2022年新高考全國(guó)一卷英語(yǔ)真題（解析版）

1、第PAGE 頁(yè)碼30頁(yè)/總NUMPAGES 總頁(yè)數(shù)30頁(yè)Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽(tīng)力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開(kāi)始，試題序號(hào)從“21”開(kāi)始。2. 作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2

2、B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3. 非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如高改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4. 考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和符題卡一并交回。第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGrading Policies for Introduction to Lit

3、eratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)Students will work in groups to complete fou

4、r assignments (作業(yè)) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be read

5、y to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to b

6、e completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get

7、a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.1. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.2. How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.3. What will happen

8、 if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a letter grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法)

9、”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評(píng)分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標(biāo)題“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，

10、學(xué)生的最終成績(jī)由3部分組成。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果沒(méi)有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會(huì)得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會(huì)得零分。故選A項(xiàng)。BLike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rou

11、nding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world

12、 where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten

13、dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in

14、the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him, its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., w

15、hich recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals

16、 down the road.Such methods seem obvious yet so often we just dont think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.4. What does the author w

17、ant to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental ha

18、rm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.6. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.7. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. R

19、educe food consumption.C Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M(fèi)現(xiàn)象以及華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官科廷為解決食物浪費(fèi)而采取的努力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我們大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的食物)”及“But as days pa

20、ssed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但隨著時(shí)間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買(mǎi)了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通過(guò)講述芝麻菜的故事來(lái)表明我們有時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意間浪費(fèi)食物。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other

21、, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生產(chǎn)沒(méi)人吃的食物會(huì)浪費(fèi)用于種植食物的水、燃料和其他資源。這使得食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。事實(shí)上，羅伊特寫(xiě)道，“如果食物浪費(fèi)是一個(gè)國(guó)家，它將是世界上第三大溫室氣體排放國(guó)?！?”可知，根據(jù)文中的

22、說(shuō)法，浪費(fèi)食物的一個(gè)后果是對(duì)環(huán)境的危害。故選B。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have r

23、otted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復(fù)原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組織通過(guò)接受捐贈(zèng)和收集有瑕疵的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，收回了超過(guò)807500磅的食物，否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品就會(huì)在地里腐爛。草莓呢？志愿者們將清洗、切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人們不想要的食物重新制作食物。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ever

24、yone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.(“每個(gè)人都可以在減少浪費(fèi)方面發(fā)揮作用，無(wú)論是在每周的購(gòu)物中不購(gòu)買(mǎi)不必要的食物，還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷說(shuō))”可知，科廷建議人們只買(mǎi)需要的東西來(lái)避免浪費(fèi)食物。故選A。CThe elderly r

25、esidents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善組織) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the m

26、ind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the

27、project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see theyve gone to bed.”“Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying

28、the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one o

29、f the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the pr

30、oject. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”8. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.9. H

31、ow has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.11.

32、 What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況的項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“The project was dreamed up b

33、y a local charity (慈善組織) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing (該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to w

34、atch them. Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的關(guān)注點(diǎn)很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進(jìn)來(lái)看母雞，居民們也來(lái)外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)，做一些有用的事情的感覺(jué)很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通過(guò)該項(xiàng)目獲得了一種成就感。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We ar

35、e looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣)”以及劃線處前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin (開(kāi)始)”含義相近。故選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creat

36、ive sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through

37、a shared interest and creative activities.” (“諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林恩劉易斯說(shuō):我們很高興能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它將通過(guò)共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來(lái))”可知，該項(xiàng)目的反響很好。故選A。DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common

38、 than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more co

39、mmon in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (對(duì)齊), making it hard to p

40、roduce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (結(jié)構(gòu)), making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food

41、became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably dur

42、ing the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not nece

43、ssarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.12. Which aspect of the human

44、 speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their lips easily.C. Their

45、 jaws were not conveniently structured.D Their lower front teeth were not large enough.14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about t

46、he research process.15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要

47、介紹因?yàn)轱嬍车母淖儗?dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語(yǔ)言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語(yǔ)音。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and v, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the Unive

48、rsity of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（30多年前，學(xué)者Charles Hockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語(yǔ)音，如“f”和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會(huì)的語(yǔ)言中更常見(jiàn)?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的Damian Blasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重點(diǎn)是在語(yǔ)言的演變上。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient

49、human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門(mén)牙和下門(mén)牙是對(duì)齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過(guò)下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來(lái)，我們的下顎變成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可

50、知，因?yàn)楣糯赡耆说南骂€結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not

51、 found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（對(duì)語(yǔ)言數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的分析也證實(shí)，在新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過(guò)去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語(yǔ)言中仍然沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，第五段主要是通過(guò)列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果來(lái)進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of

52、human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小組成員Steven Moran說(shuō):“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，我們使用的語(yǔ)音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語(yǔ)音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)

53、物。”）”可知，Steven Moran認(rèn)為語(yǔ)音是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while

54、another read: “_16_” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. _17_ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibi

55、lity? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably wont result in a useful response. _18_ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner poste

56、d her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. _19_ You and your

57、 partner will probably have different skills. _20_ Over time, both of you will benefit your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A. Your first meeting may be a little

58、awkward.B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other

59、.G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何找到一個(gè)一起鍛煉的伙伴?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know so

60、meone is waiting for you at the gym,”(健身雜志最近刊登了一篇題為感謝健身伙伴的五個(gè)理由的文章。一個(gè)理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會(huì)去鍛煉?！?”可知，這里陳述另一個(gè)和別人一起鍛煉的理由。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“Youll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和別人一起訓(xùn)練，你會(huì)更努力。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，決定你想從那個(gè)人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or d