主語從句詳解及練習(xí)附答案

1、語法要點(diǎn)剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,f(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why1.主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。

2、that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕常用形式主語t代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：(1

3、)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)It+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that2.賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從

4、句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、

5、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops（should）setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊

6、疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有

7、“ornot時(shí)；e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）hestudiedEnglishlastterm.（從句用一般過去時(shí)）Iknow（that）hewillstudyEnglishnextyear

8、.（從句用一般將來時(shí)）hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmericathink,believe,imagine,suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。Ido

9、ntbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。3.表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用asf引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Therea

10、sonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning選擇：1.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idontknow.”fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom2.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.be

11、causeIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettinga

12、longItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.C.whicheverD.wheneverB.whatwrongwasD.whattroubleitisC.ofthatD.thatwhatA.howeverB.whateverHeaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleC.whatwasthematterIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatIwonderhowmuchA.doesthewatchcostdidthewatchcostthewatchcostedthe

13、watchcostsMaryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforIdontdoubthellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether13.“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang”“Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitsurprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevenco

14、uldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That.whatB.What.thatC.That.whichD.What.whichwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If.doB.That.doC.If.doesD.That.doesOneofthemenheldtheviewA.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhich17.Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.that18.“Doyouknow“Hisfatherisadoctor.”A.whatishisfatherC.whathi

15、sfatheristhebooksaidwasright.D.whichthatC.whetherD.whichwhoishisfatherD.whohisfatherisTheydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whetherSheasked.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupwhensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoingIts

16、uncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.howTheywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayitwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfortheboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Whichwecantgetseemsbetterthanwehave.D.That,whatD.WhetherA.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,tha

17、tyoudontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.Thatwellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Wherehereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhythatD.IfwhatisgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Whowellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthet

18、ime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.Thatthehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whathewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Thisyoucomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whethermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybodyteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpubliccon

19、cern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.HowTheproblemiswillgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whothatishelikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howthatisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whyWhatImconsideringnowthemoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.wasCanyoutellmeA.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentlemanWeshouldthinkcarefullyaboutMr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.wh