OracleASM常用知識小結(jié)解讀課件

1、首頁ASM常用知識小結(jié)第1頁，共48頁。內(nèi)容提綱什么是ASMASM DISKGROUP （磁盤組、磁盤、目錄、別名、文件）通過ASMCMD工具管理ASM文件系統(tǒng)模擬ASM磁盤11g R2 Grid Infrastructure遷移數(shù)據(jù)庫到ASMASM趨勢第2頁，共48頁。ASM(Automatic Storage Management) Oracle 10g引入的新的存儲概念可以自動管理磁盤,并提供數(shù)據(jù)冗余和優(yōu)化Operating SystemDataBaseASMVolumeManagerFileSystemApplication什么是ASM第3頁，共48頁。DatabaseTablespa

2、ceSegmentExtentOracleblockData filePhysicalBlockASMDisk GroupASM DiskASM FileAllocation UnitFile SystemFileorRaw DeviceASM 概念第4頁，共48頁。Oracle數(shù)據(jù)文件放置所遇到的問題 數(shù)據(jù)庫有1000以上的數(shù)據(jù)文件時當(dāng)有大量數(shù)據(jù)文件時命名就變得很困難了特性和文件系統(tǒng)限制隨操作系統(tǒng)的不同而不同對于歸檔日志和備份，操作系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商不提供共享磁盤文件系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)與Oracle緊密集成，并與集群一起使用(并行服務(wù)器) 自動使用新的存儲，作為磁盤單元或磁盤組來管理 支持成千上萬的磁盤 簡化

3、命名誰需要如果你想從你現(xiàn)有的磁盤子系統(tǒng)中獲得更高的性能如果你正在使用RAC 為什么使用ASM第5頁，共48頁。繁瑣的規(guī)劃物理卷組，邏輯卷，一旦規(guī)劃完成很難調(diào)整pvcreate /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sddvgcreate vgdata01 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sddlvcreate -i 4 -I 128 -L 10240M -n lvdata001 vgdata01;lvcreate -i 4 -I 128 -L 10240M -n lvdata002 vgdata01;lvcreate -i 4 -I 1

4、28 -L 10240M -n lvdata003 vgdata01;lvcreate -i 4 -I 128 -L 10240M -n lvdata004 vgdata01;lvcreate -i 4 -I 128 -L 10240M -n lvdata005 vgdata01;.lvcreate -i 4 -I 128 -L 10240M -n lvdata200 vgdata01;create tablespace data01 datafile /dev/vgdata_01/lvdata001 size 10200M .;Alter tablespace data01 add data

5、file .;傳統(tǒng)的卷管理模式第6頁，共48頁。500g-1T30T-100T傳統(tǒng)的卷管理模式Lv0001Lv0002Lv0003Lv2001Lv0001Lv0002第7頁，共48頁。簡化了數(shù)據(jù)文件的管理，只需要告訴對應(yīng)的邏輯磁盤名稱，就可以簡單的創(chuàng)建表空間和添加數(shù)據(jù)文件CREATE DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK(感覺有點像操作系統(tǒng)vg哦)/dev/sda,/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd;create tablespace data01 datafile +DSKGRP1 size 10200M .;ASM管理模式第

6、8頁，共48頁。NODE1/arch1/arch2(nfs)NODE2/arch1(nfs)/arch2NODE1NODE2ARCHGROUPASM存儲歸檔日志第9頁，共48頁。備份歸檔日志mkdir -p /oracle/backuprman target / nocatalogchange archivelog all validate;run ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH01 TYPE DISK;sql ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT /o

7、racle/backup/archivelogs_%d_%u_%s_%T delete input;BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET CURRENT CONTROLFILE FORMAT /oracle/backup/controlfile_%d_%u_%s_%T;RELEASE CHANNEL CH01;ASM下歸檔日志備份第10頁，共48頁。參數(shù)文件$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora*.asm_diskgroups=DSKGRP1*.asm_diskstring=/oracle/oradata/asmdisk*.instance_ty

8、pe=asm*.asm_power_limit=1ASM Parameter第11頁，共48頁。啟動ASM實例，和啟動ORACLE實例類似，只是ORACLE_SID不一樣$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM$ sqlplus /nologSQL CONNECT / AS sysdbaConnected to an idle instance.SQL STARTUP;ASM instance startedTotal System Global Area 147936196 bytesFixed Size 324548 bytesVariable Size 96468992 byte

9、sDatabase Buffers 50331648 bytesRedo Buffers 811008 bytesASM diskgroups mountedASM Instance第12頁，共48頁。ASM實例對應(yīng)的一些后臺進程# ps -ef|grep asmgrid 23946 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASMgrid 23948 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:03 asm_vktm_+ASMgrid 23953 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_gen0_+ASMgrid 23956 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 a

10、sm_diag_+ASMgrid 23959 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASMgrid 23962 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:01 asm_dia0_+ASMgrid 23964 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASMgrid 23970 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASMgrid 23972 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASMgrid 23976 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASMgrid 23978 1 0 19:

11、43 ? 00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASMgrid 23981 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASMgrid 23984 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASMgrid 23986 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_mmon_+ASMgrid 23990 1 0 19:43 ? 00:00:00 asm_mmnl_+ASMASM Instance第13頁，共48頁。Disk Group DGSYSASMInstanceDisk Group DGDATA01Disk Group DGINDEX01ASM D

12、ISKGROUP第14頁，共48頁。$dbca10g,11g在dbca創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時管理ASM不同10g使用dbca管理asm11g r2使用asmcaDBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫第15頁，共48頁。$dbcaDBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫第16頁，共48頁。每個對應(yīng)的磁盤組中可以有不同數(shù)量的磁盤個數(shù)DGSYSDGDATA01DGINDEX011ASM DISK第17頁，共48頁。Mirror at extent levelExternal redundancy:Defers to hardware mirroringNormal redundancy:(RAID 1?) Two-way mirroringAt le

13、ast two failure groupsHigh redundancy: (RAID 5?)Three-way mirroringAt least three failure groupsDisk Group Mirroring第18頁，共48頁。Controller 1Controller 2Failure group 1Failure group 2Disk group AController 3Failure group 317131713171317131713171317131713171323456ASM Failure Group第19頁，共48頁。方便區(qū)分磁盤，在前期規(guī)劃給

14、每個磁盤起個別名ln -s /dev/sdc /oracle/oradata/asmdisk01ln -s /dev/sdd /oracle/oradata/asmdisk02ln -s /dev/sde /oracle/oradata/asmdisk03ln -s /dev/sdf /oracle/oradata/asmdisk04ln -s /dev/sdg /oracle/oradata/asmdisk05ln -s /dev/sdh /oracle/oradata/asmdisk06ln -s /dev/sdi /oracle/oradata/asmdisk07ln -s /dev/s

15、dj /oracle/oradata/asmdisk08ln -s /dev/sdk /oracle/oradata/asmdisk09ln -s /dev/sdl /oracle/oradata/asmdisk10Create DiskGroup第20頁，共48頁。$asmca在11g r2中使用Asmca對ASM實例磁盤組等進行管理Create DiskGroup第21頁，共48頁。$export ORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus “/ as sysdba” or (sqlplus “/ as sysasm”針對11g r2對權(quán)限做了加強，需要使用sysasm權(quán)限創(chuàng)建磁盤組)

16、(Two-way mirroring)SQL CREATE DISKGROUP DSKGRP2 NORMAL REDUNDANCY FAILGROUP controller1 DISK /oracle/oradata/asmdisk04, /oracle/oradata/asmdisk05 FAILGROUP controller2 DISK /oracle/oradata/asmdisk06, /oracle/oradata/asmdisk07;Create DiskGroup第22頁，共48頁。$export ORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL d

17、rop diskgroup DSKGRP2 including contents;Drop DiskGroup第23頁，共48頁。*. asm_power_limit = 1asm_power_limit參數(shù)可以設(shè)置為0-11，如果設(shè)置為0，那么ASM自動重新分布數(shù)據(jù)功能會被關(guān)閉。SQL alter system set asm_power_limit = 0;SQL show parameter asm_power_limitNAME TYPE VALUE- - -asm_power_limit integer 0手工分布數(shù)據(jù)SQL ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 REBAL

18、ANCE POWER 2 WAIT;查看數(shù)據(jù)分布需要多長時間SQLselect operation,est_minutes from v$asm_operation;Disk Group Dynamic Rebalancing第24頁，共48頁。添加磁盤自動平衡數(shù)據(jù)$export ORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD DISK /oracle/oradata/asmdisk04;Add DiskDSKGRP1DSKGRP1DSKGRP1第25頁，共48頁。SQL ALTER DISKGROUP DS

19、KGRP1 ADD DISK /oracle/oradata/asmdisk04;Add Disk第26頁，共48頁。SQL ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 DROP DISK DSKGRP1_0003;Drop Disk第27頁，共48頁。調(diào)整磁盤組或者磁盤的大小ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 RESIZE DISK diska1 SIZE 10G;手動平衡數(shù)據(jù)ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 REBALANCE POWER 5;檢查磁盤設(shè)備一致性ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 CHECK ALL;Admin Diskgroup第

20、28頁，共48頁。撤銷DROPSQLALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 DROP DISK DSKGRP1_0003;SQLALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 UNDROP DISKS;Admin Diskgroup第29頁，共48頁。Database FileCREATE TABLESPACE sample DATAFILE +DSKGRP1;12341234Automatic ASM fileCreationRMANASM Files第30頁，共48頁。SQL select name,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroup from v$as

21、m_disk; NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB FAILGROUP - - - - -DSKGRP1_0001 /oracle/oradata/asmdisk02 1024 976 CONTROLLER1 DSKGRP1_0000 /oracle/oradata/asmdisk01 1024 977 CONTROLLER1 . CREATE TABLESPACE sample DATAFILE +DSKGRP1 SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M SEGMENT SPACE MA

22、NAGEMENT AUTOALTER TABLESPACE sample ADD DATAFILE +DSKGRP1 SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF;ALTER TABLESPACE sample ADD DATAFILE +DSKGRP1 SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF;ALTER TABLESPACE sample ADD DATAFILE +DSKGRP1 SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF;ALTER TABLESPACE sample ADD DATAFILE +DSKGRP1 SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF;ASM

23、 Files第31頁，共48頁。SQL select file_id,file_name from dba_data_files; FILE_ID FILE_NAME - - 6 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.684762879 7 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.684763875 8 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.684763905 9 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.259.684763935 10 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sa

24、mple.260.684763961SQL select name,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroup from v$asm_disk; NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB FAILGROUP - - - - -DSKGRP1_0001 /oracle/oradata/asmdisk02 1024 720 CONTROLLER1 DSKGRP1_0000 /oracle/oradata/asmdisk01 1024 722 CONTROLLER1 ASM Files第32頁，共48頁。$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM SQL ALT

25、ER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD DIRECTORY +DSKGRP1/tablespace/;SQL ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD DIRECTORY+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/;ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD ALIAS +DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample001.dbf FOR +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.684762879;ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD ALIAS +DSKGRP1/tablespac

26、e/sample/sample002.dbf FOR +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.684763875;ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD ALIAS +DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample003.dbf FOR +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.684763905;ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD ALIAS +DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample004.dbf FOR +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/samp

27、le.259.684763935;ALTER DISKGROUP DSKGRP1 ADD ALIAS +DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample005.dbf FOR +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.260.684763961;創(chuàng)建目錄/別名第33頁，共48頁。文件Drop file using an alias.ALTER DISKGROUP disk_group_1 DROP FILE +disk_group_1/my_dir/my_file.dbf;Drop file using a numeric form filename.ALTE

28、R DISKGROUP disk_group_1 DROP FILE +disk_group_1.342.3;Drop file using a fully qualified filename.ALTER DISKGROUP disk_group_1 DROP FILE +disk_group_1/mydb/datafile/my_ts.342.3;文件第34頁，共48頁。Storage systemV$ASM_DISKGROUPV$ASM_CLIENTV$ASM_DISKV$ASM_FILEV$ASM_TEMPLATEV$ASM_ALIASV$ASM_OPERATIONDisk group

29、 ADisk group BASM View第35頁，共48頁。10g release 1管理ASM只能通過SQL語句10g release 2命令行工具 ASMCMD，它使我們可以更為方便地瀏覽和管理ASM磁盤組中的文件和目錄。它可以列出磁盤組的內(nèi)容，執(zhí)行搜索，創(chuàng)建或刪除目錄及別名，顯示空間利用率等for FTP type the url :- ftp:/:2100/for HTTP type the url :- http:/:8080/References:Note 243554.1 Note 357714.1通過ASMCMD工具管理ASM第36頁，共48頁。11g release 1比

30、較實用的copy命令，11g以前只能考慮使用RMAN將ASM管理的文件copy到一般的文件系統(tǒng)cp +DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/sample.256.629730771 /home/oracle/sample001.dbf將某個數(shù)據(jù)文件直接copy到ASM管理的磁盤中cp /home/oracle/sample002.dbf +DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/可以實現(xiàn)遠程copyASMCMD cp -ifr +DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl.ora sysserver1.1521.+ASM:+DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl1.oraEnter pa

31、ssword: *ASMCMD第37頁，共48頁。運行asmcmd$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1$ asmcmdASMCMD lsdg使用asmcmd命令必須先啟動asm實例，不然會有以下報錯：rac1- asmcmd pORA-01034: ORACLE not availableORA-27101: shared memory realm does not existLinux Error: 2: No such file or directory (DBD ERROR: OCISessionBegin)使用asmcmd必須先指定ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_S

32、ID，注意此處ORACLE_SID是asm的sid，不然會報錯：rac1- asmcmd pORA-01034: ORACLE not availableORA-27101: shared memory realm does not existLinux Error: 2: No such file or directory (DBD ERROR:OCISessionBegin)ASMCMD第38頁，共48頁。交互模式運行在操作系統(tǒng)命令提示符下輸入asmcmd，會得到ASMCMD提示符，可以輸入相關(guān)的命令，如果使用-p選項，將在ASMCMD提示符中包含當(dāng)前路徑，如下：$exportORACLE

33、_SID=+hisasm1 $asmcmd-p 非交互模式運行命令格式為：asmcmd command arguments，如下：$asmcmdls-l 非交互模式運行，監(jiān)測diskgroup使用情況，特別象數(shù)據(jù)庫歸檔使用ASM存儲，可以生成文件，加入自動監(jiān)控。 ASMCMD第39頁，共48頁。部分常用的ASMCMD命令列表 du顯示指定的ASM目錄下ASM文件占用的所有磁盤空間 ls列出ASM目錄下的內(nèi)容及其屬性 lsct列出當(dāng)前ASM客戶端的信息 lsdg列出所有磁盤組及其屬性 mkalias為系統(tǒng)生成的文件名創(chuàng)建別名 其他相關(guān)參數(shù)，可使用help查看 Type help command

34、to get help on a specific ASMCMD mands: - cd du find help ls lsct lsdg mkalias mkdir pwd rm rmaliasASMCMD第40頁，共48頁。Oracle 11g release 2版本和以前的版本在ASM使用上有所區(qū)別，針對ASM需要單獨安裝GRID INFRASTRUCTURE軟件$./runInstaller11g R2 Grid Infrastructure 第41頁，共48頁。注意運行完root.sh后的一些提示#sh root.shTo configure Grid Infrastructure

35、 for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user: /grid/perl/bin/perl -I/grid/perl/lib -I/grid/crs/install /grid/crs/install/roothas.plTo configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster perform the following steps: 1. Provide values for Grid Infrastructure configuration parameters in

36、 the file - /grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params. For details on how to do this, see the installation guide. 2. Run the following command as the root user: /grid/perl/bin/perl -I/grid/perl/lib -I/grid/crs/install /grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl To update inventory properties for Grid Infrastructure, perf

37、orm the following steps. If a pre-11.2 home is already configured, execute the following: 11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silent -local CRS=false ORACLE_HOME=pre-11.2_Home Always execute the following to register the current home: 11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silen

38、t -local CRS=true ORACLE_HOME=11.2_Home. If either home is shared, provide the additional argument -cfs.11g R2 Grid Infrastructure 第42頁，共48頁。遷移數(shù)據(jù)庫到ASMDSKGRP1SYSTEM.dbfSYSAUX.dbfUSERS.dbfTOOLS.dbf第43頁，共48頁。遷移數(shù)據(jù)庫到ASMrman run allocate channel dev1 type disk;allocate channel dev2 type disk;allocate channel dev3