警官學(xué)院輔導(dǎo)材料

1、第一部分應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)一.關(guān)于四級(jí)考試題型的構(gòu)成1,聽力理解2閱讀理解3.完形填空4.寫作和翻譯聽力理解部分分值比例為35%,其中聽力對(duì)話15%,聽力短文20%閱讀理解部分分值為35%，其中仔細(xì)閱讀25%,快速閱讀部分10%完形填空或改錯(cuò)部分比例為10%寫作和翻譯部分分值比例為20%總分為710分，聽力249，閱讀249，完形或改錯(cuò)70,作文142.答題時(shí)間為125分鐘。第二部分寫作策略四級(jí)寫作的體裁包括說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。寫作的素材可以是中文，英文和圖表。一.文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)TopicSentenceJExplanationJReasonEvideneeExampleExperimentJCom

2、ment大學(xué)英語四級(jí)寫作通常采用三段論模式，即：開頭段，主題段和結(jié)尾二.寫作實(shí)例分析(一)說明文(1)說明文一般用于解釋和分析社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)問題。Paragraph1phenomenonParagraph2reasonsParagraph3suggestionsorsolutionsDrugabuseamongyoungpeoplehasbecomemoreandmoreprevalentoverrecentyears.Statisticsshowthatthenumberofyouthdrugusersalmostdoublesinthepastthreeyears.Itisvitaltoa

3、nalyzewhydrugsaresoattractivetoyoungpeopleandwhatcanbedonetocombatit.Firstly,teenagersareunderincreasingpressurhismaybepeerorpressuretosucceedforexample.Drugusemayhelpthemescapereality,forgettheirproblems,orsimplyfeelmoreacceptedbytheirfriends.Inaddition,throughthemediaweareexposedtoinformationthatg

4、lamorizesdruguseandmakesitlookattractive,particularlytoyoungpeople.Furthermore,teenagersareusuallynaturallycuriousaboutdrug,anddrugdealerscantakeadvantageofthiscuriosityfortheirownprofit.Highfinesandprisonsentencesshouldalsobeimposedondrugdealersandusers.However,itismyownpersonalviewthatpreventionis

5、betterthancureandsoagoodeducationprogrammedaboutthedangersofdrugabuseisoneofthemostimportantstepsanygovernmentshouldtake.說明文（2）比較性說明文用于比較兩種或幾種類似的事物，要求考生通過比較它們各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)或缺點(diǎn)，說明自己的看法，并加以論證。Paragraph1phenomenonParagraph2advantagesParagraph3disadvantagesParagraph4commentsAmobilephoneisgettingincreasinglypopul

6、ar.Statisticsshowthateightoutoftencollegestudentshavegotone.However,asisthecasewithmanyissues,amobilephonehasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.Onthepositiveside,amobilephoneallowscallstobemadeinstantlyfromalmostanylocation.Thiscanbevitalwhereemergencyservicesneedtobecalledtothesceneofacrime,accidentorf

7、ire,wherenopublictelephoneisnearby.Meanwhile,amobilephonecanserveasaconnectiontotheInternet,whichcanbeextremelyconvenientforobtaininginformationwhereveryoumaybe.Thefactthatamobilephoneallowsapersontobecontactedatanytimecanititselfbeadisadvantage.Forinstanee,anemployeemay,viathemobilephone,beconstant

8、lyavailabletothisemployerandfeelsthatheneverleaveswork.Thismaycausedistress.Anotherdisadvantageistheperceivedhealthrisksassociatedwithitsuse.Somepeoplebelievethatusingmobilephonesforlongperiodscandamagethebrain.Thereisnodenyingthatamobilephonehadbothbenefitsanddrawbacksbutonbalaneeperhapstheadvantag

9、esofamobilephoneoutweighitsdisadvantagessinceamobilehasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife.說明文（3）圖表寫作也屬于說明文的類型，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Paragraph1changeParagraph2reasonsorimplicationParagraph3conclusionTheperiod1995-2005witnessedarapidincreaseinthenumberofpeopleincityXtravelingabroad.Ascanbeseen,in1995,onlyabout10,000peop

10、leinthiscitywentoverseaswhilein1995thisnumberquicklyroseto40,000.In2005,howeverthenumberofoverseastravelersurgedtoover120,000,whichismorethan10timesasmanyasthatof1995.Thischangecanbeaccountedforbyacoupleoffactors.First,alongwithsocialandeconomyprogress,thelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasbeengreat

11、lyenhanced,sotheyhaveenoughmoneyandtimetotravelabroad.Meanwhile,moreandmorepeoplewanttoenjoythemselvesandbroadentheirvisionbyvisitingoverseashistoricalplacesandexperiencingexoticcultures.Overseastravelhasaprofoundeffectonbothindividualsandthesociety.Itcanwidenourpeopleshorizons,promotefriendshipande

12、nhanceculturalinteraction.Inthemeantime,itcanalsoboostoursocialeconomyandmakeoursocietymoreprosperousanddynamic.Itsgoodforournationprogress.議論文（1）第一種形式要求考生針對(duì)某一有爭(zhēng)議性的兩種觀點(diǎn)，來闡述自己的立場(chǎng)，或?qū)@一問題反映出的某一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行駁斥，提出自己的看法并加以論證。MyViewonDataCollectionDatacollectionisafactofmodernlife.Somearguethatdatacollectionisendan

13、geringtherightsofindividuals,thoughothersseeitasausefultoolwhichincreasesefficiency.Tobefrank,Ibelievedatacollectiondoesmoregoodthanharm.卩policerelyondatacollectioninordertooperateefficiently,andhospitalsusecomputerizedrecordstohelpintheirfightagainstdisease.Foranother,databasesstoredoncomputercanal

14、sobeveryefficient.Datawhichhasbeencollectednoneareacanbesentanywhereintheworldalmostinstantly.Thismeansthatthosehavelegitimateaccesstothisdatacanworkveryefficiently.Insummery,datacollectiononindividualscanbejustified,althoughallpossiblemeasuresshouldbetakentominimizetherisks.議論文(2)第二種形式要求考生針對(duì)某一有爭(zhēng)議性的

15、觀點(diǎn)，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，并提出自己的論證。Direction:itisveryimportantthatchildrenshouldstudyhardatschool.Timespentplayingsportistimewasted.Doyouagreeordisagree?Giveyourreasons?Wecouldarguethatchildrengotoschooltostudysothattheymaybecomefullyproductiveadultsandgoodcitizens.Weshouldaskwhetherplayingsporthelpschildrentobeco

16、mebetterpeople.Ifso,sportisnotawasteoftime.Itisgenerallybelievedthatstudentsneedmorethantheknowledgeofasubject.Theyneedtoknowhowtoworkingroupstoachieveamutualgoal,howtoworkasateam.Wherebettertolearnthoseskillsthanonthesportsfield?AnyoftheteamsportsinvoIvecoordinationwithother-players,understandingan

17、dadoptingateammentality.Theseskillsaretoousefultobeignored.Moreover,itisimportantthatpeoplebehealthy,andgoodhealthisnotsoeasilyachievedinasedentarysociety.Sportgetsstudentsoutsideandgivesthemgoodreasontorunabout,thuscounteringhoursspentsittingstill.Soalthoughschoolstudiesareundeniablyimportant,wesho

18、uldregardtimespentplayingsportastimewellspent.應(yīng)用文ALetterofApplicationDearSirorMadam,IamasophomorewithmajorinAutomation.ThoughIhavemadeagreatprogressduringmyfirstyearacademictraining,IfindthatIammoreinterestedinBusinessAdministration.NowIamwritingtoyoutoformallyrequesttoswitchtothisareaofstudy.Themai

19、nreasonformydecisionisthatthemajorIamstudyinginismyparentsfchoice.TheyinsistedthatIshouldstudywhattheyhadlearnedbeforebutafterayearsstudyIhavecometorealizethisisnotthecareerIwanttopursueinmyfuturelife.Besides,Ihaveattendedbusinessclassesasmyoptionalcourseandachievedagoodsuccess,whichfurtherconfirmsm

20、ydecision.盧yourkindconsiderationandsincerelyhopeyouwillgrantmetheshifttothenewdepartment.聽力部分短對(duì)話部分包括8個(gè)短對(duì)話。解題技巧：聽前積極預(yù)測(cè)聽時(shí)隨機(jī)應(yīng)變長對(duì)話共有兩篇，7個(gè)題目。題材一般與學(xué)校生活有關(guān)：課程內(nèi)容（以上課為背景，介紹某個(gè)知識(shí)）打工內(nèi)容（常涉及到工作的內(nèi)容，與學(xué)習(xí)課程的沖突等）科學(xué)知識(shí)（以上課內(nèi)容形式出題，范圍極其廣泛）度假旅游經(jīng)歷學(xué)校生活（餐廳的食物，某個(gè)教師等）住宿生活（特別是與室友或房東的矛盾）某個(gè)娛樂活動(dòng)解題技巧：正確判斷信息掌握一定的思維方式留心首句掌握出題形式，抓住聽的重點(diǎn)聽時(shí)

21、做筆記短文聽力3篇短文，共10道題。內(nèi)容可以分為以下幾類：科普性短文，介紹一些自然現(xiàn)象以及科學(xué)界的實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究成果。文化歷史，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，音樂藝術(shù)以及體育方面的短文，介紹這些領(lǐng)域中有影響的地方，事件和著名人物等。常識(shí)性短文，介紹生活，如衣食住行等方面的小常識(shí)。故事性短文，介紹一個(gè)有趣故事或某人的經(jīng)歷。與學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和生活密切相關(guān)的教育和校園生活的短文。解題技巧：分析題與題之間的關(guān)系，把握短文的大意。瀏覽選項(xiàng)，劃出關(guān)鍵詞。復(fù)合式聽寫：解題技巧：?jiǎn)卧~填空：一心二用有效記錄加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，改進(jìn)方法句子聽寫：關(guān)注動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞搭配，這對(duì)理解句子有極大幫助關(guān)注并列的動(dòng)詞。對(duì)于長句，要在連詞上下功夫，對(duì)于那些引導(dǎo)狀語，定語，表語主語等從句的連詞要特別敏感，這樣才能從整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)層面上去把握。具體可以考慮以下步驟：聽第一遍時(shí)，抓主要意思和長句的結(jié)構(gòu)，有可能的話，記下句子的主干。聽第二遍時(shí)，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上迅速記錄，要學(xué)一點(diǎn)速記的方法，要有自己的一套符號(hào)，這樣可以不必將每個(gè)單詞都寫完。聽最后一遍錄音時(shí)，將句子的細(xì)節(jié)補(bǔ)充完整，同時(shí)將速記符號(hào)或不完