外向與內(nèi)向住宅,格拉斯哥英國

1、外向與內(nèi)向住宅，格拉斯哥，英國EXTROVERT /ROVERTHOUSING,GLASGOW,UK,設(shè)計(jì) DESIGN ：RMJM1 外觀Outward view5 2 世界建筑 8/2002作為1999 年格拉斯哥的旗艦工程，未來住宅項(xiàng)目的發(fā)起人召集了一批建筑師、開發(fā)商和規(guī)劃師，在格拉斯哥公園建造了100棟住宅。城市管理者建議這里的建筑和規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)為人們提供可選擇的居住環(huán)境，而這對(duì)于居住在郊區(qū)邊緣的人們來說是不可能的。這一舉措，可以吸引一批人重新回到城市中心區(qū)。因此，所有參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的組織都要努力向世人證明，建設(shè)在城市中心區(qū)的“可支付住宅”也會(huì)有令人興奮的設(shè)計(jì)。RMJM 的格拉斯哥參加了兩棟

2、相鄰建筑的設(shè)計(jì)。其中較大的一棟被稱為“外向型”。這棟外向型建筑包括1 套1 室1 廳的公寓；1 套2 室1廳的公寓；還有3 套有3 間臥室、2 室1 廳和3 室1 廳的小戶型公寓。建筑立面上大面積的玻璃開窗與“內(nèi)向型”住宅相對(duì)封閉的立面相映成趣，同時(shí)這樣的開窗還出現(xiàn)在兩棟建筑共用樓梯的兩側(cè)上。外向型住宅吸收了格拉斯哥傳統(tǒng)“住屋”的建筑語匯，即住宅圍繞一個(gè)公共的樓梯而建，從而形成一個(gè)“閉環(huán)”。在人們的傳統(tǒng)觀念中，“住屋”往往是擁擠的低質(zhì)量住宅的代名詞。但是，許多人來到這些位于和格拉斯哥，由托基金興建的社區(qū)后會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，原來“住屋”也可以如此地寬敞和豁亮。RMJM 設(shè)計(jì)的第 2 棟建筑包括 1

3、套 2 室 1 廳的公寓和1套3室1廳的小戶型。與前一棟建筑相比，設(shè)計(jì)師采用了一系列處理手法使得建筑的性格更加內(nèi)向，較少地依賴于整個(gè)社區(qū)而獨(dú)立存在。這些建筑提供了一個(gè)充滿想象力的、高質(zhì)量的設(shè)計(jì)范本，因而改變了人們對(duì)社會(huì)公共住宅的印象。RMJM 設(shè)計(jì)的建筑頂部是一個(gè)屋頂花園，在那里人們可以眺望到格拉斯哥城市中心以及社區(qū)中的其他建筑。可以說，“住屋”不再是一個(gè)由厚重的石墻圍合的私密性空間。設(shè)計(jì)師嘗試著將傳統(tǒng)的住屋空間與生活性空間結(jié)合起來，從而為整個(gè)社區(qū)注入了新的。RMJM 設(shè)計(jì)中的元素具有清晰的幾何形，并且只使用有限的幾種材料，因此建筑形式具有一定的連貫性。建筑結(jié)構(gòu)包括一個(gè)木質(zhì)的框架，表面覆有西紅

4、雪松木板和強(qiáng)力涂料。細(xì)部裝飾有鋁板和外樓梯兩側(cè)的電鍍扶手。這種5層高的木質(zhì)構(gòu)架在英國木質(zhì)建筑中是極為少見的。這是對(duì)綠色建筑的最好支持。建筑使用灰色的板材和涂料，因而整棟建筑并不突兀，而作為一個(gè)背景與整個(gè)社區(qū)環(huán)境融為一體。（成硯 譯）三層平面Floor 3 plan二層平面Floor 2 plan首層平面Floor 1 plan 5 剖面Section6立面Elevation5 3 世界建筑 8/2002As one of the flagship projects of Glasgow 1999, Homes for the Future has brought together a grou

5、p of architects, developersand planners to build 100 new homes onExtrovert building draws on the traditionlanguage of Glasgows tenement flats-the potential of timber technology boasuper structural component and as a cladding material. Finally the buildings were conceived as turning grey. The Cedar c

6、ladding and thewhite render, eventually achieving a coolapartmentst cluster around a sharedstaircase, forming a close. On the other side of the stair withiis building maisonette type modation was incorporated. The duplex arrangements over two or three floorswere to be more private and cellular withG

7、lasgow Green. The city prsedatcontemporary architecture and collaborative planning offer a choice of living environments t are not available to the suburban edge dwelling and promote the return of some of the lost population. All the onizations were asked to work together to demonstrate how exciting

8、, but affordable housing could be builte heart of the city.demure with the architectureingbackground rathern foreground, housingwith humility after Glasgows City ofsmallicture windows to frame viewsArchitecture ceations.(rovert), these units also having accelevated roof gardens.tohe spirit of the Ho

9、mes for the Future demonstration brief, RMJM design team tried in the microcosm, to respond fully to thechallenging requirements for a critical urbanThe smaller northern block has one two-bedroom flat withree-bedroom wiprivate garden and oneroof terrace. This buildingThe RMJM Extrovert/rovert housin

10、gdensity and scale aroundlandscs, with designsimate capturedt embraced theprojecGlasgows UK homes for the Futureis the more Ivert of the two adjoining blockssite respondedy to the ambitious designand was to hide behind a punctured screenpotential for family living or singlemodation. These buildings

11、offer anframework establishedhe City ofand faceits own private garden.Architecture mastan prol. This planThe roof of the RMJM buildings has beenimaginative, high quality design tseeks towas appropriay prescriptive and helpeddetermine the scale and single aspect orienion of the buildings. The RMJM bu

12、ildingsturnedo an extensive landscgarden,change public perception of what can bewith spectacular views over the centre of Glasgow and the rest of the Homes for the Future development. Here the traditional image of a tenement with its solid walls enclosing generous areas of private space had been cha

13、llenged. By attempting to combine tenements and some privatised living space, the community spirit could be rekindled.The legibility of these initial design moves isavailable in soand public housing.（）were to be located withisites int or withan aspect overlooking the communal landsc. From the outset

14、 of the project thedesign team had a vit the buildingswould have a very simple form. We understoode southern Villa talthough the buildingwas small in comparison to the othejects,it could have a largresence by having abig dumb sh , a com ition made up of two components, one timber-clad and the other

15、rendered said by Paul Stallan, Director of RMJM Glasgow office.The southern building consists of four flats, a two-bedroom maisonette and a three- bedroom maisonette. It is the larger of the two adjoining buildings designed by RMJM on thesite is described as the Extrovert. Inevidente final result. G

16、iven thhe projectwas to be procured through a Design andBuild contract the design team had to ensurea robustnesshese original concepts andaccept a design which did not rely on the detail for its drama, given it would most likely be changed.erms of construction, the structureconsists of a timber frame, clad with Westernlarger block the flattedmodationRed Cedar wood anderwall render. Theattempts to take full advantage of the viewsthrough its large windows and benefits from