高中英語課時-七選五閱讀-詞意猜測題教學(xué)課件

1、 【全國卷類】課 時 1專題二 七選五閱讀1. 文體特點七選五閱讀理解最早出現(xiàn)在2007年的寧夏（海南）高考英語試卷中，是一種新型的閱讀理解題，字?jǐn)?shù)在300左右。這類題型所采用的文體可以是說明文（expository）、議論文（argumentative）、記敘文（narrative），但從近幾年的高考試題來看，以說明文的形式出題的概率較大,記敘文次之。2. 命題規(guī)律以全國卷I為例，七選五閱讀理解一般為一整篇文章（多為說明文），挖掉其中5個句子，并增加2個干擾項，隨意排列，并將這7個選項分別標(biāo)記為A、B、C、D、E、F、G。要求考生閱讀短文，并從所給的七個選項中選出五個選項填入短文的空格中（每

2、個選項只能選一次），使文章完整，邏輯正確。它重點考查考生對語境的理解，需要考生具有較強的邏輯思維、想象力、判斷力和推理能力。2. 體裁形式考查最多、考查熱點說明文（介紹國內(nèi)外新科技、新發(fā)明的文章）。全國卷高考閱讀理解題的必考點：應(yīng)用文和說明文。夾敘夾議類文章在閱讀理解題中考查極少，但一般出現(xiàn)在完形填空題。1. 四個解題步驟（1）通讀全文（2）定位選項（3）確定排除（詳細(xì)說明見書本P105、P106）（4）通讀復(fù)檢2. 五個解題技巧通過文章的標(biāo)題或各段的小標(biāo)題預(yù)測文章的大意。略讀文章的內(nèi)容，了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點并把握文章的脈絡(luò)。瀏覽各段主題句，獲取主題信息和基本句意，這些句子可能對文章中上下文起到

3、說明、論證、舉例、對比、遞進的作用。仔細(xì)閱讀全文，尤其是空白處前后的句子，根據(jù)語言的特點和句子間的邏輯關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn)解題線索，并利用并列關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、時間關(guān)系、空間關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、列舉關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系和選擇關(guān)系來選擇正確答案。敏感地發(fā)現(xiàn)語法關(guān)系，如下文中代詞的指代、信息詞的重復(fù)、不同時態(tài)的使用、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較級等。這些都是上下文的契合點與連接點，是重要的解題線索，能夠幫助考生合理地選擇正確答案。（一）全國卷類1. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系2. 遞進關(guān)系3. 時間關(guān)系1. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 典型的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的過渡詞語有however, but, yet, although, never

4、theless, otherwise, in spite of等。我們可以通過觀察選項是否與空格前面的句子或空格后面的句子構(gòu)成邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并據(jù)此確定試題的答案。當(dāng)然，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系還可能出現(xiàn)在段落之間。因此，我們還應(yīng)注意段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系?！菊骖}鏈接】 At the deepest depths of the great mountain, in a huge labyrinth(迷宮) of tunnels created by the great wizards, there lived or imprisoned a most horrible creature known as Kra

5、ton. He had been put there after frightening the local population. It was a magic labyrinth with only one entrance and exit which changed its position every day. _ His name was Jafa, and he was in such a hurry to fulfill his desire that, on hearing of Kraton, he thought of setting it free to help hi

6、m with his plans, no matter how dangerous the monster was. (2017全國卷)A. But it so happened that there arrived in that land a man of wicked heart, whose only wish was to rule over all of the Kings people.B. Therefore, few people were able to realize what had happened to the city last night.【解析】A。在這兩個段

7、落之間，空格前面的內(nèi)容同選項A的內(nèi)容之間很明顯地存在一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。由此，我們可以確定本題應(yīng)選答案A。2. 遞進關(guān)系 典型的表示遞進關(guān)系的過渡詞語有besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, whats more等。我們可以通過觀察選項是否與空格前面的句子或空格后面的句子構(gòu)成邏輯上的遞進關(guān)系，并據(jù)此確定試題的答案。【真題鏈接】 However, with tailored Peugeot car mats, you can protect your cars interior and maintain its value for a longer p

8、eriod of time. Tailored(定做的) Peugeot car mats are designed specifically for your vehicle, meaning that they will fit perfectly into the carpeted area. Not only will this protect your car from dirt, but it will also make the inside of your vehicle look more beautiful. _ This is because you have a wid

9、e selection of mats to choose from. For example, if you plan to use your car mainly in the city, you can purchase cloth car mats that make the car seem more luxurious and comfortable. However, you can quickly and affordably swap out your cloth mats for heavy duty rubber mats that are easy to wash an

10、d clean. Allweather rubber mats are great for use in places where your car may get muddy, or if you plan to use your car to transport tools, bricks, and other objects that could tear or damage traditional cloth mats. (2016全國卷)A. Thats why people dont enjoy too much wine nowadays especially the middl

11、e aged people.B. In addition, tailored car mats make it possible for you to fit your vehicle and truly make it your own.【解析】B。空格前面的兩個句子都陳述定做的汽車墊子所具有的優(yōu)點，這些優(yōu)點之間存在一種邏輯上的遞進關(guān)系。而在所給的選項中，選項B就具有遞進關(guān)系的含義。因此，本空應(yīng)選答案B。3. 時間關(guān)系 典型的表示時間關(guān)系的詞語有first(ly), at first, then, next, second(ly), third(ly), in the end, finall

12、y, at last, initially, eventually等。我們可以通過觀察選項是否同空格前面的句子或空格后面的句子構(gòu)成邏輯上的時間關(guān)系，據(jù)此確定試題的答案?！菊骖}鏈接】 Many parents are concerned about sending their children to an overnight summer camp because they fear that their kids will get homesick, especially if they have not been away from home before. While this may b

13、e a legitimate(適當(dāng)?shù)? concern for a few children, a camp away from home is a great adventure. Days are so filled with activities that kids wont even have time to miss home. _ They will also be surrounded by many new friends who are experiencing their first nights alone, and sharing that experience wil

14、l make it easier for each of them. (2015全國卷)A. At night, your child will have a counselor in their cabin with them.B. Doing sports can build up peoples health and strong willpower.【解析】A。本空前面一句的days同選項A中的at night在邏輯上構(gòu)成時間上的先后關(guān)系。故本空應(yīng)選答案A。 【全國卷類】課 時 2（一）全國卷類4. 并列關(guān)系5. 對比關(guān)系6. 因果關(guān)系4. 并列關(guān)系 表示并列關(guān)系的常見詞語有and,

15、or, as well as, on one hand on the other hand等。我們可以通過觀察選項是否與空格前面的句子或空格后面的句子構(gòu)成邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，并據(jù)此確定試題的答案?！菊骖}鏈接】 Today computers are used in almost every field. Whether we want to book tickets, to maintain accounts or communicate with each other computers are there to answer our every need. So we see that co

16、mputers are slowly replacing human beings at work. _ The question we are addressing today is Can computers replace human beings as teachers too? My opinion is Yes, they can. Not only can they do the work of a teacher but they can do it better too. (2016全國卷)A. Each of us should work hard to realize o

17、ur dream.B. And why shouldnt they since they are far more efficient than human hands and save us valuable time?【解析】B。本空前面的一句同選項B之間存在邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，都用來陳述計算機的優(yōu)勢。據(jù)此，我們可以確定選項B為答案。5. 對比關(guān)系 表示對比關(guān)系的常見詞語有while, instead (of), in contrast等。我們可以通過觀察選項是否與空格前面的句子或空格后面的句子在邏輯上構(gòu)成對比關(guān)系，并據(jù)此確定試題的答案?！菊骖}鏈接】 Coming from a perfor

18、ming arts background, I feel that I have the creativity to accomplish many great things at FIT. I can visualize concepts in my mind and bring them to life. Growing up in New York City and being around so much talent made me want to pursue dance as my career. As the years went by, I realized that the

19、 limelight is not where I want to be. _ I know what performers go through because Ive been there.A. To perform well enough, you need to be well prepared for what you will be doing.B. Instead, I felt like I would be better as a support system and a stepping stone.【解析】B。根據(jù)空格前面一句的內(nèi)容和選項B的內(nèi)容，我們可以看出，這兩個句子

20、之間存在邏輯上的對比關(guān)系。據(jù)此，我們可以確定本題的答案應(yīng)為B。6. 因果關(guān)系 表示因果關(guān)系的常見詞語有therefore, as a result, so that, so, thus等。我們可以通過觀察選項是否與空格前面的句子或空格后面的句子構(gòu)成邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，并據(jù)此確定試題的答案?！菊骖}鏈接】 “I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance cl

21、asses for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. My older students say it makes them feel young. Its great to watch them. For many of them, its a way of meeting people and having a social life. ” _ “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “Theyre learning to do traditional dances. The

22、y arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.” (2018全國卷）A. So why do we dance?B. Dance in the U. S. is everywhere.【解析】A。由空格后的“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. ”可知，跳舞可以讓原本情緒低落的他們變得開心，與A項（那么我們?yōu)槭裁刺?/p>

23、舞呢? ）構(gòu)成一種因果關(guān)系，故選A項符合語境。 【全國卷類】課 時 3（二）全國卷類技巧1 根據(jù)標(biāo)點歸納備選項技巧2 根據(jù)原文語境選答案技巧1 根據(jù)標(biāo)點歸納備選項 從2015年的高考真題來看，全國卷類的七選五閱讀理解題與全國卷類的七選五閱讀理解題的做題技巧相似，唯一不同的是，全國卷類的七選五閱讀理解題可以通過空格后的標(biāo)點符號來判斷選項，這一技巧是做好此類七選五閱讀理解題的捷徑?！菊骖}鏈接】 Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage

24、 color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? _36_, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there

25、 have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _37_, they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.BA _38_.

26、 Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeab

27、le. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. _39_. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floo

28、rs. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _40_. （2018全國卷）A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking forC. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE. Its not r

29、eally a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major waysDGF 我們通過分析上面七個選項可以得出以下信息點，從而歸納備選項： A、B、C項是從句，空格后面一定是逗號，故歸入逗號類；D、E、F、G項是句子，空格后面一定是句號，故歸入句號類。再根

30、據(jù)各空格后的標(biāo)點可知，36、37小題是逗號，故它們的備選項是A、B、C項；38、39、40小題是句號，故它們的備選項是D、E、F、G?！窘馕觥?36. B?？涨暗娜齻€問句是問讀者想要尋找什么樣的房間設(shè)計，結(jié)合空后的color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel可知，不管你想讓你的房間怎樣，顏色是關(guān)鍵。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。 37. A。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques, 且與A項中的all of them相呼應(yīng)，代入A項“盡管它們都很有用”，符合語境，故為答案。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。

31、38. D。上一段最后提到the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones, 再結(jié)合最后兩段首句中的medium color choices和the large color decisions可判斷，本段介紹small color choices, 故選D項。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落主題句類。 39. G。根據(jù)空后的require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space可知，這里講述兩

32、個方面，這與G項中的in two major ways相照應(yīng)。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。 40. F。根據(jù)空前的the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant可知，大型物品的顏色選擇所需要的時間、精力、費用很大，這恰與F項構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。技巧2 根據(jù)原文語境選答案 以上述例題為例，接下來，我們需要根據(jù)原文語境，將36、37小題的答案從A、B、C三個選項中挑出，將38、39、40小題的答案從D、E、F、G四個選項中挑出，選擇符合原文邏輯意義和語境的選項。 根據(jù)上述技巧的分析，此閱讀題從七選

33、五變成了三選二和四選三，大大降低了題目難度。即使有些考生不能做好這道題或沒時間做這道題，也可按照這樣的技巧提高正確率，比投骰子蒙選項等的正確率高得多?！菊骖}鏈接】A garden thats just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum (總和） of its parts? _16_. But it doesnt happen by ac

34、cident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. _17_ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardenin

35、g methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers（肥料）. _18_. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.FAERecall(回憶) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and