JX farm to 190 days we need to cull 10% of the low producing cows.為降低泌乳天數(shù)到190天，我們需要淘汰10%的低產(chǎn)牛 In a case like this average milk production of JX mi

46、lk will increase from 30.1 to 33.1 kg.如果這樣，JX牧場的單產(chǎn)會從30.1公斤上升到33.1公斤Even though the DIM will be shortened still daily milk yield of JX cows will be lower than the 2 other farms.即使是泌乳天數(shù)降低，JX牧場單產(chǎn)依然低于其他兩個(gè)牧場 The longer DIM is only part of the story and there are more elements that influence cows milk yie

47、ld in JX farm.DIM僅僅是影響JX牧場奶產(chǎn)量的眾多因素之一DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Parity 胎次Milk production increases with lactation number and is maximized in the fourth or the fifth lactation. 隨著胎次的增加，產(chǎn)奶量逐胎上升，到第四和第五胎到達(dá)最高峰Therefore, the distribution of cows in parities could be also an important factor t

48、hat influences the average milk production of a herd.因此，胎次同樣也是一個(gè)影響牛群產(chǎn)量的重要因素In ZHY farm 1st lactation cows produce 30.6% of the total milk where in DM farm 28.9% and in JX farm 35.5%. 在ZHY牧場 一胎牛產(chǎn)奶占總產(chǎn)量的30.6%，DM牧場占28.9%，JX牧場占35.5%DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011ParityJXZHYDM1st34.6%34.8%30.3%2

49、nd24.0%35.7%26.2%3rd+41.4%29.5%43.5%Distribution of cows by parity牛群胎次分布DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Reproduction 繁殖DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011等待天數(shù)VWP泌乳階段12個(gè)月Lactation stages (12 months)繁殖Reproduction Chart產(chǎn)犢首配配孕產(chǎn)犢首配天數(shù)配準(zhǔn)天數(shù)浪費(fèi)天數(shù)干奶期懷孕期繁殖配準(zhǔn)天數(shù)首配天數(shù)+發(fā)情鑒定率+懷孕率DHI Record Analysis Ji

50、nan conference 2011Reproduction (Terms)繁殖For an adequate evaluation of dairy cows fertility,we need to refer to certain standards.為了充分評估牛群繁殖，我們需要依據(jù)特定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Cow fertility is generally evaluated by the 指標(biāo)如下:Average Days to 1st Service: DIM from calving to first service attempt. This is calculated by summi

51、ng the days to first service for all cows which have been bred at least once. The sum is divided by the number of those cows.頭胎牛泌乳天數(shù)Wasted days: The time between DFS to DES.浪費(fèi)天數(shù)：配種日期和配準(zhǔn)日期間的時(shí)間段Days open:(the interval between calving and successfulAI)配準(zhǔn)天數(shù)：產(chǎn)犢到成功配種的天數(shù)DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference

52、 2011Reproduction (Terms)繁殖Breeding interval : Intervals between Heats and Services is a summary of the distribution of all intervals (in days) between reported heats and services for cows currently in the herd. 繁殖間隔: 發(fā)情間隔的平均值Calving interval :(the interval between successive calving).產(chǎn)犢間隔Conception

53、 rate (CR): The percent of services with known outcomes over a specified period of time that result in a pregnancy, or, alternatively, the number pregnant divided by number inseminated (and subsequently determined to be pregnant or not pregnant) over some time period.妊娠率Pregnancy rate (PR): The perc

54、entage of eligible cows that becomes pregnant within a given time frame - usually 21 days. 情期受胎率DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011發(fā)情周期天數(shù)分布 Cycle length distribution 復(fù)配Double inseminations: 14天（發(fā)情時(shí)間長，發(fā)情初期開始配）1-4 days (long heats, inseminations on the early signs of the heat)短周期Short cycles: 51

55、7天（上次或當(dāng)前配種時(shí)發(fā)情異常，卵泡囊腫）5-17 days (last or current insemination not on actual heat, cystic cows) 正常周期Normal cycles: 1824天 18-24 days (the usually assumed normal cycle length)長周期Long cycles: 2536天（上次或當(dāng)前配種時(shí)發(fā)情異常，胚胎死亡）25-36 days (last or current insemination not on actual heat, embryonic death)雙周期Double cy

56、cles: 3648天（遺漏了一個(gè)發(fā)情，或上次發(fā)情為安靜發(fā)情）36-48 days (missed heats, “quiet” last heat)超長周期Very long cycles: 大于48天（遺漏了發(fā)情，懷孕異常）more than 48 days (usually missed heats, abnormal pregnancies)DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Heat Detection發(fā)情鑒定Heifers1st lact.2+ lact.All cowsTotalDistribution of cycles% % 5-

57、17 days-7.143.334.553.51 18-25 days76.9235.7130.0031.8242.11 26-35 days7.697.1416.6713.6412.28 36-60 days15.3850.0050.0050.0042.11Breeding interval產(chǎn)犢間隔26.0035.0035.0035.0033.00Heat Detection accuracy 發(fā)情鑒定準(zhǔn)確率80.0060.0060.0060.0064.00Conception rate 受胎率55.8038.5043.6041.0545.97Pregnancy rate 妊娠率44.642

58、3.1026.1624.6329.42AFIFARM Fertility table (JIB)金星牧場“阿菲金”繁殖報(bào)表DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011發(fā)情周期分布情況Cycle length distribution 天天天天后備牛 1胎 2胎及以上 全部后備牛 1胎 2胎及以上 全部天天天天Breeding Intervals發(fā)情周期分布 以色列2009年Heat detection statistic Israeli Herd-book 2009 發(fā)情周期分布Cycle length distribution 后備牛 1胎 2胎及以上

59、全部DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011JXDMZHYAge at first calving (months)初產(chǎn)月齡282725.5Calving interval (days)產(chǎn)犢間隔436419409Milking days泌乳天數(shù)370350339Full lactation milk production kg胎次產(chǎn)奶11,10011,76012,746Three farms comparison of same production parameters

60、 DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Why heat detection is so important ?為什么發(fā)情鑒定如此重要Heat not detected 發(fā)情鑒定漏查Cow is not pregnant 牛只無法懷孕Open days increased 空懷期變長DIM increased泌乳天數(shù)增加Milk production decreased 產(chǎn)奶下降SCC increased 體細(xì)胞上升DHI Record Analysis Jinan conference 2011Somatic Cell CountSCC體細(xì)胞數(shù)DH