詞匯學(xué)名詞解釋

1、Freemorphemes:自由語(yǔ)素amorphemesthatcanstandalone.或者alinguisticformthatcanoccurasanindependentword.Boudmorphemes黏著語(yǔ)素amorphemesthatmustoccurwithatleaseoneothermorpheme.Back-formation:逆生法。isthemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.Allomorph：語(yǔ)素變體thephoneticvariantofamorphemeinaparticularlangua

2、ge.或者oneofthevariantsofthesamemorphemeconversion:轉(zhuǎn)換法istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsfromoneword-classtoanotherword-class.或者Conversionisaword-formationprocesswherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintoawordofanotherword-classwithouttheadditionofanaffix.blending拼綴法istheformationofnewwordsby

3、combiningpastsoftwowordsorwordplusapartofantherword.女口;smog-smoke+fog.Semanticfield:語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)Semanticfieldtheoryisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasasystemofinterrelatedlexicalnetworks.Thewordsofasemanticfieldarejoinedtogetherbyacommonconcept,andtheyarelikelytohaveanumberofcollocationsincommon.semant

4、icmotivation:語(yǔ)義理?yè)?jù)Semanticmotivationreferstomotivationbasedonsemanticfactorsanditisusuallyprovidedbythefigurativeusageofwords.conceptualmeaning：概念意義。themeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.10.lexicalmeaning：themeaningofawordthatdependsonthenonlinguisticconceptsitisusedtoexpress11.

5、affectivemeaning:情感意義isconcernedwiththeexpressionoffeelingsandattitudesofthespeakerorwriter.12.semantictransfer詞義遷移figuresofspeech13Metonymy轉(zhuǎn)喻Itisafigureofspeechbywhichanobjectorideaisdescribedbythenameofsomethingcloselyrelatedtoit.14.synecdoche.提喻Afigureofspeechbywhichapartisputforthawhole,thewhole

6、forthepart,speciesforgenus,thegenudforthespeciesorthenameofthematerialforthedhingmade.15:Extra-linguisticcontext:語(yǔ)言之外的環(huán)境Extra-linguisticcontextrefersnotonlytotheactualspeechsituationinwhichawordisusedbutalsototheentireculturalbackgroundagainstwhichaword,oranutteranceoraspeecheventisset.16：polysemy：一

7、詞多義Polysemymeansthatonesinglewordhastwoormoresensesatthesametime.17.Homophone:同音異義詞Wordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaningarecalledhomophones.18：homonym：yHomonymsarewordsdifferentinmeaningbuteitheridenticalbothinsoundandspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspelling.19.elevation:詞義的升格processbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.20.Degradation:詞義的降格itistheprocesswherebywordsofgoodpriginfallintoillreputationornon-affectivewordscometobeusedinderogatorysense21oxymoron.矛盾修辭Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoiningoftwocontrasting,contradic