英語句子中成分課件

1、句子成分*句子由各個組成部分構(gòu)成,這些組成部分叫句子的成分。 總的來說，一個完整的句子包括以下兩部分：句子主語部分:發(fā)出動作的人或物謂語部分:動作/謂語動詞例:我開門. I open the door.主語部分謂語部分例:這本書非常有趣。 This book is very interesting.主語部分謂語部分句子 1.主語2.謂語 3.賓語4.表語5. 定語6.狀語7.補語8.同位語*但是具體來分，一個句子可分為以下各種成分：1.主語：主語是一個句子的主題，是句子所陳述的主體，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指動作的執(zhí)行者。例:那個學(xué)生問了老師一些問題.The student ask

2、ed the teacher some questions.例:今天的天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.2.謂語（predicate)：謂語一般是指主語的動作或狀態(tài)，由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)，位置一般放于主語后面。例:他工作非常努力.He works very hard.例:今天的天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.例:他在字典里查出了這個單詞. He looked up the word in the dictionary.3. 賓語（object)：賓語在句子中主要充當(dāng)動作的承受者，一般放于及物動詞之后。例:老師把燈

3、關(guān)了.The teacher turned off the lights.介賓例:他們將不會傷害我們.They wont hurt us.動賓例:他在上個星期放棄吸煙了. He gave up smoking last week.介賓動賓介賓4. 表語：表語主要用于表述主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動詞后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動詞例:我是一個老師.I am a teacher. 例:這種水果嘗起來味道很好. This kind of fruit tastes very delicious.1.be動詞(am, is, are, was, were)3.感官動詞(look, smell, h

4、ear, feel)+表語2.表狀態(tài)變化的動詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那個女孩變得非常擔(dān)心.The girl got worried. 5. 定語:(attribute)定語是用來說明名詞（代詞）的品質(zhì)與特征的詞，形容詞通常作定語。這是一節(jié)生動有趣的課This is a lively and interesting class.有一些難題要處理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定語后置定語. 狀語:(adverbial)狀語是修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分為時間，地點

5、，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨狀況等。表時間：yesterday, today, tomorrow Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?我們是今天還是明天出去買東西??？表地點：in China, at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看見一個學(xué)生表原因: because, as, for, since他因為生病所以今天沒有去上學(xué) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.表結(jié)果：to+do, v+ing, 從句那個

6、男孩從樹上掉下來了，頭撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose為了考入一個更好的學(xué)校，我必須更加努力In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .表條件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會取得好成績As long as you study hard, you can get a hig

7、h mark.表讓步: in spite of, despite, although, though他雖然不認(rèn)識我，但卻幫了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度: very, enough, to some extent那里的風(fēng)景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautiful.表方式: like that, as, as if不要那樣看我Dont look at me like that!表伴隨狀況：老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一本書The teacher came into the classroom, catchi

8、ng a book in his hand.with. 補語:(complement)補語主語補足語：賓語補足語：補充說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)補充說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)我又累又困，就去睡了。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書很有趣。I found that book interesting.主語補足語賓語補足語8. 同位語:(appositive)當(dāng)兩個同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語。我們有兩個孩子，一男一女We have two children, a boy and a girl.那人是我的老師，他從來都不騎自行車The man, my teacher, never rides a bike. Pop, a German volunteer, who works in the Olympics language service, said,“ I am looking forwa