加拿大奶牛肉牛酮病

1、酮病Ketosis in Dairy CattlePrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt病因/發(fā)病機理 Cause & Pathogenesis泌乳牛代謝病，體重下降、異食僻、食欲差、奶產(chǎn)量下降、神經(jīng)官能異常Ketosis is a metabolic disease of lactating cows characterized by weight loss, pica, decreased appetite, decreased milk production and neurological abnormalities通常在產(chǎn)后六周出現(xiàn)It generally occur

2、s in the first six weeks of lactation. 血液和組織伴有大量酮體：-羥基丁酸、乙酰乙酸、丙酮It is characterized by an accumulation in the blood and tissues of large quantities of Ketone bodies: B-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid and acetone. 酮體是肝內(nèi)脂肪正常代謝產(chǎn)物Ketone bodies are normal products of the metabolism of fat in the li

3、ver.攝入不充足能量形成的能量負(fù)平衡導(dǎo)致酮體產(chǎn)量增加Negative energy balance caused by inadequate energy intake leading to increased production of Ketone bodies伴有血糖過低. It is accompanied by hypoglycemia危險因素Risk factors低能量攝入Low energy intake高蛋白攝入High protein intake青貯料過多（丁酸是前體物）Excessive silage (butyric acid is precursor to for

4、mation of Ketone bodies)奶牛過肥Over fat cows缺乏運動Lack of exercise繼發(fā)性酮病Concurrent disease limiting feed intake can lead to secondary ketosis子宮炎、乳腺炎、乳牛熱、跛行、皺胃移胃Metritis, Mastitis, Milk Fever, Lameness, Displaced Abomasum臨床癥狀Clinical Findings消耗性綜合癥Wasting Syndrome漸進(jìn)性發(fā)作Onset is usually gradual早期為飼料攝入輕微降低Ear

5、ly signs are a slight decrease in feed intake 奶產(chǎn)量下降Drop in milk 精神萎靡Lethargy糞表面有堅固粘液膜Firm mucous covered feces體重下降Weight loss異食僻Pica弓背Humped back posture奶牛和尿酮體檢測顯陽性Ketonuria and positive Rotheras test in milk呼出氣體有酮味Ketone smell on breath神經(jīng)癥狀Nervous syndrome突然發(fā)生Sudden onset 行為異常1-2小時1-2 hour episodes

6、 of bizarre behavior吼叫Bellowing轉(zhuǎn)圈Circling用頭抵壓Head pressing 徘徊Aimless wandering 食欲異常Abnormal appetite 共濟(jì)失調(diào)In coordination亞臨床酮病Sub-clinical ketosis僅吃粗料，不食精料Eat roughage but not concentrate體重下降Weight loss/condition loss奶產(chǎn)量下降Decreased milk yield酮尿Ketonuria低繁殖、卵巢功能紊亂、子宮內(nèi)膜炎Reduced fertility, ovarian dysfu

7、nction and endometritis鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis消瘦性綜合癥Wasting Syndrome肥牛綜合癥Fat cow syndrome移胃Displaced abomasum消化不良Indigestion (acidosis)創(chuàng)傷性網(wǎng)胃炎Hardware DiseasePylonephritis 神經(jīng)癥狀Nervous syndrome李斯特病Listeriosis 狂犬病Rabies 瘋牛病Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)肝腦病Hepatic encephalopathy實驗結(jié)果Laboratory

8、 Findings酮尿Ketonuria (80 1300 mg/dL)低血糖Hypoglycemia (20 40 mg/dL) N 45-75)牛奶酮體水平30 40 mg/dL（分升） Milk ketone levels (30 40 mg/dL)治療Treatment靜注50%葡萄糖500ml，24-48小時重復(fù)IV administration of 500 ml of 50% glucose repeat in 24-48 hrs.糖皮質(zhì)激素Glucocorticoids地塞米松20mg /隔天，兩次Dexamethasone 20 mg every 2nd day twice

9、Isoflupredone 20 mg every 2nd day twice丙烯乙二醇225ml一天兩次連用兩天，后225ml 一天一次Propylene glycol 225 ml twice a day for two days followed by 225 ml once a day預(yù)防Prevention & Control干奶期體況評分3.5-3.75 Cows in dry period should have a Body Condition Score of 3.5 3.75圍產(chǎn)期分群飼養(yǎng)，增加營養(yǎng)In the close up group, increase the plane of nutrition有問題場，限制青貯料攝入，在泌乳早期增加長干草采食In problem herds, limit the intake of silag