標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海用語

1、INTRODUCTIONTheseSMCPhavebeencompiled:-toassistinthegreatersafetyofnavigationandoftheconductofship,-tostandardizethelanguageusedincommunicationfornavigationatsea,inport-approaches,inwaterways,harboursandonboardvessels.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語用于：-提高航海和船舶操縱的安全性；-使海上航行、進(jìn)出港操縱、水道航行、港內(nèi)作業(yè)及船上業(yè)務(wù)的通信語言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。Thesephrasesarenotin

2、tendedtosupplantorcontradicttheInternationalRegulationsPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972orspeciallocalrulesorrecommendationsmadebyIMOconcerningshipsrouteing.NeitheraretheyintendedtosupersedetheInternationalCodeSignalsnortosupplantnormalradiotelephonepracticeassetoutintheITURegulations.這些語句不用作代替1972年國(guó)際海

3、上避碰規(guī)則、特殊規(guī)則以及國(guó)際海事組織對(duì)于船舶日常作業(yè)作出的建議，也不打算與這些規(guī)則相矛盾；這些語句不用作取代國(guó)際信號(hào)規(guī)則，也不用作代替國(guó)際電信聯(lián)盟規(guī)定的正常無線電話通信規(guī)則。TheseSMCPmeettherequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,andoftheSOLASConvention,1974,asrevised,regardingverbalcommunications;moreover,thephrasescoverthecommunicationrelevantsafetyaspectslaiddownintheseConve

4、ntions.Knowledge,understandingandthecompetencetousetheSMCParerequiredbytheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,forofficersinchargeofanavigationalwatchonvesselsof500grosstormore.Useofthecommunicationphrasesshouldbemadeasoftenaspossibleinpreferencotherwordingofsimilarmeaning,andtheyshouldbepartofinstructioni

5、nmaritimeeducaandtraining.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語符合經(jīng)修正的1978年海員培訓(xùn)、發(fā)證和值班標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國(guó)際公約、經(jīng)修正的1974年國(guó)際海上人命安全公約有關(guān)口語通信的要求；而且，這些用語也包括了上述兩個(gè)公約中有關(guān)安全事宜的通信。經(jīng)修正的1974年國(guó)際海上人命安全公約對(duì)于500總噸及以上船舶的值班駕駛員使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語的知識(shí)水平、理解能力和應(yīng)用能力作出了要求。在通信中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語的使用應(yīng)優(yōu)先于其它具有類似意義的措辭，而且這應(yīng)成為航海教育與培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容的一部分。Inthiswaytheyareintendedtobecomeanacceptablesafetylanguage,us

6、ingtheEnglilanguage,fortheverbalinterchangeofintelligencebetweenindividualsofallmaritimenonthemanyandvariedoccasionswhenprecisemeaningsandtranslationsareindoubt,increasinglyevidentundermodernconditionsatsea.ForthatpurposetheSMCPbuildonbaknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage,andtheyhavebeendraftedinasimplifi

7、edversionofmaritimeEnglishintentionallyreducinggrammatical,lexicalandidiomaticvarietiestoatolerableminimumandstandardizedstructuresforthesakeofthefunctionoftheSMCP,i.diminishingmisunderstandinginsafetyrelatedverbalcommunications.在現(xiàn)代航海生產(chǎn)中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語旨在當(dāng)表達(dá)和翻譯有異義時(shí)逐漸成為航運(yùn)國(guó)家所有人員之間口語通信中可接受的有關(guān)安全的英語語言。為此，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信

8、用語基于英語的基本知識(shí)，其起草中，將語法、詞匯和慣用法縮減到了可接受的最低水平，形成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說，在有關(guān)安全的口語通信中減少了有歧義的部分。TheaccompanyingCD/Cassettecouldbehelpfultofamiliarizewiththecorrectpronunciationofthephrases.附加的光盤和磁盤有助于熟悉這些用語的發(fā)音。Thetypographicalconventionsusedthroughoutmostofthiscommunicationphrasesarefollows:這些用語中使用的常用編排符號(hào)如下：()brackets括號(hào)i

9、ndicatethatthepartofthemessageenclosedwithinthebracketsmaybeaddedwhererelevant,ortheyencloseabriefexplanationoftheprecedingphrase;括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容是可添加的內(nèi)容，或是前述內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)單解釋；/obliquestroke斜線indicatesthattheitemsoneithersideofthestrokearealternatives;and,斜線表示其左右的內(nèi)容可供選擇；.dots三點(diǎn)線indicatethattherelevantinformationistobef

10、illedinwherethedotsoccurand.省略符表示在其出現(xiàn)處應(yīng)添加有關(guān)內(nèi)容。(italiclet斜體s)indicatethekindofinformationrequested.斜體表示所需的信息種類。PARTI-GENERAL總論1Procedure程序WhenitisnecessarytoindicatethattheSMCParetobeused,thefollowingmessagebesent:應(yīng)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語時(shí)應(yīng)用下述句子說明：PleaseuseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrasesIwilluseStandardMarineC

11、ommunicationPhrasesSpellingWheninexternalcommunicationspellingisnecessary,onlythefollowingspellingtabshouldbeused:在與船外進(jìn)行拼讀通信時(shí)，應(yīng)按下表的規(guī)定進(jìn)行拼讀：LetterCodeLetterCodeAAlfaNNovemberBBravoOOscarCCharliePPapaDDelta,QQuebecEEchoRRomeoFFoxtrotSSierraGGolfTTangoHHotelUUniformIIndiaVVictorJJulietWWhiskyKKiloXX-ray

12、LLimaYYankeeMMikeZZuluFigureCodeword0Nadazero1Unaone2Bissotwo3Terrathree4Kartefour5Pantafive6Soxisix7Setteseven8Oktoeight9NovenineFullstopStopDecimalpointDecimalMessageMarker語段標(biāo)識(shí)Inshore-to-shipandship-to-shorecommunicationorradiocommunicationingeneral,thfollowingeightMessageMarkersmaybeused(aAlpspol

13、isceaetionofMessageMarkersgiveninsection6VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrasesofPARTIII):在“船一岸”和“岸一船”通信中及一般的無線電通信中，可使用下述8個(gè)語段標(biāo)識(shí)。(另見第三部分第6節(jié)船舶交通管理(VTS)中“語段標(biāo)識(shí)的應(yīng)用”)(i)Instruetic指示(ii)Advice建議(iii)Warning警告(iv)Informatio#言息(v)Question問題(vi)Answer回答(vii)Request請(qǐng)求(viii)Intentio意圖Response回應(yīng)4.1Whentheanswe

14、rtoaquestionisintheaffirmative,say:Yes,-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作肯定回答，請(qǐng)用“Yes”，后接全句。4.2Whentheanswertoaquestionisinthenegative,say:No,.-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作否定回答，請(qǐng)用“No”，后接全句。4.3Whentheinformationrequestedisnotimmediatelyavailable,say:Standby-followedbythetimeintervalwi

15、thinwhichtheinformationwilavailable.若對(duì)方要求的信息不能立即得到，請(qǐng)用“Standb”，后停取得信息所需的時(shí)間。4.4Whentheinformationrequestedcannotbeobtained,say:Noinformation.若對(duì)方要求的信息無法得到，請(qǐng)用“Noinformatid”。4.5WhenanINSTRUCTION(e.g.byaVTS-Station,Navalvesselorotherfullyauthorizedpersonnel)oranADVICEisgiven,respondifintheaffirmative:Iwil

16、l/can.-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull;and,ifinthenegative,respond:Iwillnot/cannot.-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull.對(duì)于一項(xiàng)指示(如由交管站、海軍船舶或其他經(jīng)受權(quán)人員給出)或建議，若作肯定回答，請(qǐng)用“Iwill/ea”，后接指示或建議的全句；若作否定回答，請(qǐng)用“Iwillnot/eann”t后接指示或建議的全句。Example:ADVICE.Donotovertakevesselaheadofyou.Respond:Iwillnotovertakeve

17、sselaheadofme.Theresponsestoordersofspecialimportance,however,aregiveninwordininthephrasesconcerned.對(duì)于具有特殊重要意義的命令的回應(yīng)，在有關(guān)句中說明。Distress,urgencyandsafety遇險(xiǎn)，緊急和安全信號(hào)5.1MAYDAYistobeusedtoannounceadistress用作標(biāo)明遇險(xiǎn)電話通信；5.2PAN-PANistobeusedtoannounceanurgencym用作標(biāo)明緊急電話通信；5.3SCURITistobeusedtoannounceasafety用s作標(biāo)

18、明安全電話通信。Standardorganizationalphr標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語句6.1Howdoyouread?6.1.1Ireadyou.bad/onewithsignalstrengthone(i.e.barelyperceptible)poor/twowithsignalstrengthtwo(i.e.weak)fair/threewithsignalstrengththree(i.e.fairlygood)good/fourwithsignalstrengthfour(i.e.good)excellent/fiwviethsignalstrengthfive(i.e.verygood)6.2

19、WhenitisadvisabletoremainonaVHFchannel/frequencysay:若建議在VHF某一頻道或頻率上守聽，說：StandbyonVHFchannel./frequency.6.2.1WhenitisacceptedtoremainontheVHFchannel/frequencyindicated,say:若同意在某一指定的VHF頻道或頻率上守聽，說：StandingbyonVHFchannel./frequency.6.3WhenitisadvisabletochangetoanotherVHFchannel/frequency,say:若建議改用VHF的另

20、一頻道或頻率，說：”Advise(you)changetoVHFchannel./frequency.,Advise(you)tryVHFchannel./frequency.6.3.1WhenthechangingofaVHFchannel/frequencyisaccepted,say:若同意改用VHF的另一頻道或頻率，說：ChangingtoVHFchannel./frequency.Correction修正Whenamistakeismadeinamessage,say:Mistake.-followedbytheword:Correction.plusthecorrectedpart

21、ofthemessage.若通信語句發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，說：Mistake.，后接Correction，再加改正的語句部分。Example:Mypresentspeed14knots-mistake.Correction,mypresentspeed12,one-two,knots.Readinei*妥Iam/Iamnotreadytoreceiveyourmessage.Repetiti重|復(fù)Ifanypartofthemessageareconsideredsufficientlyimportanttoneedsafeguarding,say:Repeat.-followedbythecorresp

22、ondingpartofthemessage.若語句的某部分特別重要而需要重復(fù)，說：Repeat.后接相應(yīng)語句部分。Example:Mydraft12.6repeatone-twodecimal6metres.Donotovertake-repeat-donotovertake.Whenamessageisnotproperlyheard,say:Sayagain(please).若某語句未聽清楚，說：Sayagain(please).Numbers數(shù)字Numbersaretobespokeninseparatedigits:數(shù)字應(yīng)分讀：One-five-zerofor150Twodecima

23、lfivefor2.5Note:Attention!Whenrudderanglese.g.inwheelordersaregiven,say:注意，舵令并不分讀：Fifteenfor15orTwentyfor20etc.Positio位置11.1Whenlatitudeandlongitudeareused,theseshallbeexpressedindegreesanminutes(anddecimalsofaminuteifnecessary),northorsouthoftheEquatandeastorwestofGreenwich.使用經(jīng)緯度時(shí)，應(yīng)用度和分(若必要用分的10分位)

24、，后接南、北或東、西。Example:WARNING.Dangerouswreckinposition15degrees34minutesnorth61degrees29minuteswest.11.2Whenthepositionisrelatedtoamark,themarkshallbeawell-definedchaobject.Thebearingshallbeinthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorthandshallbethatofthepositionFROMthemark.若位置參照物標(biāo)給出，則該物標(biāo)必須在海圖上有明確標(biāo)志。方位應(yīng)自真北起算以360

25、度給出，自物標(biāo)量起。Example:Yourpositionbearing137degreesfromBarrHeadlighthousedistance2.4nauticalmiles.Bearing方位Thebearingofthemarkorvesselconcerned,isthebearinginthe360degreenotationnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated),exceptinthecaseofrelativebearings.BearibeeitherFROMthemarkorFROMthevessel.物標(biāo)或船舶的方位，應(yīng)自真北(

26、另有說明除外)起算以360度給出，但相對(duì)方位除外。方位可自物標(biāo)亦可自船舶量起。Examples:Pilotboatbearing215degreesfromyou.Note:VesselsreportingtheirpositionshouldalwaysquotetheirbearingFROMthemarkdescribedinparagraph11.2ofthischapter.注意：船舶報(bào)告自己的船位時(shí)，方位應(yīng)自物標(biāo)量起，如本章11.2所述。12.1Relativebearing!對(duì)方位Relativebearingscanbeexpressedindegreesrelativetot

27、hevesselsheadorbow.Mofrequentlythisisinrelationtotheportorstarboardbow.相對(duì)方位可用相對(duì)于船首的角度數(shù)表示，常用首或右首表示。Example:Buoy030degreesonyourportbow.(RelativeD/Fbearingsaremorecommonlyexpressedinthe360deg測(cè)e向儀9tation.的相對(duì)方位常用360度表示）Course航向Alwaystobeexpressedin360degreenotationfromnorth（truenorthunlessotherwisestate

28、d）.WhetherthisistoTOorFROMamarkcanbestated.自真北以360度給出（另有說明除外），但可說明量向物標(biāo)還是自物標(biāo)量起。Distances離Preferablytobeexpressedinnauticalmilesorcables（tenthsofamile）otherwiseikilometresormetres,theunitalwaystobestated.最好以海里或鏈（海里的小數(shù)）給出，也可用千米或米給出，但使用單位必須明確說明。Spee速度Tobeexpressedinknots:應(yīng)以節(jié)給出：15.1withoutfurthernotation

29、meaningspeedthroughthewater;or,未加說明時(shí)系指對(duì)水速度；15.2groundspeedmeaningspeedovertheground.groundspee（系指對(duì)地速度。Time時(shí)間Timesshouldbeexpressedinthe24hournotationindicatingwhetherUTC,zonetimeolocaltimeisbeingused.時(shí)間應(yīng)以24小時(shí)給出，并表明所作用的是協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)、區(qū)時(shí)還是地方時(shí)。Geographicalname地名PlacenamesusedshouldbethoseonthechartorSailingDir

30、ectionsinuse.Shouldthesenotbeunderstood,latitudeandlongitudeshouldbegiven.地名應(yīng)為海圖或航路指南中所使用的名稱，若不明確，應(yīng)給出經(jīng)緯度。Ambiguouswords意義不明確的單詞SomewordsinEnglishhavemeaningsdependingonthecontextinwhichtheyappear.Misunderstandingsfrequentlyoccur,especiallyinVTScommunications,andhaveproducedaccidents.Suchwordsare:英語中

31、有些單詞的意義與上下文有關(guān)。在分道通航制通信中常發(fā)生誤解，并曾產(chǎn)生事故。例如：18.1TheConditionalsMay,Might,ShouldandCould.MayDonotsay:MayIenterfairway?Say:QUESTION.Isitpermittedtoenterfairway?Donotsay:Youmayenterfairway.Say:ANSWER.Itispermittedtoenterfairway.MightDonotsay:Imightenterfairway.Say:INTENTION.Iwillenterfairway.ShouldDonotsay:

32、YoushouldanchorinanchorageB3.Say:ADVICE.AnchorinanchorageB3.CouldDonotsay:Youcouldberunningintodanger.Say:WARNING.Youarerunningintodanger.18.2ThewordCanThewordCaneitherdescribesthepossibilityorthecapabilityofdoingsomething.SMCPthesituationswherephrasesusingthewordCanappearmakeitclearwhetherapossibil

33、ityisreferredto.Inanambiguouscontext,however,say,forexample:英文中，Can用以表示作某事的能力或用以表示作某事的可能性。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語中，有Can的語句出現(xiàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)確切表明是否表示可能性。例如，當(dāng)不明確時(shí)應(yīng)說：QUESTION.Isitpermittedtouseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?,donotsay:CanIuseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?,ifyouaskforapermiss(ThesameappliestothewordMay)Note:Incases

34、notcoveredbyPARTIGeneral,theregularcommunicationproceduresprescribedbytheITU-RadioRegulationswil.lprevail注意，在總論中未說明的情況下，通信中應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用國(guó)際電信同盟制定的無線電規(guī)則的規(guī)定。PARTII-GLOSSARY術(shù)語AbandonvesselToevacuateavesselfromcrewandpassengersfollowingadistress棄船遇險(xiǎn)時(shí)將船員或旅客撤離船舶AdriftFloating,notcontrolled,withoutaclearlydetermina

35、bledirection漂航失控下無目的漂留AssemblystationPlaceondeck,inmessrooms,etc.,assignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetaccordingtothemusterlistwhenthecorrespondingalarmisreleasedorannouncementmade集合地點(diǎn)船員和旅客在聽到警報(bào)或通知時(shí)按應(yīng)急表應(yīng)前往集合的甲板或餐廳等處所Backing(ofwind)風(fēng)向逆轉(zhuǎn)Whenawindblowsroundanticlockwise(oppositeofveering)風(fēng)向逆時(shí)針

36、改變，與veerin相反Beach(to)Torunavesseluponabeachtopreventitssinkingindeepwater搶灘船舶沖向海灘，以免沉沒在深水區(qū)BerthAsearoomtobekeptforsafetyaroundavessel,rock,platform,etc.,ortheplaceassignedtoavesselwhenanchoreorlyingalongsideapier,etc.泊位船舶、礁石、平臺(tái)等周圍所保留的安全區(qū)，或?yàn)榇爸付ǖ腻^泊區(qū)或靠泊區(qū)等Blastizt=聲號(hào)Asoundsignalmadewiththewhistleofthev

37、essel船笛發(fā)出的聲響B(tài)lindsectorsAreaswhichcannotbescannedbytheradarofthevesselbecausetheyareshieldedbypartsofitssuperstructure,mastetc.盲區(qū)由于上層建筑、桅桿等的遮擋，船舶雷達(dá)不能掃描到的區(qū)域BoardingarrangementsAllgear,suchaspilotladder,accommodationladder,hoist,etc.,necessaryforasafetransferofthepilot登船設(shè)備引航員上下船所需的引航員梯、吊繩等索具Boardingsp

38、eedThespeedofavesseladjustedtothatofapilotboatatwhicthepilotcansafelyembark登船速度使引航員能安全上船的與引航員艇相應(yīng)的速度Briefing簡(jiǎn)述Aconciseexplanatoryinformationtocrewandpassengers對(duì)船員和旅客作出的簡(jiǎn)要說明Capsizing傾覆Turningofavesselupsidedownwhileonwater船舶在水中翻倒CardinalbuoyAseamark,i.e.abuoy,indicatingthenorth,east,southorwfromafixed

39、point,e.g.awreck方位標(biāo)標(biāo)明固定點(diǎn)如沉船的東、南、西、北方向的海上浮標(biāo)CasualtyCaseofdeathorseriousinjurytoapersoninanaccidentorshippingdisaster,alsosaidofadistressedvessel遇難人員在事故或海難中死亡或受傷的案件，亦指遇難船舶ClosecoupledtowingAmethodoftowingvesselsthroughpolaricebymeansof緊連拖帶icebreakingtugswithaspecialsternnotchsuitedtoreceiveandholdtheb

40、owofthevesseltobetowed在極地冰區(qū)中，破冰船利用其尾部的特殊凹槽與被拖船船首相連的拖帶方法Compatibility(ofgoods)stateswhetherdifferentgoodscanbestowedtogetherinonehold相容性貨物可否同艙裝載的特性ConvoyAgroupofvesselswhichsailtogether,e.g.throughacanalo編隊(duì)ice同時(shí)通過運(yùn)河或冰區(qū)的船舶COWCrudeoilwashing:Asystemofcleaningthetanksbywashingthemwiththecargoofcrudeoilw

41、hileitisbeingdischarged原油洗艙卸原油時(shí)利用所卸油進(jìn)行洗艙的系統(tǒng)CPA最小會(huì)距Closestpointofapproach最小會(huì)遇距離CSSCo-ordinatorsurfacesearch:Avessel,otherthanarescueuni協(xié)調(diào)船designatedtoco-ordinatesurfacesearchandrescueoperationwithinaspecifiedarea在某一區(qū)域中，指定為水面搜救作業(yè)進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)而不實(shí)際進(jìn)行救助的船舶DamagecontrolteamAgroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfightingfloo

42、dinginthe堵漏隊(duì)vessel經(jīng)訓(xùn)練在船上進(jìn)行堵漏的一組船員Datum基點(diǎn)Derelict遺骸Destination目的港Disabled失控船Disembark(to)離船Distressalert(GMDSS)遇險(xiǎn)報(bào)警Dragging(ofanchor)走錨Dredging(ofanchor)拖錨Drifting漂航Dropback(to)減速Embark(to)登船Escaperoute撤離路線EscortThemostprobablepositionofasearchtargetatagiventime在給定時(shí)間，搜尋目標(biāo)最可能存在的位置Goodsoranyothercommod

43、ity,specificallyavesselabandonedatsea在海上遺棄的貨物或船舶Portwhichavesselisboundfor船舶駛往的港口Avesseldamagedorimpairedinsuchamannerastobeincapableofproceedingitsvoyage受到的損壞以至于不能航行的船舶Togofromboardavessel(人員)離開所在船AradiosignalfromadistressedvesselautomaticallydirectedtoaRCCgivingposition,identification,courseandspe

44、edofthevesselaswellasthenatureofdistress遇險(xiǎn)船自動(dòng)將船位、標(biāo)識(shí)、航向、速度及遇險(xiǎn)性質(zhì)傳送到搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心的無線電信號(hào)Movingofananchorovertheseabottominvoluntarilybecauseitisnolongerpreventingthemovementofthevessel錨在水下不知不覺的移動(dòng)，因其不能制止船舶的移動(dòng)Movingofananchorovertheseabottomtocontrolthemovementofthevessel錨在水下拖動(dòng)以控制船舶移動(dòng)Floating,causedbywindsandcur

45、rentwithadeterminabledirection因風(fēng)流作用而向某一方向漂移Toincreasethedistancetothevesselaheadbyresducingoneownspeed本船減速以增加與前方船的距離Togoaboardavessel登上船舶Aclearlymarkedwayinthevesselwhichhastobefollowedincaseofanemergency在船上作出醒目標(biāo)志的路線，以便緊急時(shí)撤離用Attendingavessel,tobeavailableincaseofneed,e.gGMDSSGlobalmaritimedistressan

46、dsafetysystemice-breaker,tug,etc.護(hù)航在必要時(shí)對(duì)船舶的保護(hù)，如利用破冰船、拖船等ETA預(yù)抵時(shí)間Estimatedtimeofarrival預(yù)計(jì)到達(dá)時(shí)間ETD預(yù)離時(shí)間Estimatedtimeofdeparture預(yù)計(jì)離開時(shí)間Fairway航道Navigablepartofawaterway可航水道Fairwayspeed航道速度Mandatoryspeedinafairway在可航道中規(guī)定的行駛速度Fireparty消防隊(duì)Agroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfirefightingonboard經(jīng)訓(xùn)練以撲救船火的一組船員Firepatrol

47、Aroundthroughthevesselcarriedoutbyacrewmemberofthewatchatcertainintervalssothatanoutbreakoffiremaybepromptlydetected;mandatoryinvesselscarryingmorethan36passengers防火巡邏在船上由當(dāng)值船員以一定間隔進(jìn)行的巡邏以及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)火災(zāi)，載客超過36人的船對(duì)此有強(qiáng)制要求Flooding漏損Majorflowofseawaterintothevessel海水大量進(jìn)入船舶FoammonitorApowerfulfoamfireextinguishers

48、tandingbyaboardtankersloadingordischargingoil泡沫滅火噴射器裝卸貨油時(shí)油船上備用的大型泡沫滅火器Foul(ofanchor)Anchorhasitsowncabletwistedarounditorhasfouledanobstruction纏鏈錨鏈絞纏在錨上或其它障礙物上Foul(ofpropeller)纏槳Aline,wire,net,etc.,iswoundroundthepropeller繩、線、網(wǎng)等絞纏在螺旋槳上Fullspeed全速Highestpossiblespeedofavessel船舶的最大速度Generalemergencyal

49、armAsoundsignalofsevenshortblastsandonelongblastgiven緊急警報(bào)withthevesselssoundsystem船舶警報(bào)系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的7短聲1長(zhǎng)聲的警報(bào)全球海上遇險(xiǎn)與安全系統(tǒng)GPSGlobal(satellite)positioningsystem全球定位系統(tǒng)HamperedvesselAvesselrestrictedbyitsabilitytomanoeuvrebythenatureitsworkoritsdeepdraft操縱受限船因作業(yè)或吃水而操縱能力受到限制的船HatchrailsRopessupportedbystanchionsar

50、oundanopenhatchtopreventpersonsfromfallingintoahold艙口攔繩在開敞的艙口周圍由立柱支撐的圍繩，以防人員迭落艙下Hoisthere:Acableusedbyhelicoptersforliftingorloweringpersonsinapick-upoperation吊索直升飛機(jī)吊提作業(yè)中用作人員吊提的繩具IMO-ClassGroupofdangerousorhazardousgoods,harmfulsubstancesormarinepollutantsinseatransportasclassifiedintheInternational

51、DangerousGoodsCode(IMDGCode)國(guó)際海事組織類別國(guó)際海事組織國(guó)際海運(yùn)危險(xiǎn)貨物規(guī)則中規(guī)定的危險(xiǎn)品、有害物質(zhì)或海洋污染物InitialcourseCoursedirectedbytheOSCorCSStobesteeredatthebeginningofasearch初搜航向由現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮員或協(xié)調(diào)員規(guī)定的搜索開始的航向Inoperative失效Notfunctioning喪失作用Jettison(to)(ofcargo)Throwingoverboardofgoodsinordertolightenthevesselor棄貨improveitsstabilityincaseof

52、anemergency在緊急時(shí)為減小船舶重量或增加船舶穩(wěn)性而將貨物拋至舷外Launch(to)落放Tolower,e.g.lifeboatstothewater將救生艇等落向水面LeakingEscapeofliquidssuchaswater,oil,etc.,outofpipes,boiltanks,etc.,oraminorinflowofseawaterintothevesseldue滲漏adamagetothehull管線、鍋爐、艙柜等中的水或油的泄漏，或因船殼破損海水滲入船內(nèi)Leeway背風(fēng)移動(dòng)Lateralmovementofthevesseltoleewardofitscour

53、se船舶向背風(fēng)向側(cè)移Letgo(to)拋放Tosetfree,letloose,orcastoff(ofanchors,lines,etc.)拋、解、松、放(錨、纜等)LifeboatstationPlaceassignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetbeforetheywillbeorderedtoenterthelifeboats救生艇站船員和旅客登艇前的集合地點(diǎn)List橫傾Inclinationofthevesseltoportsideorstarboardside船舶向左或向右橫傾Makewater(to)Seawatertoflowin

54、tothevesselduetodamagetoitshull,orhatchesawashandnotproperlyclosed進(jìn)水因船體損壞或艙蓋被沖掉，海水流入船內(nèi)ManoeuvringspeedAvesselsreducedrateofinspreeesdtrictedwaterssuchasfairways,harbours,etc.操縱速度船舶在航道或港內(nèi)所減小的速度MassdiseaseAnillnesspreferablyofaninfectiousnatureseizingmorethatwopersonsonboardatthesametime群疫船上兩名以上人員同時(shí)患有

55、的具有傳染性的疾病Moor(to)Tosecureavesselinaparticularplacebymeansofchainsorropesmadefasttotheshore,toanchors,ortoanchoredmooringbuoys,ortoridewithbothanchorsdown系泊將鏈或繩系在岸上、錨上、錨泊的浮筒上，或雙錨溜錨，以將船固定在某一地點(diǎn)Muster(to)Toassemblecrew,passengersorbothinaspecialplaceforpurposesofchecking隹集合將船員和/或旅客集合在某一地點(diǎn)以核查人數(shù)Notunderco

56、mmand(NUC)AvesselwhichthroughexceptionalcircumstancesisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheCOLREGs失控船船舶因異常情況而不能按避撞規(guī)則的要求進(jìn)行操縱ObstructionAnobjectsuchasawreck,net,etc.,whichblocksafairway,route,etc.礙航物阻航道的沉船、網(wǎng)具等障礙物OffairWhenthetransmissionsofaradiostationoraDeccachain,etc.,havebrokendown,switchedofforsuspen

57、ded停止發(fā)射無線電臺(tái)、臺(tái)卡鏈站等損壞、關(guān)閉、中斷發(fā)射Offstation(ofbuoys)漂移Notatthepositioncharted不在海圖標(biāo)稱的位置上Oilclearance油污清除Anoperationtoremoveoilfromthewatersurface清除海上污油的作業(yè)Operational可操作Readyforimmediateuse可即時(shí)使用Ordnanceexercise軍事演習(xí)Navalfiringpractice海軍發(fā)射演習(xí)OSCOn-scenecommander:Thecommanderofarescueunitdesignatedtoco-ordinate

58、searchandrescueoperationswithinaspecifiedarea現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮員在某一指定區(qū)域中指定作為搜救作業(yè)指揮的人員Outbound/inbound進(jìn)/出港船vesseAlvesselleaving/enteringport進(jìn)入或駛離港口的船舶OverflowAccidentalescapeofoiloutofatankwhenitgetstoofullbecausepumpingwasnotstoppedintime溢油因未及時(shí)停下泵浦致使艙柜油品溢出PolluterAvesselemittingharmfulsubstancesintotheairorspilli

59、ngintothesea污染船向空氣散發(fā)出污染物或向海水中漏油的船舶Proceed(to)駛往Tosailorheadforacertainpositionortocontinuethevoya向某一位置駛?cè)セ蚶^續(xù)航行PA-systemPublicaddresssystem:Loudspeakersinthevesselscabins,messrooms,etc.,andondeckviawhichimportantinformationcanbebroadcastfromacentralpoint,mostlyfromthenavigationbridge廣播系統(tǒng)艙室中、餐廳中或甲板上的高音

60、喇叭，用作從控制中心或駕駛臺(tái)播送重要信息RCCRescueco-ordinationcentre:Land-basedauthorityconductingandco-ordinatingsearchandrescueoperationsinadesignatedarea搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心在指定區(qū)域中從事搜救作業(yè)和搜救協(xié)調(diào)的岸上機(jī)構(gòu)ReceivingpointAmarkorplaceatwhichavesselcomesunderobligatoryentry,transit,orescortprocedure接受點(diǎn)船舶到達(dá)進(jìn)入、通過或護(hù)航點(diǎn)的標(biāo)志或地點(diǎn)ReferencelineAfictiveli