江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講

1、江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【1】倍數(shù)表示法a. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多Twice as much as b. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。c. 還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

2、今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【2】 would rather do.than do可理解為“寧愿也不”。例如： He would rather resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.他寧可辭職也不干這種不正當(dāng)?shù)墓串?dāng)。 would rather+從句，是一個(gè)常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。其意為“寧愿,還是 引導(dǎo)從句的that常省略。在談到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 例 John wants to see me today. I wo

3、uld rather he came to tomorrow than today. 約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來(lái)看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過(guò)去而是表示將來(lái)) 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【3】no sooner.than”、“hardly.when”和“scarcely. before” 以上三個(gè)句型的意思是“一就”。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是，在以上句型中，句子的前半部分一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而后半部則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。該句型通常采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如： No sooner had I opened the cage than the little bird flew out. =Scarce

4、ly (Hardly) had I opened the cage before (when) the little bird flew out. 我一開籠小鳥就飛出去了。 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【4】 anything but”、“nothing but”和 “all but” 英語(yǔ)中，“anything but”=never, “nothing but”=only, “all but”=almost, nearly。例如：He is anything but a scientist.他決不是科學(xué)家。I am nothing but a student.我不過(guò)是個(gè)學(xué)生。He is

5、 all but a fool.他幾乎是個(gè)傻瓜。 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【5】“superior to”、“inferior to”、“senior to” 和“junior to” 以上幾個(gè)形容詞表示比較時(shí)后面用“to”不用“than” superior to”意思是優(yōu)于，高于； “inferior to”意思是次于 ；“senior to ”意思是年長(zhǎng)于，地位高于；“junior to”意思是年幼于，地位低于，遲于。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【6】不定式用法作表語(yǔ) 不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語(yǔ)。例如：My work is to clean the room eve

6、ry day.作定語(yǔ) 不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：I have a lot of work to do. 作狀語(yǔ) to only to (卻), in order to, so as to, (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【7】先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.先行

7、詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時(shí)，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【8】Which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞,也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.

8、it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【9】“of + which/whom”可用來(lái)限定名詞、代詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D.

9、to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【10】as/which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句（1）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句居句首時(shí)。As we all know, the earth is round. She has been late again, as was expected.（2）如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用wh

10、ich作主語(yǔ)。 Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.（3）當(dāng)與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。Such books as you tell me are interesting.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【11】分詞的否定式not + 分詞Not having received his letter, he decidedto call him.Not knowing his address, she cannot getin touch with him.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【12】分詞作作賓語(yǔ)

11、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，要看分詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。若為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞；若為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞。When I went into the classroom, I saw all the classmates writing composition according to what the teacher said.He had his leg injured in the basketball match yesterday.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講【13】 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。Walking through the park, the f

12、lowers looked very beautiful.（wrong）Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.（right）Standing on the tower , the whole village could be seen. (wrong)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole village. (right)Seen from the tower, the village looks very beautiful.Compared with the business

13、card, the electronic dictionary is a little bigger. 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講14主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省),whether; 代詞有who, what ,which;副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后.連接詞that在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略. whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,但if不能. whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.如

14、:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講15whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 但: (1).當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if. 例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.

15、 (2).介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講16表語(yǔ)從句The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.表語(yǔ)從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).不要使用 The reason is because that 句型,應(yīng)使用

16、The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂? 誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That

17、was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講17同位語(yǔ)從句 在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用.一般放在名詞 idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, order, suggestion, proof, message, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word等之后,用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that ; 1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea t

18、hat they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講18whether與if均為“是否”但下列情況下只用whether ： 1. whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句The question is whether hell come. 3. whet

19、her從句作介詞賓語(yǔ) Im not sure about whether well win.4. 從句后緊跟“or not”或 “to” Whether you like it or not, you ll have to do it. 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講19If I + V-ed, I would .結(jié)構(gòu)If過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞，主詞過(guò)去式助動(dòng)詞（wouldshould 等）原形動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明這是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)句型。if 中的，不論為第幾人稱，一律用 were，were 可置于主詞前面，而省略 if。 If I knew his address, I could write to hi

20、m. 如果我知道他的住址，我會(huì)寫信給他。 If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有時(shí)間，我可能會(huì)去看他。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講20If I had V-ed, I would have .結(jié)構(gòu)Ifhad過(guò)去分詞，主詞wouldshould 等have過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)看見(jiàn)他，我會(huì)告訴他實(shí)情。 I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

21、如果當(dāng)時(shí)我能有多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我就能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講21If I had V-ed, I would .結(jié)構(gòu)Ifhad過(guò)去分詞，主詞wouldshould 等原形動(dòng)詞nowtoday說(shuō)明這是不一致時(shí)的假設(shè)，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.如果他年輕時(shí)多努力一點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在就能過(guò)得舒服些。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講22If I should ., I would.結(jié)構(gòu)Ifshould，wouldshould等原形動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明這是表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if

22、要用 should，譯成“萬(wàn)一”。 If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 萬(wàn)一他來(lái)，我會(huì)把真相告訴他。If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 萬(wàn)一下雨，我們的計(jì)劃就泡湯了。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講23If I were to ., I .結(jié)構(gòu)Ifwere to，wouldshould 等原形動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明這也是表示與未來(lái)狀況相反的假設(shè)，與“if . should, .”大致相同，但“if . were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“與真理相反”的。 If the sun w

23、ere to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講24If it were not for .結(jié)構(gòu)if it were not for名詞子句，主詞wouldshould 等原形動(dòng)詞But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我會(huì)失敗的。Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的幫助，我就不能完成這件工作2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講25If it had not been fo

24、r .結(jié)構(gòu)if it had not been for名詞子句，主詞wouldshould 等原形動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明此句型意為“若非（有）”。此類句構(gòu)專門用于表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒(méi)有他的幫忙，我應(yīng)該已經(jīng)失敗。Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的向?qū)?，我可能就在山中迷路了?2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講26demand/insist that .結(jié)構(gòu)主詞

25、1意志動(dòng)詞（demandinsist 等）（that）主詞2（should）原形動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明意志有四類：建議（suggest， mend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），規(guī)定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其后接 that-時(shí)，該里的要用原形或“should”。美式英語(yǔ)通常省略 should。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講27It is proper . that .該句型表示“當(dāng)然、應(yīng)該、必要、適當(dāng)”

26、之意 結(jié)構(gòu)It is意志形容詞（important 等）（that）主詞（should）原形動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明意志包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable， mendable，proper 等。that-中只能用 should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講28If only + V-ed結(jié)構(gòu)If only過(guò)去式過(guò)去完成式說(shuō)明此句型意為“要是就好了?！庇眠^(guò)去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反；若用，則表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。 If only I had a rich

27、 father. 要是我有個(gè)有錢的爸爸就好了。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講29虛擬語(yǔ)氣在it is time that句型中的應(yīng)用該句型表示早該做而未做的事情。其表達(dá)形式為：It is time + (that)+（從句）主語(yǔ) + were或過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞It is about timeIt is high time -I think its time (that) they stopped this practice.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講30虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在would rather (sooner)后的that從句該句型表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。 -I would rather th

28、ey came tomorrow. -I could go myself but I would sooner you went.（我自己也能去，但我寧愿你去。）2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講31過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 典型例題 1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

29、 A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2）Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講32分詞作狀語(yǔ)As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.- Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于沒(méi)有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。 If

30、more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.- Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 假如多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講33選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。Using the book, I fin

31、d it useful. 在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講34分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后，如： I found my car missing.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見(jiàn)了。 Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講35分詞作插入語(yǔ)其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)talking of (speaking of) 說(shuō)道 strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)judging from 從判斷 all things conside

32、red 從整體來(lái)看taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái)Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的動(dòng)作)2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講36分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例題_ a reply, he

33、decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講37獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)

34、構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。舉例：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。如果不會(huì)判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即可。This done, we went home.工作完成后，我們才回家。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

35、考前串講38With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ) 典型例題The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)常常用with來(lái)引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞手與分詞綁是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞，選D.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講

36、39不定式的否定形式The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 該題應(yīng)該用結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not 應(yīng)放在to之前。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講40不定式的時(shí)態(tài)I would love _ to the party last night but I had to wor

37、k extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have goneRobert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講41過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

38、A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose1.該題考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。動(dòng)詞-ing或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是主語(yǔ) 2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法， A. Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的語(yǔ)境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講42過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played

39、 C. first playing D. to be first playing過(guò)去 分詞做定語(yǔ)與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作以完成。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。 不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以A是正確的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講43ing 形式在句子中作狀語(yǔ)的用法European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the w

40、orld. A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeMaking it the popular sport in the world為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，這類分詞短語(yǔ)常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如： His parents died, leaving him an orphan. He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前串講44過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out該題考查過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。The plan 與carry out 的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。See sth.done 這結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的還有watch(notice, observe,have 和m