John-Milton(彌爾頓) 英國(guó)文學(xué)

1、John Milton1教育課John Milton（16081674） a English poet a scholarly man of letters an official serving under Oliver Cromwell In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose writer.2教育課Family educationFather ( John Milton ) a musical composer ; literaturePrivate tu

2、torHis Life3教育課good education: St. Pauls School, then Cambridge and got master degreegave up being a clergyman to his fathers country house6 years of private study and poetry writingHis Life4教育課His travel on the Continent1638-1639 A tour to France and Italy The summer of 1639 Return5教育課He met famed

3、scholar Hugo Grotius in Paris, then to Italy. Milton arrived in Florence, where he met with Galileo（伽利略）.In Rome, he was a guest of Cardinal , and visited the Vatican(梵蒂岡) Library. Miltons tour of Europe was cut short with rumors of impending（即將發(fā)生的） civil war in England, and he returned home in July

4、 1639. 6教育課The Civil War was brewing King Charles I invaded Scotland in 1639, and the Long Parliament was convened in 1640. Milton began writing pamphlets on political and religious matters; Such as Of Reformation 論改革, Animadversions 批判, and Of Prelatical Episcopacy 論主教制His First Entry into Politica

5、l Conflict7教育課Married three timesHad four children strain relationshipsMary Powell DesertionMilton the DivorcerHis Marriage 8教育課Commonwealth & RestorationSecretary for Foreign Tongues Hiding, brief imprisonment Concerned with the social upheavals of the time, Milton defended the English Commonwealth

6、9教育課Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell died in October, 1658, and the days of the Commonwealth were coming to a close. In early 1659, Milton published A Treatise of Civil Power and Ready and Easy Way To Establish a Free Commonwealth. For his propaganda writings, Milton had to go into hiding, for fear of

7、 retribution from the followers of King Charles II. In early autumn, Milton was arrested and thrown in prison, to be released by order of Parliament before Christmas. 10教育課8 November 1674Died of kidney failureBuried in the church of St Giles Cripplegate11教育課His works1.early poetic works 2.the middle

8、 prose pamphlets 3.the great poem4.sonnets12教育課1.early poetic works LAllegre 快樂的人IL Pens eroso (1632) 憂思的人13教育課2.1 Works in the ReformationAreopagitica論出版自由The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 論國(guó)王與官吏的職權(quán) 14教育課2. 2 Works in Commonwealth periodDefense of the English people 為英國(guó)人民聲辯Second defense of the E

9、nglish people 再為英國(guó)人民聲辯15教育課3.Later MasterpiecesParadise Lost失樂園Paradise Regained復(fù)樂園Samson Agonists 力士參孫16教育課4. A handful of sonnets(1) 18 English and 5 Italian sonnets(2) They are compact（文體簡(jiǎn)潔，緊湊） and well organized.(3) The language is simple and unadorned（不加修飾的）, but powerful.17教育課To Mr. Cyriack Sk

10、inner Upon his BlindnessCyriack, this three years day these eyes, though clear,To outward view, of blemish or of spot, Bereft of light, their seeing have forgot; Nor to their idle orbs doth sight appearOf sun or moon or star, throughout the year,Or man or woman. Yet I argue notAgainst Heavens hand o

11、r will, nor bate a jotOf heart or hope, but still bear up and steerRight onward. What supports me, dost thou ask?The conscience, friend, to have lost them overpliedIn libertys defence, my noble task,Of which all Europe talks from side to side.This thought might lead me through the worlds vain maskCo

12、ntent, though blind, had I no better guide.18教育課Chinese Translation西里克：三年來盡管我的雙眼看來無斑無暇，卻被奪去目光一無用處的眼珠已把視覺遺忘，太陽、月亮和星星都整年不見，男子、婦女的身影也從不出現(xiàn)。我并不埋怨上天的意志和巨掌，也不讓信心和希望受絲毫影響，仍堅(jiān)持駕著我生命之船沖向前。也許你要問：我靠什么來支持？靠良知：朋友；為了捍衛(wèi)自由，我累壞了眼睛，而這崇高責(zé)職，人們口口相傳，已響遍了全歐。我若沒更好向?qū)В軕{這認(rèn)識(shí)眼暗心安地把人間假面看透。19教育課Paradise Lost20教育課Brief Introduction

13、Miltons masterpiece, the only generally recognized epic since Beowulf, a great epic poem in blank verse, consisting of 12 books. The story were taken from the Old Testament of Bible: Genesis The main characters are God, Satan, Adam and Eve.21教育課overviewThe majority of the poem was written while Milt

14、on was blind, and was transcribed for him. Considered by many scholars to be one of the greatest poems of the English language. It is renowned（享有聲譽(yù)的） for its intricate（錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的） and contradictory composition based on the biblical legend of the imaginary progenitors（祖先） of the human race Adam and Eve, a

15、nd involves God and his eternal adversary（對(duì)手） Satan in its plot.22教育課Story Paradise Lost is about Adam and Eve-how they came to be created and how they came to lose their place in the Garden of Eden, also called Paradise. Its the same story you find in the first pages of Genesis（創(chuàng)世紀(jì)）, expanded by Mi

16、lton into a very long, detailed, narrative poem. It also includes the story of the origin of Satan. Originally he was called Lucifer, an angel in heaven who led his followers in a war against God, and was ultimately sent with them to hell. Thirst for revenge led him to cause mans downfall by turning

17、 into a serpent(蛇) and tempting Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.23教育課 God selfish, seated upon a throne with a chorus of angels about him eternally singing his praises. He is cruel and unjust in punishing Satan. His angels are silly, who never think of expressing any opinions of their own. This resem

18、bles the court of an absolute monarch.Adam&Eve Embody Miltons belief in the powers of man, craving for knowledge, denied by God, opens a wide road to intelligent and active life.Main characters24教育課 Santa He is the real hero of the poem. He prefers independence to happy servility, he is the spirit q

19、uestioning the authority of God, which represents the proud and somber（昏暗的） political passions of the persecuted Republicans after Restoration. He remains obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell. He is feebler（虛弱無力的） in force, superior in nobleness, since he prefers independence to h

20、appy servility. He questions the authority of God. He can see no reason why Adam and Eve should not taste the fruit of the tree of knowledge. He represents the spirit of rebellion against unjust authority and tyranny.25教育課 Theme: Fall of Man26教育課The creation of the Earth and Adam & Eve27教育課Satans re

21、volt against God 28教育課Satans disguise of serpent and temptation29教育課The departure of Adam and EveSatan and his angels being in shape of snake forever30教育課MonarchyV.SParliamentGodarulerwithunlimitedpower a selfish despotcruel and unjustSatana mixture of evil and goodthe spirit who dares to question t

22、he authority of God31教育課Subjectto justify the ways of God to man Two Subjects to praise the rebellion spirit against the despotFrom the perspective of religion, Milton was a pious Christian, so he had to justify God.From the perspective of politics, Milton had revolutionary spirit, and was on the si

23、de of the bourgeois, he thought that God is a despot and Satan is a real hero.32教育課Themes Marriage Miltons true vision reflects one where the husband and wife (in this instance, Adam and Eve) depend on each other and only through each others differences are able to thrive（興盛）. While most readers bel

24、ieve that Adam and Eve fail because of their fall from paradise, Milton would argue that the resulting strengthening of their love for one another is true victory.33教育課Features of His Works(1) Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and w

25、ho is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism. (2) Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used b

26、lank verse in non-dramatic works. (3) Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted for its dignity and polish（高貴和優(yōu)雅）, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study. (4) Milton has always been admired for his sublimity（崇高）of thought and majesty（雄偉） of expressi

27、on.34教育課Importance1)HewasthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetof the17thcentury.2)HewrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature, withShakespeare regardedastwopatterns of Englishverse.3)Hewasamasteroftheblankverse,firstused blankverseinnon-dramaticworks.4)Hewasagreatstylist,andfamousforhis grand style.35教育課AppreciationWith thee conversing I forget all time; 和你談著，我忘記了一切時(shí)間； All seasons, and their change, all please alike. 所有的時(shí)光和它們的變換，同樣悅?cè)恕?Sweet is the breath of Morn,