深圳八年上學(xué)期英語第一課知識點匯總

1、深圳八年上學(xué)期英語第一課知識點匯總第一天1.useful ju:sful adj. 有用的，有益的；有幫助的常在句中作表語、定語useful前使用不定冠詞只能用a，不能用an，因為它的發(fā)音以輔音因素開頭以-ful結(jié)尾的形容詞的反義詞多以相應(yīng)的-less結(jié)尾的形容詞例：uesful（有用的）-useless（無用的） careful（細心的）-careless（粗心的） helpful（有幫助的）-helpless（徒勞的）2. painter 可數(shù)名詞，意為“畫家，圖畫者”由動詞 paint +er有的動詞加后綴-er，有的動詞加后綴-or構(gòu)成名詞例：teach-teacher；sing-si

2、nger；read-reader；visit-visitor； invent-inventor動詞加后綴-er或-or，變成的名詞多指男性，若指女性則要加后綴-ress例：actor-actress； waiter-waiteress tailorteil -tailoress author: -authoress3. cook 名詞:廚師；動詞：烹調(diào)，煮，燒拓展：cooker 名詞：炊具4. look up 意為“查閱，查詢，仰視，向上看”，加代詞放在look后面，up前面例：Look it up.查閱一下拓展：與look相關(guān)的短語look around 向四周看look out 向外看，當(dāng)

3、心look like 看起來像look the same 看起來相同look forward 盼望5. pick up 撿起clean up 打掃干凈give up 放棄6.be born in/on的用法be born意為“出生”其后面接地點或時間狀語。接地點名詞用介詞in，接時間名詞時用介詞on或in例：I was born in BeiJing.具體到某一天用on例：I was born in 1980.出生于某年某月用in例：I was born on May3,1973.7. show（1）出示、展示、顯露、路出例：He showed his photo to me./He show

4、ed me his photo（2）流露，表示，表現(xiàn)例：He showed great interest in science when he was young.（3）教、告訴、說明、指點例：She showed me the way on the map.8.ability 能力、才能能力：不可數(shù)名詞才能：可數(shù)名詞abilities固定短語：have the ability to do sth有能力做某事9. intelligence才智、智慧記憶： in + tell +igencen.無復(fù)數(shù)形式an intelligence test智力測驗10. be famous for 和be

5、famous as的區(qū)別famous for意為“因而聞名”例：HangZhou is famous for the West Lake.be famous as 意為“作為而著名”例：He is famous as a singer.most famous是famous最高級，意為“最著名的”，最高級前一般加定冠詞the第二天2.drawing/picture/painting的區(qū)別drawing 指素描、線條畫、鉛筆畫、鋼筆畫picture 指圖片、圖畫、照片等，指照片時，與photo意義相同painting指著色的水彩畫、油畫include/including/included包含包括i

6、nclude 包含、包括 vtincluding包含、包括 介詞included包括在內(nèi)的，常用于名詞、代詞之后，它和including引起的短語含義相同，但在句中的詞序位置不同me included/ including me3. more than 超過、多余，其反義詞為less than 意為“少于”more than+數(shù)詞 超過、多余，相當(dāng)于overno more than（=only）僅僅；not more than 不少于、不超過 5.everywhere/nowhere/anywhere/somewhere的區(qū)別4. million意為“百萬”,與具體的數(shù)字連用時,不加S,后面直

7、接加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,millions of 意為“數(shù)百萬的”，其后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不與具體數(shù)字連用，另外，hundred，thousand和million的用法相同例：millions of people/two thousand students記憶：數(shù)字清時無S和of；數(shù)字模糊時s和of 后面跟everywhere到處用于肯定句nowhere沒有一處表示否定的含義anywhere任何地方多用于否定句和疑問句somewhere某個地方用于肯定句7.even 意為“甚至”，主要用于加強語氣。修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級例：The boy is even taller than his father. E

8、ven he doesnt know the secret.6. asas意為“與一樣”，當(dāng)兩個比較對象在某個方面相同時，用“as+形容詞/副詞原形+as”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示A與B一樣例：This trww is as tall as that one.拓展：比較兩個對象時，若一方不及另一方，則用“not+ as+形容詞/副詞原形+as”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“A不如B樣”例：Our school is not as big as yours.8. die out 意為“滅絕、消失”例：Why did they die out?例：He likes music. However, his wife doesnt.

9、 He likes music,but his wife doesnt.9. hower和but的區(qū)別however意為“然而”轉(zhuǎn)折的意味較弱可位于句首、句中或句末后面常用逗號隔開nowhere意為“但是”轉(zhuǎn)折的意味很強烈位于分句的句首后面不使用逗號9. nobody不定代詞，意為“沒有人”相當(dāng)于no one,nobady做主語時，位于動詞要用單數(shù)例： The was nobody in the room. Nobody knows about it.everybody每個人、人人somebody某人anybody任何人、無論誰第三天例：They are coming out of the m

10、eeting room 1. comg out of 意為“從出來，在之外”詞條含義詞條含義rush out of從沖出來look out of從向外看jump out of從跳出來take out of從取出來2. person/people/man的區(qū)別person指個別人，其復(fù)數(shù)指具體的數(shù)量多于1的人people集合名詞，通常為復(fù)數(shù)，泛指人、人們，一般不指具體的人man除指男人外，還泛指一般的人4.help sb.(to) do sth意為“幫助某人做某事”，help后做賓補的不定式帶to不帶to均可，有時與help sb. with sth.意思相同例：He often helps m

11、e(to)study English./He often helps with my Englishhelp oneself to 意為“隨便吃些”例：Help yourself some fish,children.cant help doing意為“禁不住做”例： She cant help laughting.3. used to do sth意為“過去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“現(xiàn)在已不做”之意，其中to是不定式符號，后面接動詞原形例：I used to go to that primary school.5.just like . 意為“正如、正像”，like此處用作介詞，意為“像”后

12、接名詞、代詞、動名詞例：Everyone would like a clean classroom，just like home. 7.remember to do sth. 與remember doing sth.區(qū)別6. something important意為“重要的事”，形容詞作定語修飾somethinganythingnothing等不定代詞時，要放在這些不定代詞的后面例：I have something important to tell you.例：Remember to post his letter. I remember posting his letter.rememb

13、er to do sth記得去做某事（此事還未做）remember doing sth.記得已做過某事（此事已做完）9.how long 意為“多長時間”“多長”，也可提問物體的長度例：How long did you stay there? How long is the river?how many +可數(shù)名詞how much +不可數(shù)名詞how often “多久一次”8. someothers 意為“一些，另一些”，others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部例：There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking an

14、d others are climbing the hill. some the others意為“一些，其余的”，others指剩下的全包含在內(nèi)的，其余的人或事物例：There are many children on the beach. Some can swim but the others cant.第四天2.find out意為“了解到，弄清，發(fā)現(xiàn)”例：Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question.find out，查明，找出，指通過觀察、探索等努力才查明結(jié)果find 發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到，強調(diào)結(jié)果look for 尋

15、找，強調(diào)動作例：I lost my pen. I have looked for it everywhere，but I cant find it.Could you help me find out who has found it?look after 照顧1. win 意為“贏得、獲勝”，及物動詞，后面所接的賓語一般是比賽、辯論或戰(zhàn)斗等名詞，win 也可做不及物動詞例：Who won the mans 400 meters race? We must win today. beat 意為“擊敗，打敗，勝過”，其后所接的賓語是參加比賽的人、團體例：li li beat jim and wo

16、n the first prize.4.There is not any body in the room.there be 表示存在，意為“某地有某物”，be動詞應(yīng)與緊跟其后的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。主語是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時用is 或 was，主語是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時用are或were。若there be 句型中有幾個并列的主語時，be動詞的形式通常要與其最近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致例：There is a pen and two books on the desk. There are two boys and a teacher over there.3. about和on的區(qū)別

17、“關(guān)于”about 用作介詞，意為“關(guān)于”例：I have a lot of books about animals.about指內(nèi)容較為普通不如on正式on常常暗示內(nèi)容是專門的、學(xué)術(shù)性的比about更為正式和書面化6.by 介詞，意為“在.旁邊，靠近”例：My house is by the river.5. above onover的區(qū)別意為“在上方”above“在上方”，表示兩者不接觸與below“在下面”相對on“在上”，指兩者接觸Beneath（在下）相對over在正上方，表示兩者垂直，但不接觸，也可指籠罩或覆蓋上面與under(在下）相對by乘“車、船”等Well go by bo

18、at.（指時間）不遲于You must be back by ten oclock at night（表示方法、手段等）用、靠He makes a living by selling vegetables.8.Its +形容詞+(for sb.)+to do sth. 是固定句型，意為“做某事（對于某人來說）是的，it是形式主語，沒有實際意義，真正的主語數(shù)后面的動詞不定式（短語），句中的sb.與不定式to do 之間存在主謂關(guān)系例： It s important for us to learn English.7. look like 意為“看起來像”，like 是介詞，后常接名詞或代詞例：S

19、he looks like his father. look at 看look for 尋找look after 照看9.a weak later.意為“一周后”“一段時間+later”，表示“之后”，常用于過去時態(tài)中例：Three days later he got to Beijing.第五天2.take picture of 意為“給拍照”，其中picture可用photos代替，也可用take a picture/photo of表達相同的含義例：We took a lot of pictures of the animals in the zoo.1. make sb. do sth

20、. 意為“使/讓某人做某事”，make是使役動詞，后跟不帶to的動詞不定式做賓補例：Who made Tom cry? 最常見的使役動詞有have/make/let和get，都表示“使，讓”之意，其后都可跟復(fù)合賓語，但 have/make/let，后用動詞不定式做賓補時不帶to，而get后用動詞不定式做賓補時帶to例：I will have/make/let him go instead of me.= I will get him to go instead of me.3.through介詞，意為“通過、透過，穿過”，強調(diào)從物體內(nèi)部穿過例：Light comes in through th

21、e window.4.consist of 意為“由組成，包括”例：Our team consists of 10 members.5.a number of 意為“許多”，其后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，并可在number前加great，large等形容詞來修飾，以加強語氣例：I have a large number of letters to write.A number of意為“許多”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，整個結(jié)構(gòu)的中心詞是后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故其后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式the number of意為“的數(shù)量”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，整個結(jié)構(gòu)的中心詞是number，故其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形

22、式例：The number of the students in our school is rising year by rmation 不可數(shù)名詞，意為“信息，情報，資料”，通常指通過閱讀、觀察、調(diào)查，學(xué)習(xí)、研究等方法所收集到的信息例：I often go to the library to look for some information.7.work （1）做不及物動詞，意為“工作，勞動”例：He works hard.（2）做及物動詞，意為“使工作，使干活”例：He works himself too hard.work for 意為“為工作”還包含“在上班/

23、就業(yè)/任職”例：He is working for our school.work as意為“當(dāng).”后跟職業(yè)例:He works as a doctor in the hospital.work out 意為“做出來，算出來”代詞賓語要放在中間例：Can you work out this maths problem.8.next to 意為“在旁邊，緊挨著”，后面常接表示場所、順序等的詞例：Our house is next to the park.9.英語有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞的構(gòu)成為be+及物動詞

24、過去分詞例：Many people speak English.(主動語態(tài)） English is spoken by many people.(被動語態(tài)）第六天1.teachers是名詞所有格形式，意為“老師的”所有格表示所有關(guān)系，修飾另一個名詞，做定語。它有兩種形式：一種是由名詞詞尾加s 構(gòu)成，另一種是由“介詞of+名詞”構(gòu)成。前者多用來表示有生命的東西，后者多用來表示無生命的東西單詞形式構(gòu)成方法舉例普通單數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加smy fathers friend詞尾已有-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾只加Students room詞尾不帶-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾直接加sChildrens Day 表示幾個人

25、共有的所有關(guān)系在最后一個詞尾加sJane and Marys room表示幾個人各自的所有關(guān)系在每個詞尾加sJanes and Marys room2.復(fù)合不定代詞，someoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomething anythingnothingeverythingsomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody一般來說，由some 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞則往往用于否定句或疑問句中由some 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞有時也可用于疑問句中，用來表示請求、建議的等語句例：Would you like something to

26、 drink?復(fù)合不定代詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式例:Somebody wants to see you.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something/anything/everything/nothing等時，要放在不定代詞后面3.learn about意為“獲悉，得知，了解到”，about是介詞，后接名詞、代詞做賓語，about 也可用of代替例：We re all sorry to learn about her illness.4.listen to意為“聽”后接名詞，代詞例：listen to the radio5.more than 后接數(shù)詞，表示超出該數(shù)，意為“超過，多于”，相當(dāng)

27、于over例：He has been ill for more than two weeks.6. know about意為“了解、獲悉、知道關(guān)于的情況”know about+名詞、代詞做賓語例：I know nothing about her.know of意為“了解”,有時可以與know about互換，但know of強調(diào)聽說過、知道，但不一定了解7.maybe/perhaps/possibly/probably可能區(qū)別maybe 副詞 或許、大概-非正式場合，語氣比perhaps輕，常用口語例：Maybe they will let me go.perhaps 副詞可能、也許（也許如此

28、，也許不如此，一般小于一半可能性，含有不大可能意味）例：But perhaps they dont know that yet.possibly副詞 可能、也許（可能性較大、用于否定句中表示無論如何之意例：Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but possibly protect against heart attack.Probably 副詞 很可能、大概（可能性最大，幾乎完全可定之意例：This is probably the best vacation Ive ever hard.8. look up 意為“ 查找” 副詞短語look

29、 up+名詞、代詞做賓語，如果代詞做賓語，則放在look與up之間，且不能把表示書或詞典的名詞作為該短語的賓語，而應(yīng)在其后加介詞in ,再接表示書或詞典的名詞如：please look it up in a dictionary.9.for example意為“ 例如”，插入語，可放在句首、句中和句尾，但常用逗號隔開例：We feed many animals , for example, cows ,pigs, etc.10. on Earth 在地球上，在世界上，固定短語on earth 究竟，副詞詞性，一般用于who、what、when、why、how等疑問詞后加強語氣。如：Where

30、on earth have you been just now?剛才你究竟到哪兒去了？第七天connect to意為“把與連接起來，使與相關(guān)聯(lián)”例：Connect the hose to the tap and turn on the tap right away.2. one day 某一天、總有一天，時間副詞3. else 別的、其它的，通常修飾不定代詞something anything everything nothing someone everyone等、疑問代詞what who which等、疑問副詞when where等，用在這些詞之后例如：Who else did you s

31、ee?你還看得見別人嗎4.find out 查明、發(fā)現(xiàn)、弄清（強調(diào)經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究、或仔細搜尋而得出的真相或結(jié)論）例：We shall find out the truth early or late.look for 尋找，著重找的過程例：I looked for my cat, but I didnt find it.5.for example和such as 區(qū)別（例如）for example 一般只列舉同類人或事物中的一個為例，做插入語，可放在句首、句中、句末，一般用逗號隔開。such as一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個為例，插在被列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號。例如：For example, I will help you with your study I know many of them. such as Mike, Tom and Bill6. would like sth 想要某物