人教版(新教材)高中英語選修3Unit 3　Environmental Protection優(yōu)質(zhì)學(xué)案：Grammar-直接引語和間接引語

1、Grammar一一直接引語和間接引語圖解語法脈絡(luò)遵循“一改二變?nèi)铀娜ァ痹敲匆浑S主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新一直接引語和間接引語，特殊疑問句-圖解語法脈絡(luò)遵循“一改二變?nèi)铀娜ァ痹敲匆浑S主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新一直接引語和間接引語，特殊疑問句-仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞感知語法規(guī)律I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, “ said Anne.f Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.Can you lend me two

2、yuan? he asked me.f He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.u What do you call your diary? ” Anne,s sister asked her.f Annes sister asked her what she called her diary.He said to Ann, “Tell me your problem.”f He told Ann to tell him her problem.uBe careful with the dog, boys, “ she said.-She warned

3、 the boys to be careful with the dog.6.She said, Dont make so much noise, children !”f She told the children not to make so much noise.K自主發(fā)現(xiàn)11.直接引語為陳述句時(shí)，間接引語變成that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。直接引語為一般疑 問句時(shí)，間接引語變成if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí), 分鐘就可以烤好餅干，sb/sth take some time to do sth是固定句式，意為“花時(shí)間 做某事”，故填to bake。. to tally

4、 K考查副詞。該空修飾形容詞undercooked（煎或烤得火候缺乏的），應(yīng) 用副詞。故填totally。.up K考查介詞。句意：太空烘焙師調(diào)高了烤箱的溫度，烤面團(tuán)的時(shí)間也變長(zhǎng) 了，直到他們成功。turn up（調(diào)高），是固定短語。故填up。.longer K考查比擬級(jí)。根據(jù)句意,該處應(yīng)用long的比擬級(jí),故填longer。1 10.whether/if K考查連詞。句意：這種太空烘焙餅干目前在德克莎州休斯頓的 一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里?？茖W(xué)家將對(duì)它們進(jìn)行測(cè)試，看它們是否可以平安食用。該空引導(dǎo) 賓語從句,表示“是否，故填whether/if。間接引語仍由原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。2.如果直接引語為祈

5、使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的引述動(dòng)詞有tell, order, ask, warn。如果轉(zhuǎn)述的祈使句為否認(rèn)式, 那么在不定式(to)前加not或nevero精講語法知識(shí)直接引述別人的原話叫直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。間接引 語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語如果改為間接引語，需在連接詞、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、狀語、個(gè)別指示代詞和 動(dòng)詞等方面做相應(yīng)的變化。1 .連接詞的選擇(1)直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，常變成由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在口 語中that可以省略。The little boy said, “I was playing with

6、 my toys when someone knocked at the door. 小男孩說：“我在玩我的玩具，這時(shí)有人敲門。”f The little boy said (that) he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩說，他在玩他的玩具，那時(shí)有人敲門。直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句時(shí)，間接引語中用 whether(or.或or not)或 if 弓I 導(dǎo)。Mother said to her daughter, u Are you satisfied with your new r

7、oom?” 媽媽對(duì)她的女兒說：“你對(duì)你的新房間滿意嗎？ ”-*Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.媽媽問她女兒是否對(duì)她的新房間滿意。(3)直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)-，間接引語仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，其余 的變化遵照直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)那么來進(jìn)行。When will the sports meet be held? ” he said.他說：“什么時(shí)候舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)？ ”He asked when the sports meet would be held.他問什么時(shí)候舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)

8、會(huì)。K名師提醒直接引語是陳述句時(shí)，假設(shè)變?yōu)殚g接引語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞said to sb”常改為told sbo(2)如果主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是said,那么將其改為askedo(3)疑問句的直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，要把疑問語序變成陳述語序。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語Cathy always says, TH do it better next time. ”f Cathy always says that shell do jj better, the next time.Sarah asked, “What were you doing from nine to eleven this morn

9、ing? ”Sarah asked me what I was doing from nine to eleven that morn ing.(3)1 asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? ”f I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to q film that night.2.人稱的變化(記憶口訣)一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人立場(chǎng)的變化作相應(yīng)的改變。(1)“一隨主”。指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主

10、語是第一人稱或 被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.” 瑪麗說，“我想有一臺(tái)我自己的電腦。”f Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.瑪麗說她想擁有一臺(tái)自 己的電腦?！岸S賓”。指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，假設(shè)從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱 或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。Her colleague said to her, Who did you ask for a leave?

11、” 她的同事對(duì)她說，“你 向誰請(qǐng)了假？ ”f Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave,她的同事問她向誰請(qǐng)了假?！暗谌朔Q不更新”。指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語及賓語 是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。The workers said, “The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.” 工人們說：“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)常讓工人們加班。”f The workers said that the leaders often made the worker

12、s work extra hours. 工人們說領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)常讓工人們加班。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2把以下句子變?yōu)殚g接引語，注意人稱變化He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday/5 f He said that she would go there to have a long holiday.She said to me, You play basketball better than me.” f She told me that I played basketball better than her. “I bought this pair of

13、 shoes for my father, “ Kate said.f Kate said she had bought that pair of shoes for her father.My father said, “I hope you will grow up to be President.” f My father said that he hoped I would grow up to be President.3.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)句子時(shí)態(tài)變化如下表：直接引語間接引語句子時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成

14、時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（不變）一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)His friend said to him, “Wc arc planning to have a picnic.他的朋友對(duì)他說：“我 們計(jì)劃去野餐?！?His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告訴他說, 他們計(jì)劃去野餐。The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.” 組織者說：“我們已開始了我們的計(jì)劃?！?f The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 組織者說

15、，他們已開始了他們的計(jì)劃。K名師提醒R在下面幾種情況中，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不發(fā)生變化。直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不變?！癟he earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, “ the teacher told me.f The teacher told me (that) the earth moves around the sun and that the moon moves around the earth.(2)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)

16、不變。Tom said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.f Tom said he was born on April 21, 1980.即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3把以下句子變?yōu)殚g接引語，注意時(shí)態(tài)變化He said, “I saw the film yesterday?5f He said that he had seen the film the day before.She said, “I have seen the film.lt is good.f She said that she had seen the film, and that it was good.(3)

17、He asked, “Is it raining? ”f He asked if it was raining.The teacher said, “I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.” f The teacher promised that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month. “Light travels much faster than sound, “ my father told me.-My

18、father told me that light travels much faster than sound. u When did you come here? ” she asked.-She asked me when I went there.4.指示詞、狀語及動(dòng)詞的變化即時(shí)訓(xùn)練4指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語now today tonight yesterday tomorrow last month(week) next month(week) the day before yesterdaythenthat daythat nightthe day be

19、fore the next/following day the month(week)before the next month(week) two days before地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動(dòng)詞come bringgo take將直接引語改為間接引語Henry said, “I havent seen her today.n一 Henry said that he hadnt seen her that day.Helen said to me, This happened yesterday/9f Helen told mg that had happened the day bef

20、ore.Shelly said, “I arrived two days ago.” Shelly said that she had arrived two days before.5.引述祈使句通常用“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如果祈使句為否認(rèn)句，在不 定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞order, tell, warn；引 述表示請(qǐng)求的祈使句常用動(dòng)詞ask, beg；引述表示建議、勸告的祈使句常用動(dòng)詞 advise 等0He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.” f He asked me to go there again

21、the next day. 他讓我第二天再到那兒去。He said, “Do have a look yourself first.”一 He advised me to have a look myself first.他建議我自己先看一看。He said, Dont make so much noise, boys.”f He told the boys not to make so much noise.他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。K名師提醒祈使句變間接引語，遵循“一改二變?nèi)铀娜ァ痹敲矗阂桓模簊aid (to)改為 asked 或 told二變：said to的賓語變成aske

22、d等的賓語三加：即在動(dòng)詞原形前加to,使其成為動(dòng)詞不定式四去：去掉please即時(shí)訓(xùn)練5將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接賓語The teacher said to the boy， Open the door, please! ”f The teacher told the boy to open the door.His father said to him, Dont leave the window open when you are out. ”f His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out. uPlease ex

23、plain why youre late, “ the boss said.f The boss asked him to explain why he was late.運(yùn)用語法規(guī)那么I.單句語法填空.He said he hadnt seen (not, see) his old friends for a long time.We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.My sister advised me to tidy (tidy) my room b

24、y myself.The teacher said that two plus two is (be) four.The moment I got home, my wife asked me whether/if I had been to the hospital.The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.(2020天津卷改編).She reported that the next Olympic Games would b。 held (hold) in P

25、aris in 2024.一How dangerous drunk-driving is!一Yes.We should try to persuade our families and friends never to drive (drive) after drinking.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.(2018全國(guó)卷 I 語法

26、 填空).As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when you will come (come) and see him. n.補(bǔ)全句子1 John said that he was going to London with his father.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。2.She asked me if (whether) J often went there to read newspapers.她問我是否經(jīng)常去那兒看報(bào)。askedhimwhether he would stay at home or go to see a film that

27、 night.我問他那天晚上是待在家還是去看電影。.He advised me to take a walk after supper.他建議我晚飯后出去走走。.Mary said that she hadnt heard from he匚 parents, those days.瑪麗說那些日子她沒有收到父母的來信。.Kate asked whether my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.凱特問我的妹妹喜歡藍(lán)色的裙子還是綠色的。.Our teacher told us that failure js the mother of success

28、.老師告訴我們失敗是成功之母。8.The teacher said that where there is a will, there is a way.老師說有志者，事竟成。III.語法填空Kitchen technology has reached new heights.So far, astronauts on the InternationalSpace Station 1.(make)the universes first space-baked cookies.They are 2. very first kind of food to be baked in space fro

29、m raw ingredients.The astronauts said 3.(eat) freshly baked food will make them happy while on the space station.lt will be a comforting 4.(remind) of home.This will be important for astronauts going to the moon or on the long journey to Mars.Baking the space cookies once 5.(think) extremely difficultOn Earth, cookies take about 20