英語語法：定語、狀語、補語

1、英語語法：定語、狀語、補語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，可分為前置定語和后置定語。一般由形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞（my、his、your、her等）、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、分詞或句子充當(dāng)。形容詞作定語The black bike is mine.那輛黑色的自行車是我的。She is a beautiful girl.她是一位漂亮的姑娘。The tall boy is Jimmy.那個高個的男生是Jimmy.形容詞性物主代詞作定語Whats your name,please?請問你叫什么名字？Whose picture is it?這是誰的畫？ This is my bag.這是我的包。數(shù)詞作定

2、語We have four lessons in the morning.我們上午上四節(jié)課。Hainan is the second largest island of China.海南是中國第二大海島。There are four apples on the table.桌子上有四個蘋果。介詞短語作定語Who is the woman with a baby in her arms?那位抱孩子的女人是誰？They stayed at the hotel opposite the station.他們住在車站對面的旅館。The house next to the post office is

3、my home.郵局旁邊的那座房子就是我家不定式短語作定語不定式不定式的基本形式：to+動詞原形。I have nothing to worry about.我沒什么好擔(dān)憂的。He gave me some books to read.他給我一些書看。注：不定式不能做謂語。不定式作定語Do you have anything more to say?你還有什么話要說嗎？There is nothing to worry about.沒什么好擔(dān)心的。I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作業(yè)要做。分詞作定語Barking dogs seldom bite.愛叫的狗

4、少咬人。Polluted air is harmful to peoples health.污染的空氣對健康有害。This is one of the houses built last year.這是去年建造的房子中的一座。句子作定語句子作定語即是定語從句She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.她找到了兩年前丟的項鏈。It happened at the time when I left the office.這事就發(fā)生在我離開辦公室之時。狀語狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等?？?/p>

5、作狀語的有：副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、形容詞、詞組、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句。副詞作狀語Speak politely.說話要有禮貌。It is very nice of you.你真好。Read loudly.大聲讀。介詞短語作狀語At present about 38% of the Chinese population smoke.目前中國大約有38%的人吸煙。To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him.使他吃驚的是，她不僅沒有表揚他反而批評了他。Ill be back in two hours. 我兩小時內(nèi)趕回來。不定

6、式作狀語To search for gold, many people went to California.為了找黃金，很多人到加利福尼亞去。They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.他們搬起石頭砸了自己的腳。The room is comfortable to live in.這房間住起來舒服。分詞短語作狀語Working in this way, they greatly cut the cost.用這種方法，他們大大地降低了成本。Compared to many women, she is indeed very fort

7、unate.和很多婦女相比，她的確很幸運。形容詞作狀語He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.他在風(fēng)雪中過了七天，又冷又餓。Tired and hungry, he arrived home.他到家了，又累又餓。Afraid of the dogs, she entered by the back door.由于怕狗，她從后門進去。此外，詞組、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句也可作狀語如： Ill stay here another five months.我將在這里再呆五個月。（詞組作狀語） He entered the room,

8、his nose red with cold.他走進房間，鼻子凍得通紅。（復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）He asked me to stay where I was.他要我留在原處。（從句作狀語）補語補語是一種補足主語和賓語意義的句子成分，補足主語意義的句子成分叫做主語補語，補足賓語意義的句子成分叫做賓語補語?？勺餮a語的詞語有形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語等。名詞作補語They named the child Jimmy.他們給孩子取名吉米。We call him Mr.Chen.我們叫他陳老師。The cat is named Kitty.那只小貓名叫Kitty.形容詞作補語He was found d

9、ead.他被發(fā)現(xiàn)死了。She boiled the egg hard.她把雞蛋煮老了。What you said makes me angry.你的話讓我生氣了。不定式作補語He was seen to go upstairs.有人看見他上樓了。Mary ask me to go with her.瑪麗叫我和她一起去。We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的。分詞作補語He came home quite sad.他回到家時好難過。I found the book very interesting.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書很有趣。We hear her singing in the garden.我們聽到她在花園里唱歌。介詞短語作補語He came home out of humour.他回到家時很不高興。Everything was in good condition.一切都好。Miss Liu came into the classroom with a book in hand.劉老師走進教室，