美國(guó)文學(xué)填空題

1、美國(guó)文學(xué)補(bǔ)充練習(xí)填空題Part IAt last early in the century, the English settlements in and began the main stream of what we recognize as American national history.The earliest settlers in US, includes , Swedes, , French, , Italians, and . s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been describe

2、d as the first distinctly American literature to be written in English.The Puritans had come to New England for the sake of, whileVirginia had been planted mainly as a .Hard work, , piety, and were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing, including the sermons, books,

3、 and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen as John Cotton and Cotton Mather., the first governor of Plymouth, and, who held thesame post at Boston, were men superiorto even the remarkablequalities that distinguished many of their associates. Each has left us a priceless gift: the former, , the lat

4、ter .The best way to learn more of the colonial Puritan mind is to meet two important figures,and .Most puritan verse was decidedly plodding, but the work of the two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of .Answer:17th, Virginia, MassachusettsDucth, Germans, Spaniards, Portu

5、gueseCaptain John Smithreligious freedom, commercial venturethrift, sobrietyWilliam Bradford, John Winthrop, The History of Plymouth Plantation, The History of New EnglandJohn Cotton, Roger Williamsreal poetry Part IIAs we have seen,dominated the Puritan phase of American writing. was the next great

6、 subject to command the attention of the best minds.Freedom was won as much by the fiery rhetoric of Thomas Paine s and the eloquence of the as by the weapons of Washington or Lafayette.hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials aboard and to import finished goods at pric

7、es higher than the cost of making them in this country.American dealt a decisive blow upon the puritan traditions and brought to life and literature.The secular ideas of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of , who instructed his countrymen as , not .In 1783, the year

8、the United States achieved its independence, declared, American must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for _力arms .Born in Boston in 1706, Benjamin Franklin went to Philadelphia as a young man and began his career as .From 1732 to 1758, Franklin wrote a

9、nd published his famous,an annual collection of proverbs.On January 10, 1766, Paine s famous pamphlet appeared. It boldly advocated a Declaration for Independence ” , and b rought the separatist agitation to a crisis.is perhaps the most outstanding writer of the postrevolutionary period.Freneau was

10、by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit.For a few years, writing with sporadic fluency, Freneau earned his living variously as , , and sea captain.As a poet, heralded American literature independence: his close observation of nature distinguished his treatment of indigenous wild life

11、and other native American subjects.Fr eneau has been called the ” , and it is ultimately in a historical estimate that Freneau is important.Answer:theology, politicsCommon Sense,Declaration of IndependenceThe British governmentEnlightenment, secular educationBenjamin Franklin, a printer, a priestNoa

12、h Webstera printerPoor Richard s AlmanacCommon SensePhilip Freneauneoclassicalfarmer, journalistFreneauFather of American PoetryPart IIIIn 1828 the election of the frontieras the seventhPresident of the United States had brought an effective end to the “Virginia Dynasty “ of American presidents.The

13、United States had been a republic of small , without sharp contrast of wealth.Through the firsthalf of 19th century the pursuit of ,utility, and remained an American characteristic.In the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary opened in to serve the “muslin sex ” .W

14、ashington Irving s became the first work by an Americanwriter to win financial success on both sides of Atlantic.The attitudes of America s writerswere shaped bytheir environment and array of ideas inherited from the traditions of Europe.values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosoph

15、y until the Civil War.As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither nor .Romantic writers placed increasing value on theexpressionof emotion and displayed increasing attention to thestates oftheir characters.In 1820, published An American Dictionary of The English Language.was the first great

16、 prose stylist of American romanticism, and his familiar style was destined to outlive the formal prose of such contemporaries as Scott and Cooper, and to provide a model for the prevailing prose narrative of the future.Irving was the first great, writing always for , andto produce .was a rousing ta

17、le about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: and .The central figure in Cooper s novels, , goes by serious names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder, and Hawkeye.In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis (Greek,

18、 meaning “view of death)introduced the best poet, to appear in American up to that time.Answer:Andrew Jacksonlandholderssimplicity, perfection1837, MassachusettsSketch BookNew World, romanticRomanticlogical, systematizedfree, psychicNoah WebsterWashington Irvingbelletrist, pleasure, pleasureThe Spyt

19、he sea adventure tale, the frontier sagaNatty BumppoW川iam Cullen BryantPoe entered the , but left a short time later because he would not enter the profession of law as Allan wished.Ironically,while Poe was struggling in America, his work wascommanding more and more praise in . His influence was esp

20、ecially strong on many writers.Emerson was recognized throughout his life as the leader of movement, yet he never applied the term to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.Emerson believed above all in , independence of mind, and .Two speeches, and made Emerson famous.Emerson s truest disciple, the ma

21、n who put into practice many of Emerson s theories, was .For Thoreau, as for Emerson, and ranked above all.“ stated Thoreau s belief that no man should violate hisconscience at the command of a government.Answer:University of VirginiaEurope , FrenchTranscendentalistindividualism, self-relianceThe Am

22、erican Scholar, The Divinity School AddressHenry David Thoreauself-reliance, independence of mindCivil Disobediencedeals with the effects of a curse, and though the tale itself is fiction, the germ of the story sprang from the author s family history.Hawthorne s unique gift was the creation ofstrong

23、ly stories which touch the deepest roots of man s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, .Hawthorne s ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great questions appears strongly in his short stories.is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit

24、of a seemingly supernatural white whale.and by temperament, Melville shipped as a cabin boy on a merchant vessel to England in 1839, when he was twenty.What baffled Moby Dick s readers was thebook s wildextravagances of and , its effect of and, its effect of what the modern critic Van Wyck Brooks ca

25、llsashredded play.Longfellow domesticated meters as in his adaptation of classical meters to tell the story of Evangeline Bellefontaine.The , sweetness, and for which Longfellow s poetry was popular during his lifetime were the very qualities that caused the reaction against in after his death.Answe

26、r:The House of the Seven Gablessymbolic, The Scarlet LettermoralMoby DickRestless, venturesomemood, language, ShakespeareanEuropean, Greekgentleness, purityBy the end of (1816-1865) most of the forces that would typify twentieth-century American had begun to emerge. Northern had triumphed over South

27、ern and from that victory came a society based on mass labor and mass consumption.In 1865 the first step toward racial equalitywas made whenthe Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, abolishing within the United States.By 1890 the frontier, the westward moving line of settlement began three year

28、s before on the ceased to exist.In 1891, (founded in 1883) became the first American magazine to exceed a circulation of half a million; by 1905 it had reached a million.Harriet Beccher Stowe, the author of(1852), had become anAmerican institution and the most famous literary woman in the world.The

29、had what Henry James called“a powerful impulse tomirror to the unmitigated realities of life.“Realism first appeared in the United States in the literatureof , and an amalgam if romantic plots and realisticdescriptions of things were immediately observable.The arbiter of nineteenth-century literary

30、realism in American was.The bulk of America s literary realism was limited to treatment of the surface of life.Naturalism, like realism, had come from.The and ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such writers as Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack London, Henry Adam, and Theodore Dreiser.In the c

31、luster of poems Whitman calledhe gave America itsfirst genuine poem.Whitman published the first edition ofLeaves of Grass in ,setting the type for the book himself, and writing favorably reviewsof it in the papers, anonymously.15. The range of Dickinson experiences but the power of her 16. The poems

32、 are short, single or .17. Uncle Tom s Cabin, or15. The range of Dickinson experiences but the power of her 16. The poems are short, single or .17. Uncle Tom s Cabin, ors poetrysuggests nother limitedand .many ofthem beingbases ona(as it was originally entitled) wasconceived early in February, 1851.

33、To cope with southern opposition and challenges to the accuracy of the novel, she wrote the nonfictionwith the documented casehistories to support what she had portrayed fictionally.Mark Twain left the Mississippi at the outbreak of, andbecame, in swift succession, an army volunteer, in Nevada, a ti

34、mber speculator and .had already p ointed towards Mark Twain s uneasy acceptance of the values of nineteen-century American society.Answer:the Civil War, industrialism, agrarianismThirteenth, slaveryAtlantic CoastThe Ladies Home JournalUncle Tom s Cabinrealistslocal colorW川iam Dean Howellsoptimistic

35、Europepessimism, deterministicLeaves of Grass , epic1855mancreativity, imaginationimage, symbolThe Man That Was a ThingA Key to Uncle Tom s Cabinthe Civil Wara gold prospector, a journalistThe Gilded AgeThe title of one of O. Henry s book, , indicates that he considered all the people of New York Ci

36、ty worth writing about, and not simply the upper “Four Hundred” .In 1871 the Atlantic seri alized James first novel, , with which he hoped, but failed, to achieve fame.James preferred to declare that his first real novel was.(1878) which one American critic described as“an outrageto American girlhoo

37、d brought James his fi rst international fame.Wolf Larsen, the ruthless, amoral protagonistof , bestrealizes the ideal of the“superman” .A centraldocument forthe London scholaristhe patentlyautobiographical novel By the time Jack London published his first collection of stories, (1900), he was on hi

38、s way to becoming the highest paid author of his time.The most enduringly popular of Jack Londons stories involved theprimitive struggle of and individuals in the context of irresistible natural forces such as the wild sea or the arctic wastes.s stories involved theLondon had written too much too fa

39、st, with too little concern for the and and subtlety of characterization that rank high with critics.(1900), which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G. W. Hurstwood, was Dreiser s first novel.The protagonist of“Trilogy of Dreiser” , is modeled afterthe Chicago specu

40、lator Charles T. Yerks.The identification of potency with is at the heart of Dreise r s greatest and most successful novel, An American Tragedy .In 1930s, Dreiser was increasing attracted by the philosophical program of .Answer:The Four MillionWatch and WardRoderick HudsonDaisy MillerThe Sea WolfMar

41、tin EdenThe Son of the Wolfstrong, weakstylistic, formal refinementSister CarrieFrank Cowperwoodmoneythe Communist PartyIn the years preceding World War I, nineteenth-century realism and remained vital forces in American Literature.The genteel tradition and popular still dominated the nation s liter

42、ary tastes.The best-selling American books in the first decades of the twentieth century were Although the form and direction of modern American literature hadclearly begun to emerge in the first decades of the century, stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and contemporary

43、American.Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a “” , devoi d of faith and alienated from a civilization.The publication in 1922 of T. S. Eliot s , the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literatur

44、e rich with learning and allusive thought.Early in the 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, established an international reputation.Jazz music of the American the most influential art form to originate in the United States spread throughout the world.The social upheavals and lit

45、erary concerns of the Great Depression years ended with the prosperity and turmoil brought by.Ezra Pound s , considered as a satire of the materialistic forces involved in the World War I, is a masterpiece.Robinson began his career as a poet in and .“Richard Cory”and “Miniver Cheeryare goodexampleso

46、f realistic attitudes.Robinsons poemssometimes appear to be,yet thesurface often serves to conceal an intricacy and subtlety of thought.In London, Frost s first book , brought him to the attention of influential critics.When he was eighty-seven, Frost read his poetry at the inauguration of President

47、 Frost employed the plain speech of ruraland preferred theshort, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.Frost saw nature as a storehouse of and , announcing, T m always saying something more.Answer:naturalismromanticismhistorical romancesthe First World WarLost GenerationThe Waste LandEugene O nei

48、lNegroSecond World WarHugh Selwyn Mauberleybleakness, povertyRobinson ssimple, simplicityA Boy s W川John F. KennedyNew Englandersanalogy, symbolWith the precedent of behind them, Sandburg s poems present a sweeping panorama of American life.Sandburg s language draws on the colorful diction of and the

49、 lingo of urban dwellers.Wallace Steven created his poetry as a gifted , less concerned about promoting than about perfecting what he wrote.It was not until 1923 that Steven, at the age of 44, was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems .The problem of the interrelation betweenand became aserie

50、s of oppositions between inner and outer world.At Merton College, Oxford in 1955, Eliot again studied.The degree to which fusion and concentration of, feeling,and were achieved was Eliots criterion for judging the poem.In 1920s, Eliot began , one of the major works of modern literature.It is likely

51、that in Eliot s abundant use of literary referencein The Waste Lard he was influenced by .In connection with the publication of the critical volumeForLancelot Andrews (1928), Eliot described himself as “a in politics, a in literature, and an in religion.Eliot s lectures at Harvard University in 1932

52、 resulted in the influential volume .In Alabama, where Fitzgerald was sent for military training, he fell hopelessly in love with , an embodiment of his romantic notions of a Southern Belle.was a critical success, but a commercial disappointment.In his finest novels, The Great Gatsby and , Fitzgerald had revealed the stridency of an age of glittering innocence.In vivid and graceful