2021 年考研英語(一)真題及答案 2021 英語真題答案

1、2021年考研英語(一)真題及答案2021英語真題答案 2021年考研英語(一)真題Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health. Bu

2、t some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to, a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way

3、, saywalking or jogging does., instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently acplishes the, studies dating back to the 第1頁共32頁 1930 s indicate that laughter, muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help theeffects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of

4、 laughing probably does produce other types of feedback, that improve an individuaT s emotional state.one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions. Itwas argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they aresad but they bee sad when te tears b

5、egin to flow. Although sadness also tears, evidence suggests thatemotions can flow muscular responses. In anexperiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz.1. A amongB except C despite D like 2.A reflectB demand C indicate D produce 3.A stabilizingB boosting C impairing D determining 4. A tr

6、ansmitB sustain C evaluate D observe 5. A measurable 第2頁共32頁B manageable C affordable D renewable 6. A Inevery week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small

7、part of us hoped getting “ the 第18頁共32頁Rachel ” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 36. JenniferSenior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring A temporary delight B enjoyment in progress C happiness in retrospect D lasting reward 37. We learn from Paragraph2 th

8、at A celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. B singlemothers with babies deserve greater attention. C news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining. D having children is highly valued by the public. 38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks A are constantly exposed to criti

9、cism. B are largely ignored by the media. C fail to fulfill their social responsibilities. D are less likely to be satisfied with their life. 39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is A soothing. B ambiguous.C pensatory. D misleading. 第19頁共32頁40. Which of the follo

10、wing can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms. B Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing. C Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life. D We sometimes neglect the happiness from child reari

11、ng. PartB Directions: The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. ForQuestions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers o

12、n ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) A No disciplines have seized onprofessionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. Youcan, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But第20頁共32頁the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine y

13、ears. Notsurprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style:22% of American college graduates now major in busi

14、ness pared with only2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a general education ” should look like. AtH

15、arvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read ” -they form a sort of social glue. CEqually unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. Thereare simply too few posts. This第21頁共32頁is partly because universities con

16、tinue to produce ever more PhDs. Butfewer students want to study humanities subjects:English departments awarded more bachelor s degrees in 1970-71 than they did20 years later. Fewerstudents requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the pro

17、fession to do something for which they have not been trained. DOne reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schoo

18、ls. Many students experience both varieties. Althoughmore than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. E 第22頁共32頁Besides professionalizing the prof

19、essions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professio

20、nalismhas turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as1969a third of American professors did not possess one.Butthe key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular special

21、ization are transmissible but not transferable. So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. F The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of 第23頁共3

22、2頁 knowledge are produced. Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to bee less exclusionary and more holistic. Yet quite how that happens,

23、Mr Menand dose not say. G The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening i

24、n American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully. G f 41. f 42.E f43. 44.一45.Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written carefully on ANS

25、WER SHEET第24頁共32頁 2. (10points) With its theme that “ Mind is the master weaver, “ creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of selfhelp writing. (46)Allen s contribution was to take an assumption we

26、 all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Becausemost of us believe that mind is separate from matter; we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed

27、that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ” Since desire and will

28、are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : We do not attract what we want, but what we are. Achievement happens because you as a 第25頁共32頁person embody the external achievement; you don t “ get ” success but bee it. Thereis no gap between mind and matter

29、. Partof the fame of Allen s book is its contention thatu Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him. ” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. Thi

30、s,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Eachset of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. Infat, (49) circumstances seem to be designed

31、to bringout the best in us and if we feel that we have beenu wronged then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation . Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person s early life and its 第26頁共32頁conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. Thesobering aspec

32、t of Allen s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we bee authorities of what is possible. SectionIII Wr

33、iting Part A 51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours toremend one of your favorite movies andgive reasons for your remendation Your should write about100 words on ANSWER SHEET2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead. Donot writer the address. (10 points)

34、Part BDirections:Write an essay of160200 words based on the following drawing. In第27頁共32頁your essay, you shoulddescribe the drawing briefly,explain it s intended meaning, and 3) give your merits. Yourshould write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)2021年考研英語(一)真題參考答案無恒戀花發(fā)表于2021- 01-16182次閱讀1-5, ACDB

35、A 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC 41-45 BDCAE 翻 譯：46、艾倫的貢獻在于提供了我們能分擔和揭示錯誤性質(zhì)的假 設(shè)-因為我們不是機器人，因此我們能夠控制我們的理想。 47、我們可以單獨通過意識維持控制的感覺，但實際上我們 一直面臨著一個問題，為什么我不能完成這事情或那事情。 48、這似乎可能為必要時的忽視正名，也能合理說明剝削， 以及在頂層的人的優(yōu)越感及處于后層人們的劣勢感。 第28頁共32頁49、環(huán)境似乎是為了挑選出我們的強者，而且如果我們感覺 受了委屈

36、，那么我們就不可能有意識的做出努力逃離我們原來的 處境。50、正面在于我們處于這樣的位置，知道所有事情都取決與 我們自己，之前我們對著一系列的限制，而現(xiàn)在我們成了權(quán)威。 51.Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to 1) remend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your remendation. You should write about100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at th

37、e end of the letter. Use Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (lOpoints)小作文范文： Dear friends: Recently a lot of new movies, you concern? I recently saw a movie is especially suitable for you. Its name is u If You Are The One First of all it has very powerful cast. Storylineis very tight. Chara

38、cters7 language is classic and thought-provoking. But,I most like it because it s morals. Dear 第29頁共32頁 friends, do you to love the understanding of what? Love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? I think in this movie can be reflected. Perhaps now we still canf t clear love, but love is alr

39、eady brimming with our lives, is a part of life. I want to watch the movie, we can understand a lot. Dear friends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how you feel. Miss you! 52、 Direction Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing . In your essay, you should

40、describe the drawing brieflyexplain its intended measing and 3) give your merits You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20points) 大作文范文：Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man s present efforts can not prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more indus

41、try, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials. What 第30頁共32頁 can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man - by his desire for a modern way of life. We make increasing industrialization u our chief aim.So we are often ready to offer everyth

42、ing: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has bee a seri

43、ous problem. Isnz t it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going- and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker, I ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. T

44、he bad news is that we re lost and donf t know where we re going.The sad fact is that this bees a true story when speaking of our modern society. In 第31頁共32頁 my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the import

45、ance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We shoul

46、d let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves第32頁共32頁turn B In fact C In addition D In briefA oppositeimpossible C average D expected 8.A hardensweakens C tightens D relaxes 9. A aggravategenerate C moderate D enhanceA physicalmental C subconscious D internalA Excep

47、tfor B According to C Due to D As forA withB on C in D atA unlessB until C if D becauseA exhaustsfollows C precedes D suppressesA intofrom C towards D beyondA fetchbite C pick D holdA disappointedexcited C joyful D indifferent第3頁共32頁A adaptedcatered C turned D reactedA suggestingrequiring C mentioni

48、ng D supposingA Eventually B Consequently C SimilarlyD Conversely Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points) Text1 The decision of the New York Philharmo

49、nic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2021. Forthe most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. Hooray!At last! ” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-mus

50、ic critic. One第4頁共32頁of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is paratively little known. EvenTommasini, who had advocated Gilbert, s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. As a des

51、cription of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be s

52、ure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting positions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. AllI have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my puter and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted

53、 concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For 第5頁共32頁 the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must pete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater panies, and museums, but also with the re

54、corded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today, s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed ” at a time and place of the listener, s choosing. The widesprea

55、d availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert s own interest in new music has been widely noted:

56、 Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into ”a markedly different, more vibrant organization. But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra s repertoire will not be enough. If第6頁共32頁Gilbert and the

57、Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract. 21.We learn from Para. 1 that Gilbert s appointment has A incurred criticism. B raised suspicion. C received acclaim. D aroused curiosity. 22.Tommasini reg

58、ards Gilbert as an artist who is A influential. B modest.C respectable. D talented. 23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers A ignore the expenses of live performances. B reject most kinds of recorded performances. C exaggerate the variety of live performances. D overestimate the value

59、of live performances. 24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? A They are often inferior to live concerts in quality. B They are easily accessible to the general public. C They 第7頁共32頁 help improve the quality of music. D They have only covered masterpieces. 25.Regardi

60、ng Gilbert s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels A doubtful. B enthusiastic.C confident. D puzzled. Text2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he