英文參考文獻引用格式

1、-. z.英文參考文獻引用格式英文文獻與中文文獻的引用格式有所不同，最常用的是MLA和APA兩種。從出版日期所放的位置來看，中文文獻的引用格式更靠近MLA.Available: ./dept/llc/writecenter/web/mla.html, 2 Oct 2002.MLA STYLEby Marilyn Morgan, Beth Britt, Jim Oldham, Lisa Palmer, and Maureen Murphy Introduction The Modern Language Association (MLA) publishes a style man

2、ual used primarily by scholars in literature and the humanities. The most recent edition is MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 4th Edition, by Joseph Gibaldi, Modern Language Association of America, 1995. For more plete information on MLA documentation, please consult this manual. Copies a

3、re available at the WritingCenter, in the Rensselaer Library, and for purchase in the Rensselaer Bookstore. Sources are acknowledged in two locations in your document: a Works Cited page and In-Te*t Citations. The Works Cited PageAll sources you use must be listed alphabetically at the end of your d

4、ocument on a page titled Works Cited, which is centered on the page at the top of the document. The listing begins two lines down from this title; each citation is single spaced, but a double space is used to separated citations, thus: Works Cited Authors last name, first name and middle name or ini

5、tial (if any). Book Title (underlined or italicized). City of publication: Publishers, Date ofpublication. Ne*t authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). BookTitle (underlined or italicized). City of publication: Publishers, Date of publication. The citations are not numbere

6、d. Each citation begins with a hanging indent, which means that the second and following lines of each entry are indented five spaces under the first. Materials from different kinds of sources, such as journal articles, books and the Internet, are cited in slightly different ways. E*amples: Citing a

7、 Book Format: Authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). Book Title (underlined or italicized). City of publication: Publishers, Date of publication. E*ample: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Loose Canons: Notes on the Culture Wars. Oxford UP, 1992. Citing a Journal Article Format: Au

8、thors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). Title of the article in quotation marks. Name of the Journal (underlined or italicized), Volume number, (Year): page numbers for the entire article. E*ample: Williams, Joan G. Accelerated Fault Simulation: A Deductive Approach. Circuit

9、s Quarterly, 9 (1992): 212-220. Citing the Internet Format: Authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). Descriptor or Title of article in quotations marks. Internet. (Date the article was posted, if given.)Available: Internet address. Date you accessed the material. E*ample: H

10、oneycutt, Lee. munication and Design Course Web Site. Internet. (1997) Available: /mdesign/class1.html, Jan. 1998. Citing a Chapter Format: Authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any). Title of the chapter in quotation marks. In Book Title (underlined or italicized).

11、 First, middle and last name of the editor, Ed.City of publication: Publishers, Date of publication, pages on which the chapter appears. E*ample: Fraser, Kathleen. The Tradition of Marginality. In Where We Stand: Women Poets on Literary Tradition. Sharon Bryan, Ed.NY: W.W. Norton, 1993, 52-65. Citin

12、g a Book with more than one author Format: First authors last name, first name and middle name or initial (if any) and second authors first, middle, and last name. Book Title (underlined or italicized). City of publication: Publishers, Date of publication. E*ample: Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar

13、. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Imagination. New Haven: Yale UP, 1979. In-te*t CitationsAny material in your document which derives from other sources whether by direct quotation, paraphrase, or inspiration must be attributed immediately and the sources named

14、 either by direct reference or by parenthetical citation. Direct ReferenceIf it can be smoothly done, sources may be cited directly in your te*t. E*amples: In a stunning scene on page 27, Bronte reveals the source of Heathcliffs inner torment: in an uncontrollable passion of tears , e in! e in! he s

15、obbed. Cathy do e. According to Henry Louis Gates, r ace is the ultimate trope of difference (49). Any information not given directly in the te*t, must be cited parenthetically (within parentheses). Parenthetical Citation A parenthetical citation must include (if not already given) the first word of

16、 the listing of the source on the works-cited page (most usually the authors last name) and, in the case of paraphrase or quotation, the number of the page on which the material originally appeared. E*ample: To at least one American scholar, r ace is the ultimate trope of difference (Gates 49). In a

17、 parenthetical citation, no punctuation separates the naming of the source ant the page number. The title of the work cited need not be named unless you are using two different works by the same author, in which case you would then, in addition to the author, indicate the first word of the title of

18、the specific reference you are making: E*ample: (Gates, Loose 49). A page number need not be used if you have used an idea more generally contained within the source material, but which you have neither quoted nor paraphrased. E*ample: The word race has been used to reduce people to socially constructed categories (Gates).The period follows the parenthesis unless you are using a block quotation. Block Quotation If the quotation you are using consists of more