2022年中考英語語法-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法技巧

1、 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義1.表示到說話人說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，卻對現(xiàn)在仍有影響或結(jié)果。例如：He has lost his book.他丟了他的書。2.表示事情開始于過去，卻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的事情。例如：He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我們學(xué)校教書已有 30 年了。3.表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間直到現(xiàn)在的這個(gè)時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)不斷重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，并且這個(gè)不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作有可能繼續(xù)下去，也有可能到現(xiàn)在就結(jié)束。例如：My father has always gone to work by bike.我父親一向騎車上班。4.同一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來一樣，現(xiàn)

2、在完成時(shí)也可以在時(shí)間狀語從句里表示將來。例如：Ill wait until he has written his letter.我愿等到他把信寫完。 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成1.肯定句：主語 + have/has + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它2.否定句：主語 + havent/hasnt + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它3.一般疑問句：Have/Has + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 + have/has + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它例如：She has played the piano for two hours.She hasnt played the piano

3、 for two hours. Has she played the piano for two hours? Yes, she has./ No, she hasnt.How long has she played the piano? 3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞的具體用法1.already, just, ever, never, before, yet(1)already 意為“已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。例如：He has already had breakfast.(2) just 意為“剛剛”表示行為剛剛過去，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。例如：M

4、y father has just finished his work.(3)ever 意為“曾經(jīng)”用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。例如：Have you ever visited the Great Wall?(4) yet 用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中意為“還”，常放在句末。例如： Have you watched the movie yet? No. I havent watched it yet.(5) never 意為“從來沒有”多放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間，常與 before 連用。例如：I have never been to such a beautif

5、ul place before.(6) before 意為“以前”指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。例如：I havent been to Beijing before.2.since 和 for (1) since + 過去時(shí)間點(diǎn) / 過去時(shí)的從句。例如：Helen has lived in New York since 2015.My brother has learned about 500 English words since he was five years old.(2) for + 一段時(shí)間，其時(shí)間狀語常用 how long 提問。例如： How long

6、 have you cleaned yourroom? I have cleaned it for about two hours.(3) since + 一段時(shí)間 + ago=for + 一段時(shí)間例如：Jack has played basketball for three ( since three years ago). 4瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用；瞬間性不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一發(fā)生立即后通常不能跟時(shí)間段，若要跟時(shí)間段，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：The movie has already begun for ten (錯(cuò)誤)The m

7、ovie has already begun. (正確）The movie has already been on for ten (正確)在否定句中短暫性動(dòng)詞可與一段時(shí)間連用例如：I havent bought anything for one month.2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的替換begin(start)be ondie be deadleave be away (from) fallill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep)get upbe upgo out be outfinish be overput on wear 或 be onopen b

8、e openjoin be in或 be a member ofclose be closedgo to schoolbe a studentborrow keepbuy/get havecatch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know knowbegin to studystudycome to workworkmove to live infinish/end be overcome to be insit down be seatedmarry be marrieddress be dressed 5三個(gè)have/has 句式的區(qū)別1.have/has been

9、 to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳c just, ever, never等連用。例如：I have ever been to Sany.2.have/has gone to意為“到某地去了”該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。表示某人去了某有回來）。例如：Lilys father has gone to Chengducome back in three days.3.have/has been in表示“在某地呆了間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用 since, for, how long 等，表示某人在某了多久。例如：Mark has been in China since two year. 6用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子1.It is the first/second time + that 句型中部分用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：It is the first time that he has visited C2.This is + 形容詞最高級 + that 句型