口譯教程基礎(chǔ)詞匯

1、口譯教程 基礎(chǔ)篇 Education“培養(yǎng)”（人才）怎么譯？“培養(yǎng)”可譯做train, turn out或 produce,如：turn out large numbers of skilled workershave trained.assistant and middle level techniciansthe college produces very good interpreters.有時(shí)“培養(yǎng)”也譯做foster, 如：to foster activists培養(yǎng)積極分子2. “工作單位”怎么譯？我國(guó)出版的英文報(bào)刊常把“工作單位”譯作“work unit”， unit 一詞在英語(yǔ)中

2、經(jīng)常用不 指“部隊(duì)”；翻譯時(shí)如能用具體的詞，如school, factory,hospital, company等可能更明白易懂。若指為特殊目的成立的機(jī)構(gòu)（如醫(yī)院，學(xué)校，公司等），也可考慮用institution一詞代替。原工作單位也可譯作theinstitution at which one used to gram一詞的意思program有 syllabus（課程提綱）或curriculum（一個(gè)學(xué)校，專業(yè)，或?qū)W科的全部課程）的意思，如今也用來(lái)表示學(xué)校開設(shè)的“專業(yè)”，如： Wehave a MAprogram in literature/an intercultural

3、 communication program，或?qū)W校所設(shè)的“（訓(xùn)練）部”，如：the un language trainingprogram ；Mr. Lin is incharge of the Chinese program in our university.補(bǔ)充一些有關(guān)教育的詞匯：project hope希望工程the credit system學(xué)分制a double BA degree system雙學(xué)士制students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers定向招生key university重點(diǎn)大學(xué)cent

4、er for post-doctoral studies博士后科研流動(dòng)站specialty 專業(yè)college/university of science and engineering理工科大學(xué)normal university； teachers university師范大學(xué)polytechnic university工業(yè)大學(xué)agricultural university農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)medical university醫(yī)科大學(xué)institute of traditional Chinese medicine中醫(yī)學(xué)院Sports創(chuàng)記錄e.g. had broken or chalked up 4

5、95 world records.也可以說(shuō)：produce a total of 495 world records.set(up)/create/establish/make a new record.刷新記錄rewrite/renew/better/improve the world/ones own record其它e.g. equal/match a recordreach a recordhold/keep the record for.得冠軍，得獎(jiǎng)牌的表達(dá)方法e.g. had won 582 world championships也可以說(shuō)：gain world titles/cha

6、mpionshipstake/capture 6 titles out of a possible 7sweep all the 7 titleswrest the championship from.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的“實(shí)力”，“強(qiáng)項(xiàng)”怎么譯？“實(shí)力”可譯作“ strength ”或“ power ”，如：Chinese athletes showed their traditional strength in some trackand field events.“實(shí)力”也可能形容詞“powerful ”或“ strong ”表達(dá)，如：Chinese women basketball playe

7、rs are very powerful/strong.“強(qiáng)項(xiàng)”可譯作“strong game/sport”。“黑馬”為什么是“ dark ”horse ？“黑馬”是“ dark ”而不是“ black ”horse 這里 dark 的含義是“不清楚”，“不明朗”，表示對(duì)于某人“知道甚少”的意思。Economy and Reform1.reform一詞的搭配法reform 可以和以下動(dòng)詞連用： accomplish/effect/initiate/make/start reforms bring about reformscarry a reform into effectadvocate/p

8、ropose/urge reforms“深化改革”在我國(guó)出版的英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊上常譯成做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常與 knowledge, understanding “深化”就是“進(jìn)一步”的意思，可譯成：intensify the rural reformfurther carry out reformsdeepen reform. 一般說(shuō) deepen 一類詞連用?！吧罨母铩敝械腶s the reform further develops/is carried forward/is pushed forward“改革開放”的表達(dá)法“改革開放”可譯成the policy of reform and openin

9、g up或 the reform andthe open policy 。切不可與 the open-door policy （“門戶開放”政策）混淆。“進(jìn)一步開放”或“門要開得更大”可譯成 reform and opening up went onestep further ； further reform and opening up ?！凹涌旄母镩_放的步伐”可譯成 accelerate the pace of reform and opening up ?！皥?jiān)持”怎么譯？“堅(jiān)持”可以譯作adhere to,persevere in,persistin,hold on to,stickto

10、, keep to等，如：adherenceto the socialistroad,to communist partyleadership,to thepeoples democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetongthought.adhering to a coordinated and balanced program of development.persevere in the pursuit of 1 central task and 2 basic pointspersisting in reform

11、and opening uphold on to socialismstick to this attitudekeep to the socialist orientationadhereto的意識(shí)是“堅(jiān)持維護(hù)，支持”，“信仰堅(jiān)定”，“忠于”，如：“堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線”可譯作adhere to the partys basic line，“堅(jiān)持無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)國(guó)際主義”可譯作adhere to proletarian internationalism。persevere in和 persist in一般用于行動(dòng)，都有“在困難或遭到反對(duì)的情況下繼續(xù)”的意思；但 persevere in帶褒義，表示“不屈

12、不撓”，而 persistin帶貶義，表示“頑固，不聽開導(dǎo)”，如：perseverance means success.persevere in ones studies/armed strugglepersist in ones errors/asking insulting questionshold one to的意思是“抓住不放”，用于beliefs, ideas, principles時(shí)表示“堅(jiān)持信仰”，即使他人影響或情況使人產(chǎn)生懷疑，也不改變或放棄，如：hold on to ones viewsstickto的意思是“粘住，不離”；和choice,decision,principl

13、e,belief等詞連用時(shí)，也有“不變，不放棄”，“堅(jiān)持”的意思。 keep to 有“不離”，“不違背”，“遵守”的意思，如： keep to the main roadkeep to prearranged plankeep to用于 decision ，belief， rules時(shí)有“堅(jiān)持”的意思。此外，“堅(jiān)持”也可譯作 insist on, keep up, uphold等。insist on多用于意見，主張，表示“硬要”，“堅(jiān)決要求”，如：we insist on an interview before we accept any ma candidate.she insisted

14、on her innocence.he insisted on going innocence.keep up的意思是“繼續(xù)”，如：keep up ones studies/piano practice/the attack/the good workuphold 的意思是“支持”，贊同“，可和law, principle, system, practice 連用，表示“堅(jiān)持”?！拔覀凕h堅(jiān)持辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的世界觀”可譯作ourparty upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its world o

15、utlook.工業(yè)“達(dá)到”怎么譯？“達(dá)到”可用 reach 或 amount to ，但 amount to 表示幾個(gè)部分相加后得到的總和，和 add up to ，total， number 的意思一樣。2.operation一詞的意思o(jì)peration有“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”，“操作”， “工作”等意思， 因此工廠“投入生產(chǎn)”，鐵路“開始通車”，公司“開始營(yíng)業(yè)”等都可能go into/step into/beginoperation(s) ，如：the factory went into operation in1992.operation還有“經(jīng)營(yíng)”的意思，“經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制”是operation mecha

16、nism，“經(jīng)營(yíng)自主”是 autonomy in operat ion. “擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn) / 經(jīng)營(yíng)”可用 expand operation表達(dá)，如：The enterprise expanded its operation into an iron and steel complex.3.capacity一詞的意思capacity表示最大生產(chǎn)量，容量或運(yùn)載量，如：annual production capacityfreighters with a total capacity of 100，000 tonscapacity也表示人的“能力”，“才干”，“本領(lǐng)”，如：not working to

17、capacity意思是“本領(lǐng)沒(méi)有使出來(lái)”，“才干沒(méi)有完全發(fā)揮”。同義詞、近義詞辨析：1）factory, plant, works, mill, complexfactory, plant, works, mill都是工廠.等：factory 泛指一般工廠，如food factory, tractor factoryplant 多指電器業(yè)或機(jī)械制造業(yè)，一般用于以下工廠：water power plant, machine-building plant, chemical plant 。 works 多用于鋼鐵等重工業(yè)，如 iron and steel works, gas works, cem

18、ent works 。mill原意是“磨坊”，現(xiàn)泛指“工廠”，多用于輕工業(yè)，尤其是紡織工業(yè)，如：cotton/textile/silk/woolen mill, lumber/saw mill, steel mill, heavy steel rolling millcomplex 指“聯(lián)合企業(yè)”，如 chemical complex, iron and steel complex, building complex 。在現(xiàn)代報(bào)刊中， 以上用法大都依照習(xí)慣， 有時(shí)沒(méi)有明確界限或區(qū)別。 值得注意的是有些詞專指特殊的工廠，如 smeltery 冶煉廠、 foundry 鑄造廠、 tannery 制

19、革廠。2) equipment, facility:equipment和 facility都可譯作“設(shè)備”，“器材”，但equipment是不可熟名詞，指用于某一特殊目的的東西，供給品，裝備等。如：a completer of equipmentan important piece of equipmentbasic kitchen equipmentstereo equipmentfacility 是可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 facilities 指為一特殊活動(dòng)或目的所提供的種種便利，包括設(shè)備、建筑物和服務(wù)等等。如：production facilitiesfacilities for st

20、udyfacilities for travelsports facilities2008 年，奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在北京舉行。作為中國(guó)人，我們都想對(duì)奧運(yùn)會(huì)有一個(gè)更全面的了解，尤其是怎么用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)， 我想通過(guò)一些常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)以及句子來(lái)增強(qiáng)對(duì)它的了解。首先，我們來(lái)了解常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)：奧運(yùn)會(huì) OlympicGames奧運(yùn)會(huì)選拔賽Olympictrial國(guó)際奧委會(huì) InternationalOlympicCommittee奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)歌 OlympicAnthem奧運(yùn)火炬 Olympictorch奧運(yùn)會(huì)代表團(tuán)Olympicdelegation奧運(yùn)村 Olympicvillage組委會(huì) organizationcommit

21、tee開幕式openingceremony閉幕式closingceremony吉祥物 mascot頒獎(jiǎng)臺(tái) podium 其次，我們通過(guò)一些句子來(lái)增強(qiáng)對(duì)奧運(yùn)會(huì)的了解。TheinternationalOlympicCommitteeconstituteditselfon23rdJune1894.國(guó)際奧委會(huì)于1894年 6 月23 日成立。ThetheOlympic unionsymbol, of thethefivefive interlocking continents and therings,representsmeetingoftheathletesoftheworldattheOlymp

22、icGames 奧.林匹克的標(biāo)志是五個(gè)相連的圓環(huán)，它代表著五大洲的團(tuán)結(jié)和全世界運(yùn)動(dòng)員在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上相聚一堂。TheofficiallanguagesoftheIOC areFrenchand English.國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的官方語(yǔ)言是法語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。TheOlympicflameisa symbolreminiscentoftheancientOlympicGames奧.運(yùn)圣火是人們緬懷古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)的象征。TheOlympicGames consistoftheGames oftheOlympiadandtheOlympicWinterGames.Bothtakeplaceeveryfouryears.奧運(yùn)

23、會(huì)包括夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)和冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)，它們都是每四年舉辦一次。TheOlympicGames shallbe proclaimedopenbytheHeadofStateofthehostcountry.奧運(yùn)會(huì)由東道國(guó)國(guó)家元首宣布開幕。Thedelegationparadeinalphabeticalorderaccordingtothelanguageofthehostcountry,exceptforGreece,whichleadstheparade,andforthehostcountrywhichbringsuptherear.代表團(tuán)按東道國(guó)語(yǔ)言文字的字母順序入場(chǎng)。希臘和東道國(guó)例外，希臘代表

24、團(tuán)第一個(gè)入場(chǎng)，東道國(guó)代表團(tuán)最后一個(gè)入場(chǎng)。笨鳥先飛 A slow sparrow should make an early start.不眠之夜 white night不遺余力 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best不打不成交 No discord, no concord.拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻rob Peter to pay Paul大開眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener國(guó)泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace功夫不負(fù)

25、有心人Everything comes to him who waits.好了傷疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more和氣生財(cái) Harmony brings wealth活到老，學(xué)到老One is never too old to learn.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones金無(wú)足赤 , 人無(wú)完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect.金玉滿堂 Treasures fill the home腳踏實(shí)地 be down-to-earth腳踩兩只船 sit on the fence老生常談，陳詞濫調(diào)

26、cut and dried, clich禮尚往來(lái) Courtesy calls for reciprocity.留得青山在，不怕沒(méi)柴燒Where there is life, there is hope.馬到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success名利雙收 gain in both fame and wealth茅塞頓開 be suddenly enlightened弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself.拿手好戲 masterpiece賠了夫人又折兵throw good mo

27、ney after bad搶得先機(jī) take the preemptive opportunities強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)手 win-win co-operation瑞雪兆豐年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.人之初 , 性本善 Mans nature at birth is good.人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.人海戰(zhàn)術(shù) huge-crowd strategy世上無(wú)難事，只要肯攀登Where there is a will, there is a way.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace awa

28、y from the turmoil of the world;死而后已 until my heart stops beating歲歲平安 Peace all year round塞翁失馬，焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing.升級(jí)換代 updating and upgrading (of products)四十不惑 Life begins at forty.水漲船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high.時(shí)不我待 Time and tide wait for no man.殺雞用牛刀 break a

29、butterfly on the wheel說(shuō)曹操 , 曹操到 Talk of the devil and he comes.實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō) speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.糖衣炮彈 sugar-coated bullets天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量Unity is strength.歪風(fēng)

30、邪氣 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena物以類聚，人以群分 Birds of a feather flock together.望子成龍 hold high hopes for ones child屋漏又逢連陰雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.文韜武略 military expertise; military strategy唯利是圖 draw water to ones mill無(wú)源之水 , 無(wú)本之木 water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots無(wú)中生有 make/create something out of nothing徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relati