警官學院輔導材料

1、第一部分應試指導一.關于四級考試題型的構成1,聽力理解2閱讀理解3.完形填空4.寫作和翻譯聽力理解部分分值比例為35%,其中聽力對話15%,聽力短文20%閱讀理解部分分值為35%，其中仔細閱讀25%,快速閱讀部分10%完形填空或改錯部分比例為10%寫作和翻譯部分分值比例為20%總分為710分，聽力249，閱讀249，完形或改錯70,作文142.答題時間為125分鐘。第二部分寫作策略四級寫作的體裁包括說明文、議論文和應用文。寫作的素材可以是中文，英文和圖表。一.文章的基本結構TopicSentenceJExplanationJReasonEvideneeExampleExperimentJCom

2、ment大學英語四級寫作通常采用三段論模式，即：開頭段，主題段和結尾二.寫作實例分析(一)說明文(1)說明文一般用于解釋和分析社會現象或社會問題。Paragraph1phenomenonParagraph2reasonsParagraph3suggestionsorsolutionsDrugabuseamongyoungpeoplehasbecomemoreandmoreprevalentoverrecentyears.Statisticsshowthatthenumberofyouthdrugusersalmostdoublesinthepastthreeyears.Itisvitaltoa

3、nalyzewhydrugsaresoattractivetoyoungpeopleandwhatcanbedonetocombatit.Firstly,teenagersareunderincreasingpressurhismaybepeerorpressuretosucceedforexample.Drugusemayhelpthemescapereality,forgettheirproblems,orsimplyfeelmoreacceptedbytheirfriends.Inaddition,throughthemediaweareexposedtoinformationthatg

4、lamorizesdruguseandmakesitlookattractive,particularlytoyoungpeople.Furthermore,teenagersareusuallynaturallycuriousaboutdrug,anddrugdealerscantakeadvantageofthiscuriosityfortheirownprofit.Highfinesandprisonsentencesshouldalsobeimposedondrugdealersandusers.However,itismyownpersonalviewthatpreventionis

5、betterthancureandsoagoodeducationprogrammedaboutthedangersofdrugabuseisoneofthemostimportantstepsanygovernmentshouldtake.說明文（2）比較性說明文用于比較兩種或幾種類似的事物，要求考生通過比較它們各自的優(yōu)點或缺點，說明自己的看法，并加以論證。Paragraph1phenomenonParagraph2advantagesParagraph3disadvantagesParagraph4commentsAmobilephoneisgettingincreasinglypopul

6、ar.Statisticsshowthateightoutoftencollegestudentshavegotone.However,asisthecasewithmanyissues,amobilephonehasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.Onthepositiveside,amobilephoneallowscallstobemadeinstantlyfromalmostanylocation.Thiscanbevitalwhereemergencyservicesneedtobecalledtothesceneofacrime,accidentorf

7、ire,wherenopublictelephoneisnearby.Meanwhile,amobilephonecanserveasaconnectiontotheInternet,whichcanbeextremelyconvenientforobtaininginformationwhereveryoumaybe.Thefactthatamobilephoneallowsapersontobecontactedatanytimecanititselfbeadisadvantage.Forinstanee,anemployeemay,viathemobilephone,beconstant

8、lyavailabletothisemployerandfeelsthatheneverleaveswork.Thismaycausedistress.Anotherdisadvantageistheperceivedhealthrisksassociatedwithitsuse.Somepeoplebelievethatusingmobilephonesforlongperiodscandamagethebrain.Thereisnodenyingthatamobilephonehadbothbenefitsanddrawbacksbutonbalaneeperhapstheadvantag

9、esofamobilephoneoutweighitsdisadvantagessinceamobilehasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife.說明文（3）圖表寫作也屬于說明文的類型，結構如下：Paragraph1changeParagraph2reasonsorimplicationParagraph3conclusionTheperiod1995-2005witnessedarapidincreaseinthenumberofpeopleincityXtravelingabroad.Ascanbeseen,in1995,onlyabout10,000peop

10、leinthiscitywentoverseaswhilein1995thisnumberquicklyroseto40,000.In2005,howeverthenumberofoverseastravelersurgedtoover120,000,whichismorethan10timesasmanyasthatof1995.Thischangecanbeaccountedforbyacoupleoffactors.First,alongwithsocialandeconomyprogress,thelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasbeengreat

11、lyenhanced,sotheyhaveenoughmoneyandtimetotravelabroad.Meanwhile,moreandmorepeoplewanttoenjoythemselvesandbroadentheirvisionbyvisitingoverseashistoricalplacesandexperiencingexoticcultures.Overseastravelhasaprofoundeffectonbothindividualsandthesociety.Itcanwidenourpeopleshorizons,promotefriendshipande

12、nhanceculturalinteraction.Inthemeantime,itcanalsoboostoursocialeconomyandmakeoursocietymoreprosperousanddynamic.Itsgoodforournationprogress.議論文（1）第一種形式要求考生針對某一有爭議性的兩種觀點，來闡述自己的立場，或對這一問題反映出的某一觀點進行駁斥，提出自己的看法并加以論證。MyViewonDataCollectionDatacollectionisafactofmodernlife.Somearguethatdatacollectionisendan

13、geringtherightsofindividuals,thoughothersseeitasausefultoolwhichincreasesefficiency.Tobefrank,Ibelievedatacollectiondoesmoregoodthanharm.卩policerelyondatacollectioninordertooperateefficiently,andhospitalsusecomputerizedrecordstohelpintheirfightagainstdisease.Foranother,databasesstoredoncomputercanal

14、sobeveryefficient.Datawhichhasbeencollectednoneareacanbesentanywhereintheworldalmostinstantly.Thismeansthatthosehavelegitimateaccesstothisdatacanworkveryefficiently.Insummery,datacollectiononindividualscanbejustified,althoughallpossiblemeasuresshouldbetakentominimizetherisks.議論文(2)第二種形式要求考生針對某一有爭議性的

15、觀點，表明自己的觀點，并提出自己的論證。Direction:itisveryimportantthatchildrenshouldstudyhardatschool.Timespentplayingsportistimewasted.Doyouagreeordisagree?Giveyourreasons?Wecouldarguethatchildrengotoschooltostudysothattheymaybecomefullyproductiveadultsandgoodcitizens.Weshouldaskwhetherplayingsporthelpschildrentobeco

16、mebetterpeople.Ifso,sportisnotawasteoftime.Itisgenerallybelievedthatstudentsneedmorethantheknowledgeofasubject.Theyneedtoknowhowtoworkingroupstoachieveamutualgoal,howtoworkasateam.Wherebettertolearnthoseskillsthanonthesportsfield?AnyoftheteamsportsinvoIvecoordinationwithother-players,understandingan

17、dadoptingateammentality.Theseskillsaretoousefultobeignored.Moreover,itisimportantthatpeoplebehealthy,andgoodhealthisnotsoeasilyachievedinasedentarysociety.Sportgetsstudentsoutsideandgivesthemgoodreasontorunabout,thuscounteringhoursspentsittingstill.Soalthoughschoolstudiesareundeniablyimportant,wesho

18、uldregardtimespentplayingsportastimewellspent.應用文ALetterofApplicationDearSirorMadam,IamasophomorewithmajorinAutomation.ThoughIhavemadeagreatprogressduringmyfirstyearacademictraining,IfindthatIammoreinterestedinBusinessAdministration.NowIamwritingtoyoutoformallyrequesttoswitchtothisareaofstudy.Themai

19、nreasonformydecisionisthatthemajorIamstudyinginismyparentsfchoice.TheyinsistedthatIshouldstudywhattheyhadlearnedbeforebutafterayearsstudyIhavecometorealizethisisnotthecareerIwanttopursueinmyfuturelife.Besides,Ihaveattendedbusinessclassesasmyoptionalcourseandachievedagoodsuccess,whichfurtherconfirmsm

20、ydecision.盧yourkindconsiderationandsincerelyhopeyouwillgrantmetheshifttothenewdepartment.聽力部分短對話部分包括8個短對話。解題技巧：聽前積極預測聽時隨機應變長對話共有兩篇，7個題目。題材一般與學校生活有關：課程內容（以上課為背景，介紹某個知識）打工內容（常涉及到工作的內容，與學習課程的沖突等）科學知識（以上課內容形式出題，范圍極其廣泛）度假旅游經歷學校生活（餐廳的食物，某個教師等）住宿生活（特別是與室友或房東的矛盾）某個娛樂活動解題技巧：正確判斷信息掌握一定的思維方式留心首句掌握出題形式，抓住聽的重點聽時

21、做筆記短文聽力3篇短文，共10道題。內容可以分為以下幾類：科普性短文，介紹一些自然現象以及科學界的實驗和研究成果。文化歷史，風俗習慣，音樂藝術以及體育方面的短文，介紹這些領域中有影響的地方，事件和著名人物等。常識性短文，介紹生活，如衣食住行等方面的小常識。故事性短文，介紹一個有趣故事或某人的經歷。與學生學習和生活密切相關的教育和校園生活的短文。解題技巧：分析題與題之間的關系，把握短文的大意。瀏覽選項，劃出關鍵詞。復合式聽寫：解題技巧：單詞填空：一心二用有效記錄加強練習，改進方法句子聽寫：關注動詞后面的介詞或副詞搭配，這對理解句子有極大幫助關注并列的動詞。對于長句，要在連詞上下功夫，對于那些引導狀語，定語，表語主語等從句的連詞要特別敏感，這樣才能從整個句子結構這個層面上去把握。具體可以考慮以下步驟：聽第一遍時，抓主要意思和長句的結構，有可能的話，記下句子的主干。聽第二遍時，在理解的基礎上迅速記錄，要學一點速記的方法，要有自己的一套符號，這樣可以不必將每個單詞都寫完。聽最后一遍錄音時，將句子的細節(jié)補充完整，同時將速記符號或不完