2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)層級(jí)化晉級(jí)寫作層級(jí)二詞靚句高贏高分四吸引眼球的定語從句講義

1、2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)層級(jí)化晉級(jí)寫作層級(jí)二詞靚句高贏高分 四吸引眼球的定語從句講義定語從句的正確使用能夠比較明顯地反映出考生對于語言具有較高的掌握能力，所以建議考生一定要在寫作中至少使用一個(gè)恰到好處的定語從句。一、定語從句的類型關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引導(dǎo)的定語從句是寫作的一大重點(diǎn)，尤其是which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在高考范文中更是屢見不鮮。Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interestedin playingtab

2、le tenn is.（xx全國卷川書面表達(dá) ）第二，你會(huì)交到一些好朋友，他們也很喜歡打乒乓球。What I want to stress is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13thNational Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.（xx天津高考書面表達(dá)）我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我已成為八月底將在天津舉辦的第十三屆全運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者。As the old saying goes, “ Practice makes perfect. ”常言道：“熟能生巧。”關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)

3、的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句是指whe n, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。Weare to meet on Sun day morni ng in the People s Park, where the air is freshand the scenery is beautiful.我們將于星期天上午在人民公園見面，那里空氣新鮮，風(fēng)景美麗。I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure ofstudy.（xx 安徽高考滿分作文）我認(rèn)為你總是發(fā)脾氣的原因可能是學(xué)習(xí)上的巨大壓力。“介詞+ w

4、hich/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句Material collecti ng took us a whole week,duri ng whichwe in terviewed ourteacher s and took pictures of every aspect of school life.（xx北京高考書面表達(dá)）搜集材料花了我們整整一周的時(shí)間，在此期間我們采訪了老師并拍攝了學(xué)校生活的各個(gè)方面。即時(shí)演練用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空（xx 浙江高考應(yīng)用文寫作）Our scienee teacher will serve as our guide, who isexpected to tell us

5、someth ing in terest ing about the Tia ntai Shan.（xx 天津高考單選 ）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better. （xx 福建高考滿分作文）Only those who spare no effort to confront problemscan achieve what they long for.During holiday seas on s, I will live in the coun tryside

6、, where air is freshand people are frien dly.English is a Ianguage shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differe ntly.二、定語從句的寫法定語從句是比較難掌握而又是考生在寫作中喜歡嘗試的復(fù)雜句，在寫作時(shí)可采用“三步法”：第三步J把另一個(gè)簡簞句改成立語從句.要特別注鳶 關(guān)索詞的選掙.第二步在一個(gè)的厚句中找出一處要修怖的詞匯，這 個(gè)訶在兩個(gè)簡單句中都要仃示例第一步：寫出兩個(gè)簡單句。The foreig ner is from Can ada.H

7、e visited our class yesterday.第二步：在句中找出一處要修飾的詞匯：the foreig ner 。第三步：用句充當(dāng)定語從句，the foreigner為先行詞指人，句中的代詞he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主語，故用who或that作關(guān)系詞。The foreig ner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Can ada.即時(shí)演練用定語從句將下列每組簡單句合并為一個(gè)復(fù)合句This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.t This

8、_is_the_best_method_that_ca n_be_used_aga in st_polluti on.I ve always Ionged for the days. I will be able to be independent then.t i ve_always_longed_for_the_days_when_l_willbe_able_to_be_independent.I will go on a trip to Sichuan. There are a great number of places of interest in Sichua n.ti will

9、go on a trip to Sichuan, where there are a great number of places of in terest.I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.t l_have_a_frie nd_whose_Through the course of myschooli ng, I met man yteachers. Two of them in flue need me greatly.t Through_the_course_of_my_schooli ng,_l_met_ma ny_teachers,

10、_two_of_who mnfluen ced_me_greatly.三、定語從句的常用句型 TOC o 1-5 h z As we all know ./As is known to all .眾所周知”As we all kno w/As is known to all,the moon travels round the earth once everymon th.眾所周知，月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈。 As sb. puts it .按照某人所說的”As he often puts it,university education determines one s future.按照他常說的

11、，大學(xué)教育決定一個(gè)人的命運(yùn)。 such . as . 像這樣的；諸如此類的”We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。 the same . as ./the same as .像一樣的”Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as she had always been. 她對他的方式和態(tài)度與以前完全一樣。 one of the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句中的一個(gè)”As far as I know, your si

12、ster isone of the stude nts who have passed the exam.據(jù)我所知，你妹妹是通過考試的學(xué)生之一。 the only one of the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句中唯一的一個(gè)”Mr. Gree n was the only one of the workers thatwas in vited to Beiji ng.格林先生是這些工人中唯一一個(gè)被邀請去北京的人。即時(shí)演練補(bǔ)全句子（xx 福建高考滿分作文）我們大家都知道，這幅畫講述的是古代中國的一個(gè)故事。As we all know, the picture tells a story of ancie

13、nt China.那些對世界做出重大貢獻(xiàn)的人應(yīng)受到極大的尊重。Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatlyrespected.長城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。The Great Wall is oneof the world-famous _buildings_that_attract lots ofvisitors.四、定語從句寫作時(shí)需避免的幾種情況1 誤用關(guān)系詞誤：I live in Beiji ng, 正：I live in Beijing,誤：I have a friend,

14、正: I have a friend,2 句子成分殘缺whose n ame is Liu Mei.where is the capital of Ch ina. which is the capital of China, who s n ame is Liu Mei.誤： There were many students took part in the English petition.正: There were many studentswho took part in the English petition.誤： The last one leaves the classroom

15、please close the windows.正: The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows.有多余的代詞或副詞誤： As can be seen from the picture,that a sad boy stands between his angrypare nts.正: As can be seen from the picture, a sad boy stands between his angry parents.誤：Last week, I returned to the village

16、 where I grew up there in my childhood. 正: Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.混淆定語從句與并列句誤：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm topeople s health.正: In fact, smoking is a bad habit,which/and itdoes great harm to peoples health.誤： His pare nts told him

17、many times not to play beside the river, it did nt help.正: His parentstold him many times not to play beside the river, which/but itdidn t help.即時(shí)演練單句改錯(cuò)There are three people in my family and I m the only one child, who is verymon in Ch in ese families.wh尸 whichTravelling abroad, you should follow t

18、he customs of the country where youare visit ing.去掉 where 或 wherewhich/thatRemember, you can take the con test inChina Daily n ewspaper, that is verypopular among high school students.that whichDon t read in the sun.不要在陽光下看書。I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitarsto

19、re. that whichWhen you read the book, you d better make a mark that you have a questio n.t hat whereOn the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.themi which The couple will fly to France for theirhoneymoon on their first stop, whichthey plan to stay for three days.wh

20、ich where 或在 which 前力口 inI gave that boy so difficult a math problem which he couldn t work out. which tas2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)步驟化寫作增分第一步過詞匯關(guān)第一講詞匯如何寫對講義編寫說明創(chuàng)設(shè)4步增分方案：過詞匯關(guān)t過句子關(guān)t過段落關(guān)t過篇章關(guān)，每關(guān)又按“先寫對t再寫美”兩層級(jí)設(shè)置課時(shí)。由詞組句、連句成段、由段成篇，循序漸進(jìn)，步步 為營步步贏；先寫對，再寫美，符合一般考生的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)際， 保住基本分，才能得高分。第一步過詞匯關(guān)第一講詞匯如何寫對詞匯是語言的建筑材料，我們說話、寫文

21、章都離不開詞匯。只有準(zhǔn)確選詞，文章才能優(yōu)美。所以，要想寫好文章，首先應(yīng)從詞匯著手。一、準(zhǔn)確選詞的兩個(gè)原則規(guī)范所謂規(guī)范是指所選的詞語應(yīng)是合乎習(xí)慣的、現(xiàn)代的、通用的。語言是交流的工具， 我們只有選用那些合乎習(xí)慣的、現(xiàn)代的、通用的詞語，人們才會(huì)覺得順耳，否則就會(huì)顯得生硬、難懂。如：We rise early every day.我們每天很早起床。這里的 rise雖也有“起床”的含義，但很正式，生活中不常用。不如改為get up更為通俗易懂。又如，漢語中表示“看書” “看電視”“看黑板”等都用到一個(gè)“看”字，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)字在漢語中通用。如果英語中我們都用read或see或watch或look at等來表達(dá)

22、這些“看”， 則不符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣， 因此就是錯(cuò)誤的。例如：Let s go to see the movies. 我們?nèi)タ措娪鞍?。Look at the blackboard, please. 請看黑板。How many children likewatching TV?有多少孩子喜歡看電視？貼切所謂貼切是指詞義所表示的內(nèi)容能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)思想，這就要求寫作者應(yīng)透徹地掌握每個(gè)詞語的確切含義。在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)，我們尤其要注意那些同義詞和多義詞，使用不當(dāng)就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。 例如：他長得很高?！庇⒄Z是 He is very tall. 如果將tall誤譯為high則會(huì)使人理解 為“他離地面很高”。當(dāng)然這里只列舉了

23、詞義間的差別。在行文中用詞貼切，還應(yīng)注意語境和通篇的語體，使每個(gè)詞在上下文中都自然和諧。二、用詞不當(dāng)常見的九種錯(cuò)誤1詞性混用例1誤She enjoys study En glish.正She enjoys En glish study.She enjoys study ing En glish.例2誤Can you un dersta nd my speak?正Can you un dersta nd my speak in g/words?Can you understand me ?例3誤When you through the valley, you may see a big pine

24、 tree.正Whenyou go through the valley, you may see a big pine tree.2.代詞指代不明例誤She told my sister that she had passed the exam.正She told my sister that my sister had passed the exam.She had passed the exam and told this to my sister.3介詞誤用例1誤In my surprise, he got the first prize.正To my surprise, he got

25、 the first prize.例2誤He came here to atte nd the meet ing incar.正He came here to atte nd the meet ing bycar.例3誤He was hurt on his right foot.正He was hurt in his right foot.4 冠詞誤用例1誤!We elected Li Hua the mon itor of our class.正We elected Li Hua mon itor of our class.例2誤!Once upon a time, there was an

26、 one-eyed king.正Once upon a time, there was a one-eyed king.5.動(dòng)詞誤用例1誤!I forgot my keys in the car.正I left my keys in the car.例2誤It s going to rain. Bring a rain coat withLyou.正It s going to rain. Take a rain coat with you.6 誤把不可數(shù)名詞用作可數(shù)名詞例1誤Workers have many in terests in the new mach ine.正Workers ha

27、ve much in terest i n the new mach ine.例誤It is such a nice weather.2正It is such nice weather.7.誤把可數(shù)名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞例1誤There is always traffic jam.正There is always a trafficjam.例2誤Let s go out for walk.正Let s go out for a walk.&數(shù)詞用法錯(cuò)誤例1誤There are several hun dreds people in thehall.正There are several hun dr

28、ed people in thehall.例2誤Thousa nd of stude nts are pla nti ng trees inthe hill.正Thousands of students are plantingtrees inthe hill.例3誤More than five hundreds of taxi drivers are on strike.正More tha n five hun dred taxi drivers are on strike.9習(xí)慣用法錯(cuò)誤例1誤The actor in this movie is very beautiful.正The ac

29、tor in this movie is very han dsome.例2誤I and my pare nts are work ing in the field.正My pare nts and I are work ing in the field.例3誤The reason is because he does not know what to don ext.正The reas on is that he does not know what to don ext.三、用詞的四大注意事項(xiàng)1 避免用漢語思維生造中國式英語中英詞匯意義差別許多學(xué)生由于不知道或不熟悉或一時(shí)想不起書面表達(dá)中所

30、需要的詞匯，便用他們自己所熟悉的英語單詞，借助漢語思維生造出令人啼笑皆非、五花八門、中國式的英語。例如：將今天早上” (this morning) 說成是 today morning ;將 一天早上” (one morning) 說成 one day morning ;將跳水” (di ve)說成 jump water ；將學(xué)費(fèi)” (fee)說成 study money。選詞的誤區(qū)當(dāng)學(xué)生們要表達(dá)“我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化”時(shí)，大部分學(xué)生寫成：My hometown has a large change.My hometown has a great change.很顯然，以上例句中的 larg

31、e 和 great 是受漢語思維影響而產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該改為：My hometown has changed a lot.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.有些學(xué)生將“我的家鄉(xiāng)變得更加美麗”寫成：My hometown has changed more beautiful.殊不知 change 一詞并非系動(dòng)詞，其后不能跟表語，應(yīng)改為：My hometown has bee/turned more beautiful.2避免不理解而盲目選詞 由于對英語詞匯理解不透，往往造成詞匯上的用法錯(cuò)誤，主要表現(xiàn)為：畫蛇添足運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，當(dāng)他飛速?zèng)_刺時(shí)，我們

32、都為他加油。At the sports meet, we cheered him on when he dashed quickly.本句中動(dòng)詞 dash 本身就是“急奔；猛沖” (to go somewhere very quickly and/or suddenly) 的意思，再加上 quickly ，顯然是累贅多余的。詞性使用混亂做兼職工作總是影響學(xué)習(xí)。Doing a part-time job always effects study.本句中 effect 和另一個(gè)詞 affect 都有“影響”的意思，但前者是名詞，后者是動(dòng)詞。 該句應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞 affect 作謂語。 在英語中， 由于

33、詞性不同， 單詞所起的語法功能也就不同。 學(xué)生在英文寫作時(shí)往往把名詞和動(dòng)詞等混為一談。動(dòng)態(tài)、狀態(tài)不分我們結(jié)婚兩年了。We married for two years.本句中 marry 是一個(gè)非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞， 此處表示動(dòng)作， 不能與一段時(shí)間連用。 我們可以 說：We have been married for two years.3英文有而漢語沒有的變化英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的曲折變化在漢語里沒有相應(yīng)的形式。他爸爸想去美國，可是沒成功。誤 His father wanted to go to America but fail.正 His father wanted to go to America but failed.英語名詞復(fù)數(shù)的曲折變化在漢語里沒有相應(yīng)的形式。老師給了我許多有益的勸告。誤 The teacher gave me many good advices.正 The teacher gave me many pieces of good advice.代詞的曲折變化最常見的錯(cuò)誤是該用賓格的地方用主格。 中國學(xué)生常常忽略 he 與 him, she 與 her 的區(qū) 別，因?yàn)闈h語里沒有這種區(qū)別。如：這件事是我做的。誤 It is me tha