詞性轉(zhuǎn)換構(gòu)詞法課件

1、第三講詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(構(gòu)詞法)思維導(dǎo)圖一、動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的規(guī)律1.動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrectcorrection改正celebratecelebration 慶祝；慶祝會(huì)attractattraction 吸引concludeconclusion 結(jié)論；結(jié)束discussdiscussion 討論；辯論decidedecision 決定-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationadmitadmission 接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)inviteinvitation 邀請(qǐng)explainexplanation 解釋graduategraduati

2、on 畢業(yè)expectexpectation 期望-er/-ordrivedriver司機(jī)；駕駛員gathergatherer 收集者；采集者teachteacher 老師announceannouncer 廣播員conductconductor 指揮；售票員-mentpunishpunishment 懲罰achieveachievement 功績(jī)；成就argueargument 辯論；論據(jù)treattreatment 對(duì)待；治療equipequipment 裝備；設(shè)備governgovernment 政府-ance/-enceappearappearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guideguidanc

3、e 指引；指導(dǎo)performperformance 表演；節(jié)目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏愛referreference 參考；查閱-inghearhearing聽力；聽覺beginbeginning 開始-ure/-turefailfailure失??；倒閉presspressure 壓力departdeparture 離開；出發(fā)mixmixture 混合；混合物-yrecoverrecovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discoverdiscovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choosechoice選擇varyvariety 多樣化；種類tendtendency 趨向；趨

4、勢(shì)2.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshortshortage不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流暢accurateaccuracy 準(zhǔn)確性privateprivacy 隱私；私密-domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧-encedifferentdifference 差異silentsilence 沉默-nessweakweakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意-thstrongstrength 力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)warmwar

5、mth 溫暖；熱情-y/-ty/-ityhonesthonesty 誠(chéng)實(shí)difficultdifficulty 困難cruelcruelty 殘酷；殘暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 無能；傷殘responsibleresponsibility 責(zé)任二、名詞、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的規(guī)律后綴例詞-ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒適的fashionfashionable 時(shí)髦的suitsuitable 合適的reasonreasonable 有道理的；合理的-almusicmusical 音樂的originorig

6、inal 最初的personpersonal 個(gè)人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的-fuldoubtdoubtful 懷疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的-edscarescared 感到恐懼的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下劃線的-ingsurprisesurprising 令人驚異的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人滿意的

7、-ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的-iveactactive 積極的；活躍的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 給人深刻印象的-ouscontinuecontinuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxietyanxious 憂慮的cautioncautious 十分小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的-sometiretiresome令人厭倦的troubletrou

8、blesome 麻煩的-ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；豐富的-erneasteastern東方的；向東的-ishchildchildish孩子氣的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的-icsciencescientific 科學(xué)的energyenergetic 精力充沛的名師指津 -ed形容詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到的”，通常修飾人；-ing形容詞多表示主語所具有的特征，意為“令人的”，通常修飾物或事。三、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的規(guī)律類別例詞直接加-lyclearclearly清楚地g

9、reatgreatly 很，大大地以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i再加-lyhappyhappily高興地heavyheavily 沉重地詞尾為ble/le的形容詞，去掉e，再加-yterribleterribly可怕地gentlegently 輕輕地 詞尾為ue的形容詞，去掉e再加-lytruetruly 真實(shí)地詞尾為ll的形容詞，直接加-yfullfully充分地dulldully 遲鈍地詞尾為-ic的形容詞，加-allybasicbasically 主要地scientific scientifically 合乎科學(xué)地厘清兩種情況，突破詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.名詞在句中作賓語，被冠詞或形容詞或形容詞

10、性物主代詞所修飾 例1 She is determined to carry on with her_(educate)(2017全國(guó)卷)分析 education前面有形容詞性物主代詞her，此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞educate的名詞形式education作賓語。從句法功用上看，厘清“修飾與被修飾”例2 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the_(develop)of chopsticks.(2016全國(guó)卷)分析 dev

11、elopment根據(jù)空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此處需要名詞。2.形容詞在句中作定語，常放在名詞之前例3 It was a relief and I came to a _(sudden) stop just in the middle of the road.(2017全國(guó)卷改編)分析 sudden此處需要用形容詞修飾后面的名詞stop，表示“突然的停止”。3.形容詞在句中作表語，常放在be，get，become，remain等系動(dòng)詞后例4 At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I cou

12、ld be _ (free) from them.(2016全國(guó)卷改編)分析 free此處需要用形容詞作表語。be free from them“擺脫他們”。4.形容詞在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，之前常有使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞或介詞with加名詞或代詞例5 As I walked，I looked up，trying to realize what made this day so _(beauty)分析 beautiful使役動(dòng)詞make之后跟復(fù)合賓語，用形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。5.副詞在句中修飾動(dòng)詞例6 The title will be_(official) given to me at a cerem

13、ony in London.(2016全國(guó)卷)分析 officially此處表示(大使)這個(gè)頭銜將在倫敦的一個(gè)儀式上正式授予給我。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)該使用副詞officially作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞given。6.副詞在句中修飾形容詞或其他副詞例7 Dad and I were _(terrible) worried.(全國(guó)卷改編)分析 terribly此處應(yīng)用副詞terribly修飾形容詞worried。7.副詞用在句首，修飾整個(gè)句子，表示狀態(tài)、原因等例8 _(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(廣東高考)分析 Luck

14、ily此處為副詞用于句首，表示狀態(tài)。8.要特別注意有使役用法的動(dòng)詞的分詞形式用作形容詞時(shí)的區(qū)別。如amazed常修飾人的內(nèi)心感受，表示“吃驚的”；amazing常修飾事物，表示“令人吃驚的”。例9 There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and_(disappoint)(新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)分析 disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)，應(yīng)使用-ed形式的形容詞，此處表示“他們中有些人看起來既焦慮又失望”。詞形變化是重點(diǎn)，注意特殊形式和變化特點(diǎn)：以-e結(jié)尾加-ly，切記true需把-e去；-ble，-ple都是去-e把-y加。另外需注意形副同形詞。例10 Instead，he hopes that his business will grow _(steady)(2016全國(guó)卷改編)分析 steadily謂語動(dòng)詞grow是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“增長(zhǎng)，增強(qiáng)”，此處應(yīng)該使用副詞steadily作狀語修飾grow。grow steadily意為“穩(wěn)定地增長(zhǎng)”。例11 Recent studies show that we are far