《水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水質(zhì)調(diào)控》教學(xué)課件

1、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水質(zhì)調(diào)控 1.6 Water quality control of aquaculture第1頁，共23頁。1.6.1 Main factors affecting water qualityChemistry: 工業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)，人為活動Biology: D.O，PH第2頁，共23頁。1.6.2Methos of water quality control養(yǎng)殖水體水質(zhì)調(diào)控方法1.6.2.1Chemical controlUse chemicals to control PH and toxic (有毒）gas.第3頁，共23頁。1.6.2.2 Physical control 1.Impr

2、ove bottom layer quality改善底質(zhì) 2.Water resource treatment水源處理 3.Water exchange or refill更換或補充新水第4頁，共23頁。1.6.2.3 Biological control生物控制1、Increse useful zoonplankton through artificial culture.2、Microecologics微生態(tài)制劑3、Photosynthetic bacteria光合細菌4、Higher aquatic plants水生植物第5頁，共23頁。第6頁，共23頁。第7頁，共23頁。1.6.3 B

3、iological control of water quality養(yǎng)殖水體水質(zhì)生物調(diào)控措施1.6.3.1 Obsercation of color and transparency水色和透明度觀察“看水” The fisherman observe the pond water mainly about漁民看水主要依據(jù) 1. water color (water expression)水色(水華)第8頁，共23頁。（1）The relationship between water color and plant plankton （Table1-1） Pigment ColorAlgaech

4、lorophyll greengreen algae, euglena yellow pigment yellow, yellow-brown diatom, golden algae, dinoflagellate, Cryptomanasphycobilin leucocyan blue, blue-green blue algae rhodophyll purpleblue algae第9頁，共23頁。（2）Water color (water expression) in rich water肥水“水華”類型 The phenomenon that the water shows ev

5、ident color owing to the mass propagation of plant plankton is call water expression. It can be divided into the follow types according to its apperance （Table1-2）:第10頁，共23頁。Type of water expression Water appearance The composition of algae Water evaluation solution non-flagellate even and stable st

6、able water cloudiness flagellate light-and shade good water but with the danger of going bad membranaceous blue algae with simulated vacuole covered the water surface Good and bad are all possible 第11頁，共23頁。（3）Judge the water quality by its color and expression （Table1-3）根據(jù)水色、水華類型判斷水質(zhì)water quality g

7、rade water color water expression type good water brown, yellow-brown, green-brown cloudiness, solution-like bad water blue、purple membranaceous common water green solution-like 第12頁，共23頁。2. transparency透明度 （1）Water transparency and the phytoplankton透明度與浮游植物的關(guān)系（2）Water transparency and the water fer

8、tility透明度與水體肥度（Table1-4） 第13頁，共23頁。Water fertility transparency plant plankton amount water color High unfertile wate 100 5 no color Unfertile water 100-50 5-10 a little colorFertile water 50(40)-20 10(20)-100 tinted High fertile water 20-10 100-200 rich color Used out water 200 very rich color 第14頁

9、，共23頁。3. Observation of water nutrition水體肥瘦與水質(zhì)判別Iii Water fertility and the water quality: fertilized, circulating, fresh, cleanThe meaing of fertilized, circulating, fresh and clean in biology肥、活、嫩、爽第15頁，共23頁。The good water in fishermans eye is high summarize as the four words. This is much more co

10、mprehensive than only judge the water by its color.However, there actually has an concept of biological meaning of the four words. Its quite essential to make this clear by test the species and quantity of the plant plankton.（1）Fertility. The concept of fertile water is not unified now. some accordi

11、ng to the nutritive saltsand and dissolved organic matter quantity, some according to the amount of plankton.But in a fishermans eye, the sign of fertile water is the rich color of it, which means the quantity of plant plankton.(2) circulating means there are changes of water color and transparency(

12、3) fresh means the water is fertilize and vigorous.(4) clean the premise is fresh, which means the plant plankton is growing, and the same time there is few other suspendedsolids like mud in the water. 第16頁，共23頁。we can see the biological standard of the water for fish cultivation in a fishermans eye

13、: A.The quantity of plant plankton should be 20-100 milligram per liter.浮游植物量20100毫克/升 B.Many Flagellatae, few small-size blue algae.鞭毛藻類較多，小型藍藻較少 C.The algae community in a growing period and no senescence of the cell.藻類種群處于增長期，細胞未老化 D.Not too much suspended substance except plankton.浮游生物以外的其它懸浮物不過

14、多第17頁，共23頁。1.6.3.2 Regulation of Water Fertility水體肥度調(diào)控 The fertility of breeding water mainly depends on the quantity of phytoplankton; more phytoplankton means fertile,while less phytoplankton means poor. So the water named differently accordingly as fertile water, poor water, old water, and even g

15、ood water (in terms of quality) . The regulation of water fertility for increasing species yield just obey the ground rules as follows. 第18頁，共23頁。1.Making poor water become fertile廋水變肥 Reasons for being poor:(1) lack of nutritional salt; (2)phytoplankton has been intaken by zoonplankton. Water contr

16、ol: Add fertilizer(Organic or non-organic) or nutritional salt (nitrogen and phosphorus)第19頁，共23頁。2.Not letting fertile water become old肥水不老 In old water phytoplankton over multiply. And the water is lack of nutritive salt and light so photosynthesis cannot work properly. Old water is the water in w

17、hich phytoplankton cell becomes old. Water control: At around 10 am of sunny day, use （1PPM）CuSO4 to kill green algae. At around 5 pm, drain half of the pond and refill with new water.第20頁，共23頁。3. Old becomes good老水轉(zhuǎn)好 Good water must be fertile water, which means that there are sufficient phytoplankton as primary producer to be eaten by raised animals and bait animals, in the meantime,